87 research outputs found
An analysis of drivers of seawater temperature in Kuwait Bay, Arabian Gulf
No full textKuwait Bay presents a unique ecosystem and a significant nursery ground for many fish and shrimp species. In the last three decades, the bay has been under pressure from urbanization as well as from development from the entire region of the Arabian Gulf. Seawater temperature has an important impact on the marine environment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the drivers of seawater temperature in Kuwait Bay over the last two decades. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat satellites images were used to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Arabian Gulf and Kuwait Bay. Hourly temperature measurements collected during the winter, 2007 and summer, 2008 were used to define the vertical temperature gradient in the water column, sea-bed and the intertidal flats of Kuwait Bay. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometric (AVHRR) satellite data collected between 1985 and 2007 was also used to study the trends and drivers of increasing SST in Kuwait Bay over the last two decades.Satellite imaging showed that generally SST of Kuwait Bay is higher in the south than in the north. Highest SST was recorded near local human activities especially close to power and desalination plants due to thermal discharges. The field measurements showed that the water temperature is well-mixed in the bay. Seawater temperature reached 37 ºC in summer and dropped to 15.2 ºC in winter. Measurements beneath the sea-bed and within the intertidal flats showed that the temperature increased with depth in winter and decreased in summer. In winter, the sea-bed and intertidal flats are a source of heat to the water column, during summer the opposite is true. AVHRR data showed that the seawater temperature increased in Kuwait Bay by 0.62 (± 0.01)ºC/decade in the last two decades. This trend is three times greater than the global average. The defined trends were substantiated by routine in situ monthly measurements of SST made by the EPA in the bay, and were also similar in pattern and trend to air temperature recorded at Kuwait airport. Temperature trends have been affected by drivers, conveniently sub-divided into global (which contributes 37% of the change), regional (which contributes 50% of the change) and local (which contributes 13% of the change). SST measurements showed peaks in summer temperature coincident with El Niño events in 1998 and 2003. The measurements also showed a relatively-low summertime peak during 1991 in the aftermath of Iraqi invasion of Kuwait due to atmospheric dimming brought about by dense smoke that persisted in the region for most of that year. The long term trend also showed a drop in temperature after 2004 as a result of increasing dust storm frequency in the region. Air temperature was found to be the most dominant driver of seawater temperature in Kuwait Bay and operates at a regional scale. At the local scale the seawater temperature of Kuwait Bay is influenced by intertidal flat exposure time and the thermal discharge from power and desalination plants
Sea surface temperature trends in the coastal ocean
No full textSea surface temperature (SST) trends in the coastal zone are shown to be increasing at rates that exceed the global trends by up to an order of magnitude. This paper compiles some of the evidence of the trends published in the literature. The evidence suggests that urbanization in the coastal hinterland is having a direct effect on SST through increased temperatures of river and lake waters, as well as through heated run-off and thermal effluent discharges from coastal infrastructure. These local drivers of SST are compounded by regional drivers manifest as changing weather patterns (latent heat exchange) and direct radiative heating of shallow coastal waters (particularly in restricted embayments and seas). Thus the impact of urbanization on SST may extend well beyond the much-popularised impact of “greenhouse gasses”. The Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership Report [37] stated that our capacity to define and predict long-term coastal changes due to anthropogenic causes is “unknown” and confidence in results is “low”. This is a major barrier to planning for inevitable changes in coastal climate that are likely to take place over the coming decades
Sea surface temperature trends in Kuwait Bay, Arabian Gulf
No full textThe waters of Kuwait Bay, northern Arabian Gulf, are well mixed by macrotidal, semi-diurnal tides. Sea surface temperature (SST) is thus a good proxy of water mass temperature in the bay. The factors governing SST have been conveniently sub-divided into global, regional and local drivers. This paper provides a study on long-term drivers of temperature change in the northern Arabian Gulf: that is, factors that influence decadal changes. AVHRR (NOAA) satellite data of Kuwait Bay, collected between 1985 and 2002, show that SST has steadily increased at a rate of 0.6 (±0.3)°C/decade. This trend was three times greater than the concurrent global average. The rate of change was greatest in May and June and least during winter months. The trends defined by satellite data were substantiated by routine in situ monthly measurements of SST made in the region and were also similar to air temperature trends recorded at Kuwait airport. The monthly measurements of SST also showed a peak in summer temperature coincident with an El Niño event in 1998. A relatively low summertime peak during 1991 in the aftermath of Iraqi invasion of Kuwait is considered to be the result of atmospheric dimming brought about by dense smoke that persisted in the region for most of that year
sj-docx-1-jicm-10.1177_08850666211053548 - Supplemental material for The Role of Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Multicenter, Cohort Study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-jicm-10.1177_08850666211053548 for The Role of Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Multicenter, Cohort Study by Khalid Al Sulaiman, Ohoud Aljuhani, Kholoud Al Aamer, Omar Al Shaya, Abdulrahman Al Shaya, Alawi S. Alsaeedi, Alaa Alhubaishi, Ali F. Altebainawi, Alaa Al Harthi, Shorouq Albelwi, Rahaf Almutairi, Norah Alsubaie, Alanoud Alsallum, Ghazwa B. Korayem, Amjaad Alfahed, Raed Kensara, Elaf F. Altebainawi, Raghdah S. Alenezi, Thamer Alsulaiman, Huda Al Enazi, Ramesh Vishwakarma, Tarek Al Dabbagh, Umar Bakhsh and Ghassan Al Ghamdi in Journal of Intensive Care Medicine</p
Utilization of remotely sensed data to detect anthropogenic impacts on sea surface temperature of Kuwait Bay, Kuwait
No full textNahrwan Clays Study for Brick Industry
No full textNahrawan clay deposits lies in Diyala governorate , 65 Km, NE of Baghdad , according to the previous work in this field, in which they study the reserve belong to category of investigation ( C2 & C1 ) , we choice the proper area to investigation of category (B) with drill net( 200x 200m ) to rise the amount of reserve.
The investigation work included drilling (116) boreholes of total depth ranges from (10.0-12.55m) , showed mainly clayey and silty deposits with little sand , and the typical borehole (648) represents all types of sediment in the area , and most of boreholes without sandy deposits , and all of these deposits is Quaternary sediment which is consist of two main sedimentary cycles ( the Pleistocene & Holocene ) .
Chemical analysis for (343) samples were done , and physical test carried on ( 143 ) samples , and all show suitable properties for clay brick industry . the area of investigation covered ( 5.200.000 m2) involving ( 620.000 m2 ) containing soluble salt more than ( 3.5%) , which was separated from the total area , so the residual (4.580.000m2 ) had been taken to calculate the reserve , with depth of ( 10.76m) for the industrial clay bed .
The reserve calculations depended on the following chemical & physical Properties:
The chemical analysis shows that , CaO ( 16.53%) MgO ( 4.65% ) ,
SO3 ( 1.42%) , T.S.S. (2.42%) , the physical properties are unfired properties Which contains Bulk density ( 2.09gm/cm3) , moisture content (20.95%) , linear dry shri. (7.63%) , and fired properties which contain water absorption (18.8%) , linear shri. (0.8%) volume shri. (2.212% ) , compressive strength ( 468.606Kg/cm2) .
So the reserve of category (B) is ( 49.280. 800 m3 ) or (102.966.000 Ton) the physical test showed that the brick classified into class (A-B)
Gibberellic Acid and Silicon Ameliorate NaCl Toxicity in Brassica juncea: Possible Involvement of Antioxidant System and Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle
No full textThis work was carried out to observe the combined impact of exogenous applications of Gibberellic acid (GA3) and Silicon (Si) on Brassica juncea under salt (NaCl) stress. Application of GA3 and Si enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities of (APX, CAT, GR, SOD) in B. juncea seedlings under NaCl toxicity. The exogenous Si application decreased Na+ uptake and enhanced the K+ and Ca2+ in salt stressed B. juncea. Moreover, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), Chlorophyll-b (Chl-b), total chlorophyll (T-Chl), carotenoids and relative water content (RWC) in the leaves declined under salt stress, which were ameorialated after GA3 and Si supplementation individually and in combination. Further, the introduction of Si to NaCl treated B. juncea help in alleviating the negative effects of NaCl toxicity on biomass and biochemical activities. The levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increase significantly with NaCl treatments, subsequently resulting in enhanced peroxidation of membrane lipids (MDA) and electrolyte leakage (EL). The reduced levels of H2O2 and enhanced antioxidantactivities in Si and GA3 supplemented plants demonstrated the stress mitigating efficiency. In conclusion, it was observed that Si and GA3 application alleviated NaCl toxicity in B. juncea plants through enhanced production of different osmolytes and an antioxidant defence mechanism
The artist speaks: the interview as documentation
No full textNearly every exhibition catalogue now contains an interview with, or related statement by, the artist. How and why did this become the norm? The increasing popularity of the artist's words is traced back in this article to its roots in Romanticism, the rise of the mass media and the cult of the avant-garde artist. The value and reliability of the transcribed and printed words is questioned and a bibliography of published interviews with artists follows
Moderate alcohol consumption alters both leucocyte gene expression profiles and circulating proteins related to immune response and lipid metabolism in men
No full textModerate alcohol consumption has various effects on immune and inflammatory processes, which could accumulatively modulate chronic disease risk. So far, no comprehensive, integrative profiling has been performed to investigate the effects of longer-term alcohol consumption. Therefore, we studied the effects of alcohol consumption on gene expression patterns using large-scale profiling of whole-genome transcriptomics in blood cells and on a number of proteins in blood. In a randomised, open-label, cross-over trial, twenty-four young, normal-weight men consumed 100 ml vodka (30 g alcohol) with 200 ml orange juice or only orange juice daily during dinner for 4 weeks. After each period, blood was sampled for measuring gene expression and selected proteins. Pathway analysis of 345 down-regulated and 455 up-regulated genes revealed effects of alcohol consumption on various signalling responses, immune processes and lipid metabolism. Among the signalling processes, the most prominently changed was glucocorticoid receptor signalling. A network on immune response showed a down-regulated NF-¿B gene expression together with increased plasma adiponectin and decreased pro-inflammatory IL-1 receptor antagonist and IL-18, and acute-phase proteins ferritin and a1-antitrypsin concentrations (all P <0·05) after alcohol consumption. Furthermore, a network of gene expression changes related to lipid metabolism was observed, with a central role for PPARa which was supported by increased HDL-cholesterol and several apo concentrations (all P <0·05) after alcohol consumption. In conclusion, an integrated approach of profiling both genes and proteins in blood showed that 4 weeks of moderate alcohol consumption altered immune responses and lipid metabolis
A Diminish the chances of Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata eggs surviving by suppressing the expression of the heat shock protein 27 gene (Hsp27).
No full textThe hypothesized role of stress-inducible heat shock proteins is to act as a buffer against environmental variations and affect fitness in suboptimal conditions. Our study examining the functions of heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) in the eggs of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata). We utilized double-stranded RNA, specifically targeting the Hsp27 gene, to reduce its expression and assessed the consequent impact on egg viability. The investigation included the examination of early eggs (less than 6 hours post-laying) and late eggs (more than 42 hours post-laying), using varying concentrations (0.02, 0.1, and 0.2 µg/µL) of Hsp27 dsRNA. Control groups of eggs were dsRNA of ATPase, Cctra-2, or phosphate buffer solution (ph-B-S). Down-regulating Hsp27 dsRNA reduced the hatching rate of the eggs compared to the hatching rate in the control groups, especially in the ph-B-S group. The early eggs were more affected than the late eggs after soaking with Hsp27 dsRNA, where the Hsp27 dsRNA decreased the hatching rates to 12.91% early. The tested concentration of 0.2 µg/µL of Hsp27 dsRNA was achieved with the most significant reduction of 2.75 in egg viability. The sex ratio of insects hatched from treated eggs was investigated after hatching. After the down-regulation of Hsp27, there was no significant effect of the Hsp27 down-regulation on the sex ratio
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