7 research outputs found
Association between early maternal depression and child growth: A group-based trajectory modeling analysis
No full textChildhood overweight and obesity have become a primary social and public health concern. Over the past 30 years, rates of childhood overweight and obesity in the United States have increased dramatically from 6% to 32%. Childhood obesity is also a health equity issue: overweight and obesity disproportionately affect more low-income and minority children than White and middle class children. A potential risk factor of interest is maternal depression. To date, there are mixed findings available on the association between maternal depression and childhood obesity development. To address these gaps in the literature, this study used innovative statistical techniques to explore: 1) The association between maternal depression at age 1 and/or age 3 and childhood obesity longitudinally; 2) The association between child-level factors (sleep, television viewing, outdoor play, and dietary intake) and at-risk growth trajectories from birth to age 9; 3) The association between clan-level factors (maternal involvement and breastfeeding duration) and at-risk growth trajectories from birth to age 9; 4) Differences in growth trajectory solutions by race/ethnicity; and 5) Common and unique risk factors that predict at-risk growth among children from different racial/ethnic groups.
This study used data from the Fragile Families Child Well Being Study (FFCWS) to investigate the research questions. FFCWS is a national dataset that has information on 4,898 women from predominantly non-marital, low-income, minority groups in the United States. This study used information collected at the birth of the child (wave 1) through age 9 (wave 5). The analytic sample consisted of 3,500 mother-children dyads. Group-based trajectory modeling, general linear models, and multivariable logistic regression were used to test the different research questions in the full sample and the stratified sample by race/ethnicity.
The results indicated that there was no association between maternal depression and childhood obesity development in this sample of low-income and mostly minority participants. Only maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and number of biological children were significant predictors of at-risk growth trajectories in the full sample. It was also found that there group-trajectory solutions were different based on race/ethnicity. Specifically, a three-group trajectory solution was found for the full sample and for the sample of White children. Among the samples of Black and Latino children, a two-group trajectory solution was found. The most worrisome results were found among Latino children who showed a rapid BMI z-score increase from birth until age 5, which placed them at an increased risk of overweight/obesity during early childhood. Also, child-level and clan-level factors were found to be associated differently with at-risk group membership by race/ethnicity. Suggestions for designing childhood obesity prevention interventions based on research are discussed. Implications for theory, policy, and future research are identified.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2020-05-01The student, Maria Pineros Leano, accepted the attached license on 2018-04-17 at 12:00.The student, Maria Pineros Leano, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2018-04-17 at 12:10.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2018-04-17 at 14:28.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12306 on 2018-08-31 at 17:29:27Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:47:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2018-04-17Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107417
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International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research Assessment the Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Sudanese patients with Sickle Cell Anemia; Khartoum, Sudan
No full textAbstract Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of genetic blood disorders characterized by a single point mutation i
Author Correction: Convergence of TGFβ and BMP signaling in regulating human bone marrow stromal cell differentiation
No full textCorrection to: Scientific Reports, published online 21 March 2019 This Article contains errors. In Figure 6C the OS image for SCR siRNA is incorrectly duplicated as the Figure 8C OS image for CNT. The correct Figure 8 and its accompanying legend appear below. (Figure presented.) Effect of exogenous BMP4 on osteoblastic and adipocytic differentiation of hBMSC−Bone cells. (a) Quantification of cell viability of hBMSC–Bone cells in the presence or absence of recombinant BMP4. (b) qRT-PCR quantification for TAGLN, TPM1, and Col1A2 in hBMSC−Bone cells in the presence or absence of recombinant BMP4. The expression of each target gene was normalized to GAPDH. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments, n = 9; ***p < 0.0005. (c) OsteoImage™ staining (20× magnification) of hBMSC−Bone cells which were induced into the osteoblast in the presence or absence of recombinant BMP4. The lower panel shows Alizarin Red S staining. The quantification of mineralized matrix formation for vehicle or recombinant BMP4-treated hBMSC−Bone cells is shown (right panel). Data are presented as relative mean mineralization ± SD from three independent experiments, n = 9; *p < 0.0005. (d) qRT-PCR quantification of ALPL, OCN, ON, and COL1A1 osteogenic markers in hBMSC−Bone cells in the presence or absence of recombinant BMP4 under osteogenic induction conditions. The expression of each target gene was normalized to GAPDH. Data are presented as the means ± SD from three independent experiments, n = 9; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.0005. (e) hBMSC−Bone cells were differentiated into adipocytes for 7 days under the indicated experimental conditions. Upper panel shows fluorescence Nile red staining of mature oil filled adipocytes (20× magnification), whilst the lower panel shows Oil red O staining for adipocytes (20× magnification). The lower panel shows the relative quantification of Nile red staining of mature oil-filled adipocytes. (f) qRT-PCR quantification for LPL and CEBPA adipocytic markers. The expression of each target gene was normalized to GAPDH. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments, n = 9; **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.0005. (g) Schematic model illustrating the convergence of BMP and TGFβ in regulating hBMSC differentiation.</p
Nurse Practitioner: Is It Time to Have a Role in Saudi Arabia?
No full textLow recruitment of Saudi nationals into the nursing profession, coupled with a growing population, has led to a severe nursing shortage in Saudi Arabia, particularly of nurses with advanced qualifications in clinical nursing. While the role of nurse practitioner has been successfully integrated into the healthcare systems of the U.S., Canada, the UK and Australia for decades, the advanced practice registered nurse (APRN), which includes nurse practitioners and clinical nursing specialists, is still not being implemented effectively in Saudi Arabia due to a variety of regulatory, institutional and cultural barriers. The author looks at some of those barriers and offers recommendations of how they might be overcome. Given that in many parts of the world, nurse practitioners are considered an essential component to meeting healthcare demands, the author considers the question of whether APRNs can find a role in Saudi Arabia’s healthcare system
Prevalence of and risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in Saudi Arabia: a pilot cross-sectional study
No full textObjectives: To determine the prevalence of and the risk factors for Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in a primary health care
setting in Saudi Arabia. Methods: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study
of Saudi patients aged >45 years, who attended the primary health care center at King Khalid University Hospital between
February 2006 and March 2006. A pre-designed questionnaire was used for each patient. Peripheral arterial disease was diagnosed, if the Ankle-Brachial index by Doppler were <0.90 and if the patient had signs or symptoms suggestively for PAD. Prevalence was estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and multivariable logistics regression analyses were preformed to identify factors associated with PAD. Results: A total of 471 patients were recruited. The mean age was 56 years and 32.3% were women. The prevalence of PAD was 11.7% (95% CI: 8.9-14.9%), and 92.7% of them were asymptomatic. Patients with PAD were slightly older than patients without PAD, suffered more often from diabetes, hypertension, lipid disorders, smoking, cerebrovascular event, and coronary artery disease. Conclusion: Prevalence of and risk factors for PAD in Saudi Arabia seem to be higher. A nationwide screening program is needed to confirm these results.Corresponding Author:
Dr. Mohammed Al-Omran, Division
of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, PO
Box 7805 (37), Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia. Email: [email protected]
Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to animals: An updated review
No full textCOVID-19 caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in Wuhan (Hubei province, China) during late 2019. It has spread across the globe affecting nearly 21 million people with a toll of 0.75 million deaths and restricting the movement of most of the world population during the past 6 months. COVID-19 became the leading health, economic, and humanitarian challenge of the twenty-first century. In addition to the considerable COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in humans, several cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections in animal hosts (dog, cat, tiger, lion, and mink) have been reported. Thus, the concern of pet owners is increasing. Moreover, the dynamics of the disease requires further explanation, mainly concerning the transmission of the virus from humans to animals and vice versa. Therefore, this study aimed to gather information about the reported cases of COVID-19 transmission in animals through a literary review of works published in scientific journals and perform genomic and phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from animal hosts. Although many instances of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 have been reported, caution and further studies are necessary to avoid the occurrence of maltreatment in animals, and to achieve a better understanding of the dynamics of the disease in the environment, humans, and animals. Future research in the animal-human interface can help formulate and implement preventive measures to combat the further transmission of COVID-19. © 2020 The Author(s)
Outcomes Following Vascular and Endovascular Procedures Performed During the First COVID-19 Pandemic Wave
No full textObjective: The first COVID-19 pandemic wave was a period of reduced surgical activity and redistribution of resources to only those with late stage or critical presentations. This Vascular and Endovascular Research Network COVID-19 Vascular Service (COVER) study aimed to describe the six-month outcomes of patients who underwent open surgery and or endovascular interventions for major vascular conditions during this period. Methods: In this international, multicentre, prospective, observational study, centres recruited consecutive patients undergoing vascular procedures over a 12-week period. The study opened in March 2020 and closed to recruitment in August 2020. Patient demographics, procedure details, and post-operative outcomes were collected on a secure online database. The reported outcomes at 30 days and six months were post-operative complications, re-interventions, and all cause in-hospital mortality rate. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with six-month mortality rate. Results: Data were collected on 3 150 vascular procedures, including 1 380 lower limb revascularisations, 609 amputations, 403 aortic, 289 carotid, and 469 other vascular interventions. The median age was 68 years (interquartile range 59, 76), 73.5% were men, and 1.7% had confirmed COVID-19 disease. The cumulative all cause in-hospital, 30-day, and six-month mortality rates were 9.1%, 10.4%, and 12.8%, respectively. The six-month mortality rate was 32.1% (95% CI 24.2-40.8%) in patients with confirmed COVID-19 compared with 12.0% (95% CI 10.8-13.2%) in those without. After adjustment, confirmed COVID-19 was associated with a three times higher odds of six-month death (adjusted OR 3.25, 95% CI 2.18-4.83). Increasing ASA grade (3-5 vs. 1-2), frailty scores 4-9, diabetes mellitus, and urgent and or immediate procedures were also independently associated with increased odds of death by six months, while statin use had a protective effect. Conclusion: During the first wave of the pandemic, the six-month mortality rate after vascular and endovascular procedures was higher compared with historic pre-pandemic studies and associated with COVID-19 disease. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society for Vascular Surgery. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
