149,071 research outputs found
Reputations : Shigeru Ban (1957- )
No full textCritique of Japanese architect Shigeru Ban.
Winner of the 2014 Pritzker Prize Shigeru Ban became known as the sustainable paper architect but behind the cardboard aesthetics lie deep humanitarianism and high-tech aspiration
Reductions in cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory mortality following the national Irish smoking ban: Interrupted time-series analysis
No full textCopyright @ 2013 Stallings-Smith et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.Background: Previous studies have shown decreases in cardiovascular mortality following the implementation of comprehensive smoking bans. It is not known whether cerebrovascular or respiratory mortality decreases post-ban. On March 29, 2004, the Republic of Ireland became the first country in the world to implement a national workplace smoking ban. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of this policy on all-cause and cause-specific, non-trauma mortality. Methods: A time-series epidemiologic assessment was conducted, utilizing Poisson regression to examine weekly age and gender-standardized rates for 215,878 non-trauma deaths in the Irish population, ages ≥35 years. The study period was from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2007, with a post-ban follow-up of 3.75 years. All models were adjusted for time trend, season, influenza, and smoking prevalence. Results: Following ban implementation, an immediate 13% decrease in all-cause mortality (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.76-0.99), a 26% reduction in ischemic heart disease (IHD) (RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63-0.88), a 32% reduction in stroke (RR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.54-0.85), and a 38% reduction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (RR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.46-0.83) mortality was observed. Post-ban reductions in IHD, stroke, and COPD mortalities were seen in ages ≥65 years, but not in ages 35-64 years. COPD mortality reductions were found only in females (RR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.32-0.70). Post-ban annual trend reductions were not detected for any smoking-related causes of death. Unadjusted estimates indicate that 3,726 (95% CI: 2,305-4,629) smoking-related deaths were likely prevented post-ban. Mortality decreases were primarily due to reductions in passive smoking. Conclusions: The national Irish smoking ban was associated with immediate reductions in early mortality. Importantly, post-ban risk differences did not change with a longer follow-up period. This study corroborates previous evidence for cardiovascular causes, and is the first to demonstrate reductions in cerebrovascular and respiratory causes
2008 SEC short selling ban: impacts on the credit default swap market
No full textOn September 17, 2008, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued an emergency order banning the shorting of 797 financial stocks. This paper studies the impact of the short selling ban on the credit derivatives market by investigating credit default swap (CDS) prices during the period that the ban was in effect. The hypothesis is proposed that the short selling ban on 797 financial stocks led market participants to enter CDS contracts to reflect positions that the participants had formerly entered through short sales, thus driving up CDS rates. Analysis compares the CDS prices of firms protected by the ban to the CDS prices of similar firms in the S&P 500 not covered by the ban. Tests are also conducted using metrics from the bond and equities markets to determine if the results from the CDS market are unique to the CDS space. A linear regression technique is used to test the significance of the ban on CDS prices. The study results indicate that the CDS prices of firms covered by the short selling restrictions experienced significant dislocations during the period of the ban.SEC short selling ban; credit default swaps; credit derivatives
2008 SEC short selling ban: impacts on the credit default swap market
No full textOn September 17, 2008, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued an emergency order banning the shorting of 797 financial stocks. This paper studies the impact of the short selling ban on the credit derivatives market by investigating credit default swap (CDS) prices during the period that the ban was in effect. The hypothesis is proposed that the short selling ban on 797 financial stocks led market participants to enter CDS contracts to reflect positions that the participants had formerly entered through short sales, thus driving up CDS rates. Analysis compares the CDS prices of firms protected by the ban to the CDS prices of similar firms in the S&P 500 not covered by the ban. Tests are also conducted using metrics from the bond and equities markets to determine if the results from the CDS market are unique to the CDS space. A linear regression technique is used to test the significance of the ban on CDS prices. The study results indicate that the CDS prices of firms covered by the short selling restrictions experienced significant dislocations during the period of the ban.SEC short selling ban; credit default swaps; credit derivatives
The public health benefits of smoking ban policies: epidemiologic analyses of mortality effects and differentials by socioeconomic status
No full textThis thesis was submited for the degree of Doctor of Public Health and awarded by Brunel UniversityBackground: The implementation of comprehensive smoking ban policies results in reduced population exposure to secondhand smoke, yielding health benefits such as improved respiratory function and decreased risk of cardiovascular events. However, smoking ban effects on respiratory and cerebrovascular mortality and effect differences by socioeconomic status (SES) are unknown. Methods: A literature review was conducted to understand the health benefits of smoking ban policies and to identify areas of research that needed to be addressed. Subsequently, an epidemiologic study employing an interrupted time-series approach was conducted with a national mortality dataset from the Republic of Ireland to determine effects following the implementation of the national workplace smoking ban. Irish census data were used to calculate frequencies of deprivation at the level of the local authority and principal component analysis was conducted to generate a composite SES index. To determine whether the smoking ban policy impacted inequalities, Poisson regression with interrupted time-series analysis was conducted to examine mortality rates, stratified by tertiles of discrete SES indicators and the composite index.
Results: The review identified strong evidence for post-ban reductions in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and suggestive evidence of reductions in respiratory morbidity following smoking ban implementation. Few studies assessed ban effects by SES and findings were inconsistent; hence, insufficient evidence was available to determine smoking ban policy impacts on health inequalities. Epidemiologic analyses demonstrated that the national Irish smoking ban was associated with immediate reductions in early mortality for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory causes. Further analyses by discrete socioeconomic indicators and a composite index indicated that the national Irish smoking ban was associated with decreased inequalities in smoking-related mortality. Conclusions: Smoking ban policies are effective public health interventions for the prevention of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory mortality. Furthermore, findings indicate that smoking ban policies have the potential to reduce inequalities in mortality
Riben [cartographic material] /
No full text880-03 Di 1 ban. Economic geography map of Japan.; 880-05 "Jing ji di li jiao xue gua tu".; Sang Ye Collection. ANL; "1'Q1!0!'CU'VJ!+:B12014.539".; Also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-vn1043219
Did the ban on smoking reduce the revenue in pubs and restaurants in Norway?
No full textAfter 16 years of exemptions from the ban on indoor smoking in other places of work, Norway became the second country after Ireland to implement a smoke-free regime in pubs and restaurants. This paper evaluates the economic impact on the hospitality sector in a northern region with a cold climate. The data consists of bi-monthly observations of revenues in restaurants and pubs starting in January 1999 and ending in August 2007. Auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) intervention analysis was used to test for possible economic impacts, controlling for variations in temperature. The ban on smoking did not have a statistically significant effect on revenue in restaurants or on restaurant revenue as a share of personal consumption. There is also no evidence that the ban reduce revenues in bars, but there is some indication that it may have reduced bar revenue as a share of personal consumption. Conclusion: A large body of research has found no negative economic effect of smoke-free legislation on restaurant and bar sales in the United States, Australia and elsewhere Our study confirms these results in a northern region with a cold climate with respect to restaurants, but the results was more mixed for bars.Tobacco; economics; business; passive smoking; legislation
Co#ng hòa xã ho#i chu nghia Vie#t Nam [cartographic material] = [Socialist Republic of Viet Nam].
No full textDepths shown by bathymetric tints and soundings.; Map of Vietnam showing provinces, cities, population, boundaries, railroads, roads, airports, sea routes, ports, rivers, corals, swamps, sand, historical monuments, and beaches.; In Vietnamese.; Includes lists of abbreviations and glossary.; "So dang ky ke hoach xuat ban: 46-472/CXB-QLXB cap ngay: 18/6/1998"; "No#p luu chieu tháng 10/1998."; Includes source material note.Socialist Republic of Viet Na
Is the Log Export Ban Effective? Revisiting the Issue through the Case of Indonesia
No full textThe effectiveness of a log export ban policy in achieving the twin goals of conservation and economic development has been vigorously debated by many researchers and policymakers for the last two decades or so. Despite the abundance of work focusing on this issue that demonstrates the perversity of this policy, many countries around the world still implement it. This paper will, first, review the economic and political arguments on the pros and cons of this policy. Second, it will review the Indonesian experience in implementing the policy in the 1980s and 2000s. Third, using a CGE model, this paper will predict the anticipated impact of implementing the log export ban policy on the national economy and on household incomes for various socio-economic groups.log export ban policy, conservation and economic development, national economy, household incomes, CGE
Impact of a smoking ban in hospitality venues on second hand smoke exposure: a comparison of exposure assessment methods
No full textBACKGROUND: In May 2010, Switzerland introduced a heterogeneous smoking ban in the hospitality sector. While the law leaves room for exceptions in some cantons, it is comprehensive in others. This longitudinal study uses different measurement methods to examine airborne nicotine levels in hospitality venues and the level of personal exposure of non-smoking hospitality workers before and after implementation of the law. METHODS: Personal exposure to second hand smoke (SHS) was measured by three different methods. We compared a passive sampler called MoNIC (Monitor of NICotine) badge, to salivary cotinine and nicotine concentration as well as questionnaire data. Badges allowed the number of passively smoked cigarettes to be estimated. They were placed at the venues as well as distributed to the participants for personal measurements. To assess personal exposure at work, a time-weighted average of the workplace badge measurements was calculated. RESULTS: Prior to the ban, smoke-exposed hospitality venues yielded a mean badge value of 4.48 (95%-CI: 3.7 to 5.25; n = 214) cigarette equivalents/day. At follow-up, measurements in venues that had implemented a smoking ban significantly declined to an average of 0.31 (0.17 to 0.45; n = 37) (p = 0.001). Personal badge measurements also significantly decreased from an average of 2.18 (1.31-3.05 n = 53) to 0.25 (0.13-0.36; n = 41) (p = 0.001).Spearman rank correlations between badge exposure measures and salivary measures were small to moderate (0.3 at maximum). CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine levels significantly decreased in all types of hospitality venues after implementation of the smoking ban. In-depth analyses demonstrated that a time-weighted average of the workplace badge measurements represented typical personal SHS exposure at work more reliably than personal exposure measures such as salivary cotinine and nicotine
- …
