31 research outputs found
Smoothness-Increasing Accuracy-Conserving (SIAC) Filtering for Discontinuous Galerkin Solutions: Improved Errors Versus Higher-Order Accuracy
No full textSmoothness-increasing accuracy-conserving (SIAC) filtering has demonstrated its effectiveness in raising the convergence rate of discontinuous Galerkin solutions from order k + 12 to order 2k + 1 for specific types of translation invariant meshes (Cockburn et al. in Math. Comput. 72:577–606, 2003; Curtis et al. in SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 30(1):272–289, 2007; Mirzaee et al. in SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 49:1899–1920, 2011). Additionally, it improves the weak continuity in the discontinuous Galerkin method to k ? 1 continuity. Typically this improvement has a positive impact on the error quantity in the sense that it also reduces the absolute errors. However, not enough emphasis has been placed on the difference between superconvergent accuracy and improved errors. This distinction is particularly important when it comes to understanding the interplay introduced through meshing, between geometry and filtering. The underlying mesh over which the DG solution is built is important because the tool used in SIAC filtering—convolution—is scaled by the geometric mesh size. This heavily contributes to the effectiveness of the post-processor. In this paper, we present a study of this mesh scaling and how it factors into the theoretical errors. To accomplish the large volume of post-processing necessary for this study, commodity streaming multiprocessors were used; we demonstrate for structured meshes up to a 50× speed up in the computational time over traditional CPU implementations of the SIAC filter.Delft Institute of Applied MathematicsElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Construction of a New Modified Nano-Composite Tm3+- Carbon Paste Electrode Based on N, N'-bis (pyridine-2-carboxamido)-2- aminobenzylamine
No full textHigh-Performance Ternary (4:2) Compressor Based on Capacitive Threshold Logic
No full textAbstract
This paper presents a ternary (4:2) compressor, which is an important component in multiplication. However, the structure differs from the binary counterpart since the ternary model does not require carry signals. The method of capacitive threshold logic (CTL) is used to achieve the output signals directly. Unlike the previously presented similar structure, the entire capacitor network is divided into two parts. This segregation results in higher reliability and robustness against unwanted process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations. Simulations are performed by HSPICE and 32nm CNFET technology. Simulation results demonstrate about 94% higher performance in terms of power-delay product (PDP) for the new design over the previous one.</jats:p
Evaluating validity of current criteria for judgment passing ER rotation among internee medical students
No full textИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ГЕОСТАЦИОНАРНОЙ ОРБИТЫ В СВЕТЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ "ОБЩЕЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСТВА" (МЕЖДУНАРОДНО-ПРАВОВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ)
No full textBackground/Objectives: since the geostationary orbit, is a limited resource located in the outer space, it seems necessary to regulate its use in order to avoid conflicts. In this article, the concept of common heritage of mankind will be examined as an instrument to address questions related to the fair use of this natural resource by developing and developed countries. Methods: the author used scientific methodological approach which facilitates determining the whole canvas of the research, identifying the main aspects and concepts of the study. The research used scientific methods of cognition, i.e. analysis, dialectics and synthesis, the method of generalization and system-structural method. Results: in this article, the author examines the concept of common heritage of mankind and its principles in the field of the geostationary orbit and presents a functional model to administer its affairs. Applications/Improvements: by declaring the geostationary orbit as common heritage of mankind, it would be possible to use them as an instrument to filling the gap between developing and developed countries concerning use of the orbit.Цели: поскольку геостационарная орбита является ограниченным ресурсом, который находится в космическом пространстве, то представляется необходимым регулировать его использование в соответствии с международным правом, чтобы избежать вероятных конфликтов. В этой статье понятие общего наследия человечества будет рассматриваться как инструмент для решения вопросов, связанных со справедливым использованием этого природного ресурса развивающимися и развитыми государствами. Методы: в статье использован научно-методический подход, который облегчает проведение всего исследования, выявляет основные аспекты и концепции исследования. В исследовании использовались научные методы познания: анализ, диалектика, синтез, метод обобщения и системно-структурный метод. Результаты: в этой статье автор рассмотрел концепцию общего наследия человечества, принципы реализации этой концепции и применил их к международно-правовому статусу геостационарной орбиты и предложил функциональную правовую модель решения существующей проблемы. Применимость: объявив геостационарную орбиту общим наследием человечества, можно было бы использовать ее мирным образом и развивающимися, и развитыми государствами мира
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ГЕОСТАЦИОНАРНОЙ ОРБИТЫ В СВЕТЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ "ОБЩЕЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСТВА" (МЕЖДУНАРОДНО-ПРАВОВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ)
No full textBackground/Objectives: since the geostationary orbit, is a limited resource located in the outer space, it seems necessary to regulate its use in order to avoid conflicts. In this article, the concept of common heritage of mankind will be examined as an instrument to address questions related to the fair use of this natural resource by developing and developed countries. Methods: the author used scientific methodological approach which facilitates determining the whole canvas of the research, identifying the main aspects and concepts of the study. The research used scientific methods of cognition, i.e. analysis, dialectics and synthesis, the method of generalization and system-structural method. Results: in this article, the author examines the concept of common heritage of mankind and its principles in the field of the geostationary orbit and presents a functional model to administer its affairs. Applications/Improvements: by declaring the geostationary orbit as common heritage of mankind, it would be possible to use them as an instrument to filling the gap between developing and developed countries concerning use of the orbit.Цели: поскольку геостационарная орбита является ограниченным ресурсом, который находится в космическом пространстве, то представляется необходимым регулировать его использование в соответствии с международным правом, чтобы избежать вероятных конфликтов. В этой статье понятие общего наследия человечества будет рассматриваться как инструмент для решения вопросов, связанных со справедливым использованием этого природного ресурса развивающимися и развитыми государствами. Методы: в статье использован научно-методический подход, который облегчает проведение всего исследования, выявляет основные аспекты и концепции исследования. В исследовании использовались научные методы познания: анализ, диалектика, синтез, метод обобщения и системно-структурный метод. Результаты: в этой статье автор рассмотрел концепцию общего наследия человечества, принципы реализации этой концепции и применил их к международно-правовому статусу геостационарной орбиты и предложил функциональную правовую модель решения существующей проблемы. Применимость: объявив геостационарную орбиту общим наследием человечества, можно было бы использовать ее мирным образом и развивающимися, и развитыми государствами мира
Rule of Procedure of the Assembly of States parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
No full textIn this Essay, the author intends to elaborate only on those Rules that are unique, or were the subject of lengthy discussion in the working group. It is practically impossible to discuss all rules contained in the Rules of Procedure. Before beginning, one point needs to be clarified. There are a number of rules in the Rules of Procedure that simply repeat the provisions of the Statute. This was a conscious decision made by the working group, which included harmless repetitions in order to provide a handy set of rules for future delegates to the Assembly that will cover all aspects of its activities
Evaluating quality of life after tonsillectomy
No full textEinleitung
Rezidivierende akute Tonsillitiden beeinträchtigen unter anderem die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen und gehen darüber hinaus mit sozioökonomischen Belastungen einher. Mindestens sechs mit Antibiotika behandelte Episoden einer Tonsillitis in einem Jahr sind die Voraussetzung, dass eine Tonsillektomie (TE) indiziert ist. Es ist allerdings unklar, ob diese Intervention zu einer verbesserten Lebensqualität des Patienten führt und einen sozioökonomischen Nutzen hat. Die Intention der vorliegenden Studie war es daher, die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität der Patienten und ihren subjektiven Nutzen zu beleuchten und damit das Behandlungsergebnis umfassend zu bewerten.
Methoden
Für die prospektive Evaluation der prä- und postoperativen Lebensqualität in Verbindung mit einer TE wurden als Messverfahren zwei Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROM) in Fragenbogenform eingesetzt: EuroQol-5D-3L und Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI). Diese PROM decken jeweils somatische, soziale und psychische Dimensionen der Lebensqualität ab. Die ergänzenden Fragen der Autorin bezogen sich auf die Patientenpräferenz hinsichtlich stationärer Liegedauer und Anzahl der krankheitsbedingten Fehltage. Die Untersuchungszeitpunkte der Fragebögen waren (1) präoperativ (2) postoperativ stationär (3) postoperativ nach vier Wochen (4) postoperativ nach sechs Monaten. Um der Frage nachzugehen, welche Patientengruppe den größten Nutzen aus der TE zieht, wurden außerdem Einflussfaktoren wie Alter und Geschlecht der behandelten berücksichtigt.
Ergebnisse
Die Evaluation der prä- und postoperativen PROM zeigte, dass die TE zu einer signifikanten Besserung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität führte. Aus Patientenperspektive war der postoperative Nutzen einer TE besonders in der Abnahme der krankheitsbedingten Fehltage (in Ausbildung oder Beruf) erkennbar. Medikamenteneinnahmen und Arztbesuche gingen ebenfalls zurück. Ein alters- und geschlechterspezifischer Trend konnte nicht ermittelt werden. Die somatische Dimension der Lebensqualität gewann an Bedeutung. Im Gegensatz dazu hatte die TE auf das allgemeine Lebensgefühl und die soziale Dimension der Lebensqualität keine maßgebliche Auswirkung.
Schlussfolgerung
Zusammenfassend bestätigen die Ergebnisse der prä- und postoperativen Evaluation die positive Auswirkung einer TE auf die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität der Patienten. Die TE stellt somit eine sinnvolle und weitreichende Alternative zur konservativen Therapie dar. Die Häufigkeit der Infektion sollte nicht das alleinige Ergebnismaß sein, vielmehr sollten auch die verbesserte Lebensqualität und der sozioökonomische Nutzen für den Patienten berücksichtigt werden. Weitere Untersuchungen sind empfehlenswert, um eine Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse aus der Patientenperspektive durchzuführen und um weitere Prädiktoren für die Entscheidung hinsichtlich der Indikationen für eine TE einzubeziehen.Recurrent tonsillitis impairs patients’ health related quality of life (HRQoL) and causes
socioeconomical restrictions. At least six episodes of tonsillitis per year with concurrent
antibiotic treatment is required for a tonsillectomy to be performed. It is still uncertain, if
patients consequently perceive improved health related quality of life and derive a
socioeconomic benefit after the operation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to
investigate how tonsillectomy affects HRQoL of patients besides the successful surgical
intervention in order to obtain a complete treatment outcome. This study focused on the
patient-relevant utilities, in other words, the benefits of the tonsillectomy for the patient.
Methods
To pursue the evaluation of pre- and postoperative quality of life related to tonsillectomy
this study applies the Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROM) EuroQol-5D-3L and Glasgow Benefit Inventory. Additional questions by the author were also included. These PROM cover physical, social and psychological dimensions of quality of life. The
questions added by the author refer to the patients’ preference regarding duration of
hospital stay and their absent days from school or work. Times of investigation were (1)
preoperative (2) postoperative during hospital stay (3) four weeks and (4) six month after surgery. Furthermore, influencing variables like age and sex of the patients were taken into account to explore which patient group benefits most from tonsillectomy. Results
The appraisal of the pre- and postoperative PROM indicates that tonsillectomy
significantly improves HRQoL. The benefit of tonsillectomy from a patient perspective is
mainly due to reduced days of absence from school or work, diminished frequency of
medication use and less visits to physicians. Age and gender specific differences were
indistinguishable. In contrast, tonsillectomy did not impact emotional well-being and the
social dimension of patients’ quality of life.
Conclusion
In summary, the results of the pre- and postoperative evaluation suggest a positive effect of a tonsillectomy on patients’ HRQoL. Tonsillectomy indicates a reasonable alternative to conservative treatment. Hence, the frequency of sore throat infections should not be the only outcome measure, but rather the enhanced quality of life and socioeconomic benefits for patients should be taken into consideration. Further studies are recommended in order to perform a cost-benefit analysis from the patients’ point of view and to investigate additional predictors for the indication of tonsillectomy
Smoothness-Increasing Accuracy-Conserving (SIAC) Postprocessing for Discontinuous Galerkin Solutions over Structured Triangular Meshes
No full textTheoretically and computationally, it is possible to demonstrate that the order of accuracy of a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) solution for linear hyperbolic equations can be improved from order +1 to 2+1 through the use of smoothness-increasing accuracy-conserving (SIAC) filtering. However, it is a computationally complex task to perform this in an efficient manner, which becomes an even greater issue considering nonquadrilateral mesh structures. In this paper, we present an extension of this SIAC filter to structured triangular meshes. The basic theoretical assumption in the previous implementations of the postprocessor limits the use to numerical solutions solved over a quadrilateral mesh. However, this assumption is restrictive, which in turn complicates the application of this postprocessing technique to general tessellations. Additionally, moving from quadrilateral meshes to triangulated ones introduces more complexity in the calculations as the number of integrations required increases. In this paper, we extend the current theoretical results to variable coefficient hyperbolic equations over structured triangular meshes and demonstrate the effectiveness of the application of this postprocessor to structured triangular meshes as well as exploring the effect of using inexact quadrature. We show that there is a direct theoretical extension to structured triangular meshes for hyperbolic equations with bounded variable coefficients. This is a challenging first step toward implementing SIAC filters for unstructured tessellations. We show that by using the usual B-spline implementation, we are able to improve on the order of accuracy as well as decrease the magnitude of the errors. These results are valid regardless of whether exact or inexact integration is used. The results here demonstrate that it is still possible, both theoretically and computationally, to improve to 2+1 over the DG solution itself for structured triangular meshes.Delft Institute of Applied MathematicsElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Relationship between organizational commitment, working environment, and burnout in clinical nurses
No full textBACKGROUND:Burnout is a mental condition caused by chronic emotional or psychological stress. Organizational commitment is always an important issue in the field of organizational development of clinical nurses. The study aimed to assess the association between organizational commitment, work environment, and burnout in clinical nurses. MATERIALS AND METHODS:This is a correlational descriptive study that was conducted from November 2021 to January 2021 on 456 clinical nurses at the Hazrat Rasul Akram University Hospital in Iran. The convenience sampling method was used. Data were collected using socio-demographic and work-related data collection sheet, the Working Environment Scale (WES-10), the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). Data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. RESULTS:The overall results showed that the mean score of organizational commitment was 29.87 +/- 8.19, the mean score of burnout was 91.98 +/- 17.40, and the mean score of work environment satisfaction was 24.62 +/- 7.53. There were negative and significant relationships between organizational commitment with burnout (r = -0.324, P < 0.001) and work environment satisfaction (r = -0.440, P < 0.001). Also, there was a positive and significant relationship between work environment satisfaction with burnout (r = 0.386, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION:The nursing profession is widely recognized as one of the most stressful professions, often characterized by high rates of staff turnover, absenteeism, and burnout. The result of this study highlights the importance of positive work conditions for ensuring the commitment and well-being of clinical nurses
