1,721,082 research outputs found
Compressive properties of parametrically optimised mechanical metamaterials based on 3D projections of 4D geometries
No full textThis data set includes raw data with explantory text and diagrams for the engrXiv preprint, "Compressive properties of parametrically optimised mechanical metamaterials based on 3D projections of 4D geometries" by Gabrielis Cerniauskas and Parvez Alam (https://doi.org/10.31224/2796). The abstract for this paper is as follows:
The design process of 3D mechanical metamaterials is still an emerging field and in this paper, we propose for the first time, a new design and optimisation approach based on 3D projections of 4D geometries (4-polytopes) and evolutionary algorithms. We find that through iterative parametric optimisation, 4-polytope projected mechanical metamaterials can be optimised to achieve both high specific stiffness and high specific yield strengths. Samples manufactured using a low-stereolithography method were tested in compression. We find that optimised tesseracts (8-cell structures) had a higher specific yield strength (22.8 kNm/kg) than that of honeycomb structures tested out-of-plane (19.4 kNm/kg) and a specific stiffness of (0.68 MNm/kg) which is more than 3-fold that of gyroid structures. The compressive strength to solid-modulus ratio of the 8-cell tesseract is very high (3×10−3), exceeding that of out-of-plane honeycombs, which are themselves closer in value to 5-cell pentatopes (2×10−3). 8-cell and 5-cell structures are in the region of one order of magnitude higher than 16-cell and 24-cell structures (∼ 2 × 10−4 − 8 × 10−4) and are hence comparable to nanostructured metamaterials. The 8-cell tesseracts are 18% stiffer, 43% stronger, and 19% tougher in compression than out-of-plane honeycomb structures, but unlike honeycombs, 8-cell tesseracts are 3D structures with cubic symmetry. Architecture has a profound effect on the relative consistency of properties with cubically symmetric structures displaying the greatest levels of consistency in terms of both strength and stiffness reduction as a function of pore space. The results presented in this paper showcase the potential of this new class of mechanical metamaterial based on 3D projected 4-polytopes
Cubically symmetric mechanical metamaterials projected from 4th dimensional geometries reveal high specific properties in shear
No full textReduced density significantly compromises the mechanical properties of ordinary materials as their structural components undergo bending when subjected to shear loading. In this paper, we present an emerging class of cubically symmetric mechanical metamaterial, based on 3-space geometrical shadows of 4th dimensional geometries (4-polytopes) that are optimised for high shear resistance and minimised weight. We show that by employing a genetic algorithm-based optimisation framework, the mechanical metamaterials can achieve an increase of more than 40-fold in their specific shear properties. Experimental results reveal that the metamaterial structure with the highest specific shear resistance, the 5-cell (pentatope), exhibits specific shear stiffness that is almost 2-fold higher than that of a gyroid, while the 8-cell (tesseract) structure exhibits the highest specific shear yield strength that is 2.4 times higher than that of a hexagonal honeycomb tested in the out-of-plane direction. The dataset relates to the publication "Cubically symmetric mechanical metamaterials projected from 4th dimensional geometries reveal high specific properties in shear" (https://doi.org/10.31224/3035) by the same authors.The data set consists of:
Files include:
Shear_Simulation_data.XLSX - this file contains shear stress-shear strain data for the 3D projected 4-polytope simulations in shear, and further information on their apparent and relative densities as computed.
Shear_Experimental_data.XLSX - this file contains shear stress-shear strain data for the 3D projected 4-polytope experiments in shear, and further information on their apparent and relative densities as measured.
PNG files showing the evolution of 3D projected 4-polytope for 5, 8, 16 and 24 cell metamaterial structures, specifically:
5cellOpt-0-100percentShear.PNG
8cellOpt-0-100percentShear.PNG
16cellOpt-0-100percentShear.PNG
24cellOpt-0-100percentShear.PNG
PNG files describing the sample parameters in diagramatic and tabular form of 3D projected 4-polytope for 5, 8, 16 and 24 cell metamaterial structures (optimised for shear loading), specifically:
Sample-parameters.PNG
Sample-parameters-Table.PNG
Excel files containing raw optimisation data from genetic algorithms of 3D projected 4-polytope detailing geometries for 5, 8, 16 and 24 cell metamaterial structures, specifically:
5cellOptDataShear.XLSX
8cellOptDataShear.XLSX
16cellOptDataShear.XLSX
24cellOptDataShear.XLS
AInsectID - a free to use species identification, image analysis and colour mapping software
No full textAInsectID is a GUI based software that with this initial release, can be used to identify (currently 122) insect species. The software can also be used for color processing and analyses of insect body parts such as wings, and additionally includes a simple image analysis giving users the flexibility to both automatically and manually quantify the geometrical features within the image. In a world bustling with diverse insect species, accurate identification is important. This software uses AI to revolutionize the way we identify insects with up to 99.64% accuracy (determined through validation testing). AInsectID represents a significant leap forward in insect species identification. Traditional methods require any of: specialized taxonomical knowledge, time-consuming morphological and geographical characterization methods, genetic barcoding expertise, or even in some cases, destructive sampling. With AInsectID, machine learning and deep learning algorithms are used to identify and classify insect species based on their morphological features, This process is fast, highly accurate, and is now freely accessible to a broader audience. This is a software that we will update over time, this is Version 1. The dataset contains free to use software developed at The University of Edinburgh entitled AInsectID. The software comes with the following functionality: (1) Insect species identification (2) image analysis and morphometric analysis tools (3) colour mapping and colour manipulation tools. This is the first version of the software release. A user manual is provided with the software.The following is also listed in the READ ME txt file and the READ ME pdf included in the submission.
1. for_redistribution:
The for_redistribution folder is a standard folder generated by MATLAB Compiler when we compile MATLAB App Designer app for deployment. This folder contains files and resources needed for redistributing and deploying standalone application to other computers. When we use MATLAB Compiler to create a standalone application It bundles the necessary files into a distribution package that can be installed and run on computers without MATLAB installed. The for_redistribution folder is part of this distribution package, and it typically includes MyAppInstaller_mcr. It contains all supporting additional files required for the application to run, such as data files, configuration files, or any other dependencies.
• MyAppInstaller_mcr: This is an executable file that helps install MATLAB application on the target machine, consists of compiled version of MATLAB App Designer app along with all necessary MATLAB Runtime files. The MyAppInstaller_mcr executable file is typically generated by MATLAB Compiler when we create an installer for MATLAB App Designer application. This file is part of the deployment package and is used to install the MATLAB Compiler Runtime (MCR) on a target machine. The MCR is a set of shared libraries and files that allow compiled MATLAB application to run on a machine without a full installation of MATLAB. This runtime is necessary for running compiled MATLAB applications. After installing the MCR, the installer proceed to install compiled MATLAB App Designer application on the target machine. The installer ensures that all dependencies required by application are present on the target machine. This include MATLAB Compiler Runtime files and any additional support files needed for app.
2. for_redistribution_files_only:
The for_redistribution_files_only folder in the context of MATLAB App Designer and MATLAB Compiler refers to a folder that contains only the files necessary for redistributing compiled MATLAB application, excluding the
installer executable. Unlike the for_redistribution folder, the for_redistribution_files_only folder does not include an installer executable. Users need to manually handle the deployment and execution of the application.
This folder is useful only when the target machine already have MATLAB Compiler Runtime (MCR) installed. Users can manually copy the contents of this folder to a target machine and run the application without going through an installation process. Otherwise user needs to install MyAppInstaller_mcr from for_redistribution folder.
The for_redistribution_files_only folder includes:
• AInsectID.exe: This executable is the compiled version of MATLAB application. Users can manually copy the AInsectID.exe to a target machine and run the application without a formal installation process, if the MATLAB Compiler Runtime (MCR) or MATLAB is already installed in the target machine. This exe file encapsulates the compiled version of MATLAB code and additional files required for the application to run, such as data files, configuration files, or other dependencies.
• Code files: CNN0.mlapp, CNN1.mlapp, CNN2.mlapp, CNN3.mlapp, CNN4.mlapp, CNN5.mlapp, CNN5A.mlapp, and CNN6.mlapp are MATLAB app designer code file. These files contain codes and documentations required to design application.
• readme.txt: It is a text file that typically contains important information about application. The README file provides essential details about the software, such as how to install and run the software, key features, dependencies, and any other relevant information.
• Splash.png: It is an image that represents software logo.
3. for_testing:
The for_testing contains AInsectID.exe files to test application. The folder contains all the intermediate and final artifacts such as binaries, JAR files, header files, and source files for a specific target. The final artifacts created during the packaging process are the same files as described in for_redistribution_files_only Folder.
• mccExcludedFiles.log: In MATLAB Compiler, the mccExcludedFiles configuration option is used to specify files that
should be excluded from the compilation process when creating a standalone executable. This option is particularly useful when there are files in MATLAB software that are not intended to be included in the compiled application. The list of files specified in mccExcludedFiles excluded from the generated standalone executable
CLAW: a Phase Differentiation and Biomechanical Modeling Software for Animal Claws
Full text linkCLAW is a software that provides an integrated platform for the high-resolution phase differentiation (material differentiation), and biomechanical modeling of animal claws. The workflow begins by converting two-dimensional (2D) DICOM slices from computer tomography (CT) scans into a three-dimensional (3D) volumetric model. From this 3D volume, users can perform segmentation to differentiate between regions of alpha-keratin, beta-keratin, and bone. Based on the segmented volume, the software enables the creation of single-material and composite-material meshes using 3D Delaunay tetrahedralization, based on machine learning to generate accurate surface, voxel, and volumetric meshes. After meshing, users can assign material properties (currently limited to a single material) to the whole claw, and perform finite element–based stress analysis under different loading conditions. The workflow ensures high geometric fidelity and supports the reproducible modeling of complex biological structures
Raw Data for: Mode III tear resistance of Bombyx mori silk cocoons
No full textRaw Data for the published article: Mode III tear resistance of Bombyx mori silk cocoons. PAPER ABSTRACT: This paper concerns the tear properties and behavior of Bombyx mori (B. Mori) silk cocoons. The tear resistance of cocoon layers is found to increase progressively from the innermost layer to the outermost layer. Importantly, the increase in tear strength correlates with increased porosity, which itself affects fiber mobility. We propose a microstructural mechanism for tear failure, which begins with fiber stretching and sliding, leading to fiber piling, and eventuating in fiber fracture. The direction of fracture is then deemed to be a function of the orientation of piled fibers, which is influenced by the presence of junctions where fibers cross at different angles and which may then act as nucleating sites for fiber piling. The interfaces between cocoon wall layers in B. mori cocoon walls account for 38% of the total wall tear strength. When comparing the tear energies and densities of B. mori cocoon walls against other materials, we find that the B. mori cocoon walls exhibit a balanced trade-off between tear resistance and lightweightness
AInsectID Version 1.1 - a free to use species identification, image analysis and colour mapping software
No full textAInsectID Version 1.1 is a heavily updated and improved version of AInsectID. It is a GUI based software that with this new (v1.1) release, can be used to identify (currently 150) insect species. The software can also be used for color processing and for the analysis of insect body parts such as wings, and additionally includes a simple image analysis giving users the flexibility to both automatically and manually quantify the geometrical features within the image. In a world bustling with diverse insect species, accurate identification is important. This software uses AI to revolutionize the way we identify insects with up to 99.64% accuracy (determined through validation testing). AInsectID represents a significant leap forward in insect species identification. Traditional methods require any of: specialized taxonomical knowledge, time-consuming morphological and geographical characterization methods, genetic barcoding expertise, or even in some cases, destructive sampling. With AInsectID Version 1.1, machine learning and deep learning algorithms are used to identify and classify insect species based on their morphological features, This process is fast, highly accurate, and is now freely accessible to a broader audience. This is a software that we will continue to update over time, this is our second release, Version 1.1. The dataset contains free to use software developed at The University of Edinburgh entitled AInsectID Version 1.1. The software comes with the following functionality: (1) Insect species identification (2) image analysis and morphometric analysis tools (3) colour mapping and colour manipulation tools. This is the second release of this software. A user manual is provided with the software
The influence of claw morphology on gripping efficiency
No full textThe dataset relates to the paper Graham Turnbull, Sutejas Chari, Zehao Li, Ziyue Yang, Catharina Maria Alam, Christofer J. Clemente, Parvez Alam (2023). "The influence of claw morphology on gripping efficiency". Biology Open (DOI: 10.1242/bio.059874). The paper considers the effects of claw morphology on the gripping efficiency of arboreal (V. varius) and burrowing (V. gouldii and V. panoptes) lizards. To ensure a purely morphological comparison between the lizards, we circumvent the material effects of claws from different species, by modelling and testing claw replicates of the same material properties. We correlate climbing efficiency to critical morphological features including; claw height (hc), width (wc), length (lc), curvature (∠C) and tip angle (γ), which are expressed as ratios to normalise mechanically beneficial claw structures. We find that there is strong correlation between the static grip force Fsg and the claw aspect and the cross-sectional rigidity ratio , and milder correlation (i.e. higher scatter) with the profile rigidity ratio . These correlations are also true for the interlocking grip force Fint over different shaped and sized protuberances, though we note that certain protuberance size-shape couplings are of detriment to the repeatability of Fint. Of the three lizard species, the claws of the arboreal (V. varius) are found to be superior to those of the burrower lizards (V. gouldii and V. panoptes) as a result of the V. varius claws having a smaller aspect, a higher corss-sectional rigidity ratio and a small profile rigidity ratio, which are deemed noteworthy morphological parameters that influence a claw's ability to grip effectively. The research was funded by the ARC discovery grant (grant numbers: DP180100220 - awarded to Dr. Christofer Clemente, USC, Australia)
EdFoil: an open-source software enabling faster geometrical modelling of composite blades.
No full textSetting up a numerical model is often the most time-consuming stage of any analysis. Preparing the geometry, applying material definitions, and defining boundary conditions can take considerably longer than running the simulation itself. This user guide introduces the \EdFoil framework designed to accelerate the modelling process for composite blades. By automating the generation of airfoils, stations, and laminate sections, the tool aims to reduce setup time and ensure consistency across different models. In addition, it takes advantage of modern computing hardware, allowing engineers and researchers to start modelling full three-dimensional composite blades more efficiently than with traditional two-dimensional workflows. EdFoil is built with Qt, the C++ framework for software development
The puncture resistance of Bombyx mori silk cocoons (Data)
No full textData for the paper "The puncture resistance of Bombyx mori silk cocoons", the abstract for which follows: This paper considers the puncture resistance of both Bombyx mori full cocoons (FC) and cocoon wall cutouts (CWC) subjected to the conditions of dynamic and static loading. The behaviour of both FC and CWC was characterised by assessment of deflection, needle penetration, and perforation. The apparent cocoon area was found to reduce linearly during puncture, reaching 8.3% of its initial value (
0.05), with 89% of the puncture sabot kinetic energy dissipated during penetration, demonstrating efficiency in energy absorption. Strain measurements reveal equatorial strain to be 0.16 while meridional strains are measured at 0.01. Auxetic behaviour is noted to occur along the meridional axis of full cocoons with a Poisson’s ratio recorded at -0.004. Comparing this to the equatorial Poisson’s ratio of 0.11 in full cocoons, highlights anisotropy of the cocoons. The uniform geometry of the needle radially distributes load. Although puncture strengths do not differ statistically, static tests reveal distinct force–displacement behaviours, with FC materials exhibiting ductile toughening prior to failure, and CWC materials linearly strain stiffening prior to brittle rupture. Failure initiates via interlaminar shear from sericin bond cracking, which progresses due to fibre displacement and stretching, culminating in rupture propagation while opposing compressive forces induce frictional and tensile fibre failure. These findings elucidate the cocoon’s adaptive defence strategies, offering potential insights for bioinspired puncture-resistant materials.Excel file containing data for Box plots comparing (a) puncture forces and (b) puncture strengths, between FC and CWC, presented in Figure 6 of the related paper, specifically: Puncture force and puncture strength.xls
Excel file containing continuous data for the stab force against needle displacement for Bombyx mori cocoon wall (CWC) and the full cocoon (FC), presented in Figure 7 of the related paper, specifically: Comparison of needle puncture force.xls
Excel file containing raw data for the dimensional changes in Bombyx mori cocoons along with their standard deviations concerning Figures 9(a-d) of the related paperand changes in normalised area of the full cocoon, Figure 9(e-f), specifically: Dimensional changes.xls
Excel file containing data for the comparison of knife stab and needle puncture static and dynamic force and strength, Figure 12 of the related paper, specifically: Static vs dynamic for stab and puncture.xl
The Stab Resistance of Bombyx Mori Silk Cocoons (Data)
No full textData related to the paper "The Stab Resistance of Bombyx Mori Silk Cocoons", the abstract for which follows: This study considers the mechanical response of Bombyx mori silk cocoons to knife stabbing, a simple but controlled way of simulating predaceous penetration. Here, we stab test both entire cocoons (EC) and cocoon wall segments (CWS) statically and dynamically, and note that the process can be broken down in three stages. The first stage involves material deflection, the second is knife penetration, and the third is knife perforation. It is found that ca. 95 % of the kinetic energy is lost during the penetration stage. There are noticeable differences in strain between the equatorial (
= 13 %) and meridional (
= 1.5 %) directions before and after the stabbing of EC specimens (p <0.001). The apparent area of the cocoon is noted to be on average 7 % lower after stabbing than it is prior to being stabbed (p <0.01). It is found that while compression of the cocoon from stabbing results in equatorial expansion (with a Poisson's ratio, ν = 0.25), in the meridional direction the cocoon contracts (ν = -0.05) thus displaying auxetic behavior. Force-deflection curves are different in CWS specimens as compared to EC specimens, and this is attributable to natural curvatures in CWS specimens remaining even after a being flattened for mounting and testing. Differences between EC and CWS specimens are also noticeable in the sizes of the stab footprints, with EC samples exhibiting 33 % smaller footprints than CWS samples (p < 0.001). It is concluded that testing whole cocoon structures provides a more accurate understanding of their properties as compared to cut and flattened structures. This is because flattening cocoon wall specimens induces delamination and multiple failure zones, reducing the natural stab resistance of the material.Excel file containing stress-strain data from tensile testing of the Bombyx mori cocoon wall:
Stress-strain data.xls
Excel file containing raw data for the dimensional changes in Bombyx mori cocoons along with their standard deviations and changes in normalised area of full cocoons:
Dimensional changes.xls
Excel file containing data for the stab force comparison of Bombyx mori cocoon wall and the entire cocoon:
Stab force comparison.xls
Excel file containing continuous force-displacement data from the Instron testing, presenting a comparison of the Bombyx mori cocoon wall and the entire cocoon:
Stab force against displacement.xls
Excel file containing data for the comparison of knife stab footprint for the static and dynamic testing:
Stab footprint area EC vs CWS.xl
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