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Morphology and Phylogeny of a New Frontonia Ciliate, F. paramagna spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Peniculida) from Harbin, Northeast China
No full textChen, Ying, Zhao, Yan, Pan, Xuming, Ding, Wenqiao, Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S., Qiu, Zijian (2014): Morphology and Phylogeny of a New Frontonia Ciliate, F. paramagna spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Peniculida) from Harbin, Northeast China. Zootaxa 3827 (3): 375-386, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3827.3.
Characterization of the macronuclear and micronuclear pheromone genes of Euplotes raikovi reveals the origin of the mating type genetic diversity
No full textCiliates produce diffusible, cell-type-specific pheromones to regulate growth and mating. In Euplotes, these signaling molecules belong to species-specific families of disulfide-rich and structurally homologous proteins. Pheromones are co-dominantly expressed by genes in the somatic macronucleus (MAC), whereas their allelic diversity originates from the mating type locus in the germline micronucleus (MIC). During MAC development in sexual process, the MIC-derived diversity of specific alleles is rearranged via macronucleus-destined sequences (MDSs) assembly. While many MAC pheromones are well characterized, their MIC precursors and rearrangement process remain unknown. Here, we identified two MAC pheromone genes (mac-er-13/14) of E. raikovi, and two MIC regions (19 kb in total) containing 10 MDSs that assemble into mac-er-13. These MDSs are separated by internal eliminated sequences (234-3345 bp). The shortest MDSs (9-36 bp) encode the secreted region of pheromone, while longer MDSs (44-419 bp) encode other regions. Considering that the secreted regions show a higher sequence variation and the shorter MDSs have higher probability of alternative processing or imprecise assembly, we hypothesize that the high sequence variability of the macronuclear pheromone genes, which underlies the large number of mating types in E. raikovi, may result from alternative processing or imprecise assembly of these short MDSs
FIGURE 11 in Taxonomic studies on three marine species of Frontonia from northern China: F. didieri n. sp., F. multinucleata n. sp. and F. tchibisovae Burkovsky, 1970 (Ciliophora: Peniculida)
No full textFIGURE 11. Small subunit rRNA gene sequence of Frontonia lynni (F. l y n n i) aligned with the sequence of F. d i d i e r i (F. didieri) and F. tchibisovae (F. t c h i b i s o.). Numbers at the end of lines indicate the number of nucleotides. The differences in sequence length were compensated for by introducing alignment gaps (-) in the sequences. Matched sites are marked with dots.Published as part of Long, Hongan, Song, Weibo, Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S. & Wang, Yangang, 2008, Taxonomic studies on three marine species of Frontonia from northern China: F. didieri n. sp., F. multinucleata n. sp. and F. tchibisovae Burkovsky, 1970 (Ciliophora: Peniculida), pp. 35-50 in Zootaxa 1687 on page 49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18052
FIGURE 3 in Morphology and Phylogeny of a New Frontonia Ciliate, F. paramagna spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Peniculida) from Harbin, Northeast China
No full textFIGURE 3. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (A, B, F, G, H) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (C–E). A. SEM photograph of a typical individual. B. Arrowhead shows the buccal field. C, F. Arrowhead shows the spindle-shaped trichocyst. D. Arrowhead shows the mucocyst. E. Arrowhead shows another type of trichocyst. G. Arrowheads show the fibre layers. H. Arrowheads show the vestibular kineties (VK) and the columnar structure. Scale bars in (A) =20µm; in (B) =6µm; in Fig (C, D) = 0.3µm; in Fig. (E, F) =1µm; in Fig. G = 2µm; in Fig. H = 4µm.Published as part of Chen, Ying, Zhao, Yan, Pan, Xuming, Ding, Wenqiao, Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S. & Qiu, Zijian, 2014, Morphology and Phylogeny of a New Frontonia Ciliate, F. paramagna spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Peniculida) from Harbin, Northeast China, pp. 375-386 in Zootaxa 3827 (3) on page 380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3827.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/22517
FIGURE 1 in Morphology and Phylogeny of a New Frontonia Ciliate, F. paramagna spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Peniculida) from Harbin, Northeast China
No full textFIGURE 1. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from life (A, B, C, E) and after staining with silver carbonate (D, F–H). A. Ventral view of a typical individual, arrow refers to contractile vacuole. B. Lateral view. C. Different body shapes. D. Ventral views showing arrangement of extrusomes, sutures and contractile vacuole. E. Three types of extrusomes. F, G. Infraciliature of ventral and dorsal side. H. Structure of oral apparatus. Scale bars in (A, B, F, G) = 200 µm. AS, anterior suture; CV, contractile vacuole; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; Ma, macronucleus; P1–3, peniculus 1, 2, 3; PK, postoral kineties; PM, paroral membrane; PS, postoral suture; VK, vestibular kineties.Published as part of Chen, Ying, Zhao, Yan, Pan, Xuming, Ding, Wenqiao, Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S. & Qiu, Zijian, 2014, Morphology and Phylogeny of a New Frontonia Ciliate, F. paramagna spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Peniculida) from Harbin, Northeast China, pp. 375-386 in Zootaxa 3827 (3) on page 378, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3827.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/22517
Glauconema Thompson 1966
No full textGenus Glauconema Thompson, 1966 An improved diagnosis for Glauconema is here supplied based on the original description and on data obtained during the present study. Improved diagnosis: Polymorphic Parauronematidae with trophont, tomite and cyst stages; oral area equatorially located: membranelles 1 and 2 (M 1, M 2) highly developed, closely opposed in trophont while well separated in tomite; membrane 3 (M 3) significantly smaller than M 1 and M 2; paroral membrane positioned midway to the right of M 2. Type species: Glauconema trihymene Thompson, 1966.Published as part of Ma, Hongwei, Song, Weibo, Warren, Alan, Roberts, David, Gong, Jun & Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S., 2006, Redescription of the marine scuticociliate Glauconema trihymene Thompson, 1966 (Protozoa: Ciliophora): life cycle and stomatogenesis, pp. 1-17 in Zootaxa 1296 on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17355
FIGURES 23–31 in Redescription of the marine scuticociliate Glauconema trihymene Thompson, 1966 (Protozoa: Ciliophora): life cycle and stomatogenesis
No full textFIGURES 23–31. Transformation from trophont to tomite in Glauconema trihymene. (23) Proliferation of paroral membrane to form an anarchic field (arrows). (24) Anarchic field forming several parts and the disappearance of M3 (arrows). (25) Anarchic field divides into two primordia: primordium of paroral membrane (priPM) and primordium of membranelles (priM) which comprises 5–6 stacked fields; parental M2 partially resorbed (arrows). (26) PriPM aligning into one line (arrowheads). (27–29) Proliferation of priPM and the resorption of membranelles (arrow). (30–31) Formation of three membranelles, arrow showing the anterior end of the paroral membrane. Scale bars = 20 m.Published as part of Ma, Hongwei, Song, Weibo, Warren, Alan, Roberts, David, Gong, Jun & Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S., 2006, Redescription of the marine scuticociliate Glauconema trihymene Thompson, 1966 (Protozoa: Ciliophora): life cycle and stomatogenesis, pp. 1-17 in Zootaxa 1296 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17355
FIGURE 3. Frontonia didieri n in Taxonomic studies on three marine species of Frontonia from northern China: F. didieri n. sp., F. multinucleata n. sp. and F. tchibisovae Burkovsky, 1970 (Ciliophora: Peniculida)
No full textFIGURE 3. Frontonia didieri n. sp. from living cells (A, B, E, I, J), after silver carbonate (G, H), silver nitrate (C, D, K) and protargol (F) impregnations. (A) Ventral view, to show the typical body shape. (B, G) Anterior ventral part. Note the buccal cavity (arrow) and the extrusomes (arrowheads) in B. (C) Ventral view of a specimen. (D) To show the silverline system, arrow marks the CVP. (E) A pressed cell filled with diatoms. (F) Oral apparatus. Arrows indicate the vestibular kineties, arrowheads mark the posterior ends of kinety rows in P1, while double-arrowheads refer to the paroral membrane. (H) The macronucleus. (I) Arrow marks the CVP. (J) To show the contractile vacuole and the collecting canals (arrowheads). (K) To show the detail of the structure of P3. Note the shortest (arrowhead), the median-long (doublearrowheads) and the longest rows (arrow). Scale bars in (C) = 30 µm; in (J) = 40 µm; in (E) = 50 µm; in (A) = 70 µm.Published as part of Long, Hongan, Song, Weibo, Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S. & Wang, Yangang, 2008, Taxonomic studies on three marine species of Frontonia from northern China: F. didieri n. sp., F. multinucleata n. sp. and F. tchibisovae Burkovsky, 1970 (Ciliophora: Peniculida), pp. 35-50 in Zootaxa 1687 on page 40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18052
Figure 4 in Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three new oligotrich ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from the South China Sea
No full textFigure 4. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree inferred from small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequences indicating the phylogenetic positions of Parallelostrombidium obesum, Parallelostrombidium ellipticum, and Strombidium tropicum (orange dots). Numbers at the nodes represent support values in the following order: ML bootstrap values and Bayesian inference (BI) posterior probabilities. Nodes absent from one of the two phylogenies are indicated by a hyphen. The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per ten nucleotides.Published as part of <i>Liu, Weiwei, Yi, Zhenzhen, Lin, Xiaofeng, Li, Jiqiu, Al-Farraj, Saleh A., Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S. & Song, Weibo, 2015, Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three new oligotrich ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from the South China Sea, pp. 653-665 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 174 (4)</i> on page 662, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12257, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10107442">http://zenodo.org/record/10107442</a>
Figure 5 in Morphology and phylogeny of three trachelocercids (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Karyorelictea), with description of two new species and insight into the evolution of the family Trachelocercidae
No full textFigure 5. Trachelolophos binucleatus sp. nov. from life (A–F) and after protargol staining (G–M). A, typical individual; B, different body shape; C, slightly contracted cell; D, single nuclear group; E, F, small colourless cortical granules arranged in line between somatic kineties (arrowheads); G, general infraciliature, to show single nuclear group; H, two macronuclei forming a nuclear group; I–L, infraciliature of anterior end, indicating circumoral kinety, ciliary tuft, narrow glabrous stripe and bristle kinety; M, infraciliature of anterior portion, noting narrow glabrous stripe and anterior secant system forming on the left side of it (arrowheads). Abbreviations: BK, bristle kinety; CK, circumoral kinety; CT, ciliary tuft; GS, glabrous stripe; Ma, macronuclei; NG, nuclear group; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars: 400 μm in A–C; 200 μm in G.Published as part of Yan, Ying, Xu, Yuan, Al-Farraj, Saleh A., Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S. & Song, Weibo, 2016, Morphology and phylogeny of three trachelocercids (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Karyorelictea), with description of two new species and insight into the evolution of the family Trachelocercidae, pp. 306-319 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 177 (2) on page 313, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12364, http://zenodo.org/record/546060
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