1,721,081 research outputs found
SOP for calibrated color measurements of RTB foods using image analysis. High-throughput phenotyping protocols (HTPP), WP3
Get PDFImpact of brining and drying processes on the nutritive value of tambaqui fish (Colossoma macropomum)
No full textPreservation of fish as diet ingredient is challenging in many tropical regions due to poor socioeconomic conditions and lack of freezing facilities. So, alternative preservation techniques could be viable to address the issue. The present study evaluated the effect of brine salting (15% w/v) prior to drying at different temperatures on the nutrient profiles of tambaqui fish (Colossoma macropomum). Whole fish samples (n = 48; 792 ± 16 g; 8 months old) were grouped into two as brine-salted and non-salted, and treated at seven different drying temperatures of 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60°C for a period of 23 h each. To evaluate the impact of Maillard reaction, reactive lysine was also quantified. Drying temperature had no effect on the evaluated macro- and micro-nutrients of tambaqui fish (P > 0.05) while brining reduced the overall protein concentration by 6% (58.8 to 55.4 g/100 g DM; P = 0.004). Brining significantly reduced many amino acids: taurine by 56% (7.1 to 3.1 g/kg; P 0.05). Brining also reduced the concentrations of Se by 14% (149 to 128 μg/kg DM; P = 0.020), iodine 38% (604 to 373 μg/kg DM; P = 0.020), K 42% (9.71 to 5.61 g/kg DM; P 0.05). Agreeably, results of multivariate analysis showed a negative association between brining, Na, and ash on one side of the component and most other nutrients on the other component. In conclusion, drying without brining may better preserve the nutritive value of tambaqui fish. However, as a practical remark to the industry sector, it is recommended that the final product may further evaluated for any pathogen of economic or public health importance
Creation of a color reference chart for RTB foods color characterization. High-throughput phenotyping protocols (HTPP), WP3
Get PDFEither for visual evaluation or image analysis, a color selection chart allow for a more accurate and repeatable color quantification. Commercial color reference chart exist but covers a wide range of colors, making it harder to evaluate the desired object color. The present SOP describe step by step how to implement its own customized color reference chart and propose an R script automatizing the process. The creation of a color reference chart relies first on the extraction of typical colors from a collection of available numeric images covering the range of desired product color variation. This palette of color is then characterized in different color spaces, plotted on a chart and printed. Finally, the correspondence between the desired color value and the printed chart is verified using a chromameter
MIRS measurement on cassava cell walls and flours. High-throughput phenotyping protocols (HTPP), WP3
Get PDFThe purpose of this SOP is to use MIRS to predict the cooking behaviour of cassava from different varieties by using spectra of corresponding cassava cell walls or flour. For this purpose, eighty-nine samples of cell walls from 37 different varieties (2 or 3 roots per genotype) provided by CIAT (Colombia) were analysed by using Thermo Scientific™ Nicolet™ iS50R Research FTIR Spectrometers in the 4000-400 cm-1 region. For the repeatability test, 8 spectra of the same flour sample were acquired in order to determine the optimum number of MIRS measurements (replicates) required to be representative of the sample. The RMS obtained for 5 combinations of two replicates (2-3, 1-2, 3-5, 3-7 and 6-8) are 457, 1066, 710, 1352 and 614 μabs respectively. The RMS values between 2 replicates, randomly selected, were lower than the RMS mean for all the replicates. These results indicate that two replicates of the sample result to a spectral dispersion (variability) similar to the one obtained with 8 repetitions
SOP for hyperspectral imaging analysis of fresh RTB crops. High-throughput phenotyping protocols (HTPP), WP3
Get PDFNIRS acquisition on fresh cassava roots using the benchtop NIRS FOSS DS2500 and relating spectra to root dry matter content by oven method. High-throughput phenotyping protocols (HTPP), WP3
Get PDFDeveloping the right metric for dry matter is vital in defining measurable parameters related to biochemical properties that define root yield and root quality. In this SOP, the procedure for production of definitive spectra that defines the connection between the spectra acquired from grated cassava fresh root and the dry matter content is described. The procedures describe the scanning and spectral acquisition of fresh root cassava spectra using the FOSS DS2500 NIRS equipment. Cassava samples are harvested from labelled fields using appropriate harvesting tools and prepared by peeling and grating using a laboratory grater. The grated material is placed on a sample plate with accompanying barcode and moved to NIRS equipment. This is followed loading the grates into a sample cup and scanning of the grated material filled in the sample cup. The procedure is repeated by loading fresh material from the main sample into the sample cup producing two subsets of scans from one particular accession. Spectral data produced from these scans is downloaded and further processed for use in calibration development while it is also uploaded on cassava base as an additional file. Reference data generation is carried out by approved reference methods in repeatability analyses carried out at NaCRRI. Critical points of consideration include the development and maintenance of correct labelling
Feasability of bad-good genotypes screening using NIRS. High-throughput phenotyping protocols (HTPP), WP3
Get PDFThe current protocol's main objective is to determine the feasibility to calibrate a qualitative classification model allowing the distinction between good and bad genotypes using NIRS spectra collected on different product states (i.e. raw intact organ, chopped, puree). This protocol focuses on pounded yam and boiled cassava, but if the proof of concept is achieved, it can be extended to RTB product profiles. The main principle is based on the existing traditional knowledge of varieties of good and bad qualities. This knowledge allows us to choose genotypes from both categories and train a binary classification model to predict their belonging. To test feasibility as soon as possible, this preliminary protocol focuses on the already available database. The idea is to train and test a classification model predicting good or bad genotypes using a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a binary cross-entropy loss function. Indeed, this type of algorithms showed excellent results for similar studies. In order to avoid a confusion effect of storage length on tuber quality, the only tuber with similar physiological age (i.e. meaning same storage length) should be kept in each database
NIRS measurement on milled and un-milled gari. High-throughput phenotyping protocols (HTPP), WP3
Get PDFGari is a creamy white granular flour produced from fermented and gelatinized cassava mash. Application of Near-infrared spectroscopic techniques in analyzing the chemical and functional properties of gari depends on the collection of quality spectral data. This SOP was developed to collect the spectra of gari using the NIRS equipment. Particle sizes of gari vary depending on the size of the sieve used during production. Therefore, the SOP covered the presentation of gari sample “as is” and as “milled gari” to obtain the uniform particle size. Spectral data of gari were collected in three replications, and each measurement involves taking fresh samples into the sampling ring cup. The SOP also included the materials required, repeatability test and the critical points for the measurement
Methods of processing of some under-utilized yam and cocoyam tuber varieties: effect on carotenoid content
No full textIdentification and quantification of carotenoids from yam and cocoyam were evaluated after different processing methods. Seven carotenoids were identified by HPLC-DAD both in the raw and processed tubers. The mean carotenoids in yam, D. cayenensis was α-carotene (0.78 μg/g), 9-cis-β-carotene (0.71 μg/g), all-trans-β-carotene (1.28 μg/g); in D. bulbifera was lutein (1.53 μg/g), 9-cis-β-carotene (0.39 μg/g), all-trans-β-carotene (0.19 μg/g). Cocoyam, X. maffa (Scoth) had lutein (0.95 μg/g), α-carotene (1.35 μg/g), 9-cis-β-carotene (0.78 μg/g) and all-trans-β-carotene (1.91 μg/g). The impact of methods of processing show that the loss of 9-cis-β-carotene and/or all-trans β-carotene in the boiled process was associated with increase in 13-cis-β-carotene in the yam/cocoyam samples. Roasted method show minimal loss of carotenoids when compared with fried and oven-dried methods. Mean percentage retention of total carotenoids after processing was boiling (80.1%), roasting (79%),
oven-drying (24.51%) and frying (15%). There was relative good retention of total carotenoids in the boiled and roasted process to improve human nutrition
NIRS acquisition on fresh cassava roots using the ASD Quality Spec (QST) and relating spectra to root dry matter content by oven method. High-throughput phenotyping protocols (HTPP), WP3
Get PDFThe Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) detailed herein are applicable in the acquisition of spectra from largely intact cassava roots. The procedures allow for scanning and spectral acquisition after a scanning surface has been provided on the intact root. Cassava samples are harvested using approved harvesting tools and labelled after which preparation commences by removing the tail ends of the root. This is followed by sectioning of the root into four equal portions and surface trimming of each section immediately before spectral acquisition. Thereafter, labelling and scanning of the trimmed surface using the ASD-QUALITY SPEC produces four scans representative of one particular root. The procedure is repeated for the rest of the roots producing four subsets of scans from one particular accession. Spectral data produced from these scans is downloaded and further processed for use in calibration development and root chemical composition determination. Processed spectral data is also uploaded as an additional file to the cassava base. Reference data generation is carried out by approved reference methods in repeatability analyses carried out at NaCRRI and NARL. Critical points of consideration include the development of a sample flow and spectra acquisition matrix coupled to correct labelling since sample numbers involved are usually many
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