94 research outputs found
Huomioi muut: Tapa edetä eettisissä päätöksissä epävarmuudessa
No full textAbstractIn the current global economy that is usually described as post-industrial, third wave and information-based, we should know how to explore on a sea of uncertainties. In such an environment, ethical decision-making due to ongoing dilemmas and difficulties is complex. So ethics should be understood as a learning process that constructs our identity. For this reason, this study is built on the idea of postmodern ethics. Postmodern ethics calls for rethinking and reexamination of our ethical assumptions with the hope that we can construct a new way of thinking. Among the different approaches in postmodern ethics, I choose Other-oriented ethics. This approach does not provide a set of codes and instructions, rather it offers a theoretical perspective for reconsidering the complexities of ethical decision-making by seeing the Other. Others are important in their otherness. It signifies radical uniqueness that cannot be conceptualized or thematized.This research aims to show how recognizing and understanding Others (through non-rational response to the presence of Others and infinite responsibility toward them) can be a strategy in hand for ethical decision-making. To achieving this aim, I focus on both the individual and the corporate level. Since the individual is produced as a subject in the social process, the role of corporations is very important to creating the venues of virtue or of vice for all the employees.By the Other-oriented ethical approach, researchers and practitioners may not receive a solution but they will be able to question everyday practices and accepted norms. It helps them to reconsider and reconceive the notion of ethics and responsibility in business ethical discourse on a continuous basis.Theoretically, this study introduces an alternative tale for ethical decision-making. Hence, the main contribution of this study is applying Other- oriented ethical approaches in ethical decision-making. This happens through fostering moral impulse, bridging the moral laxity gap and extending a dynamic stakeholder model in which the Others play the pivotal role in ethical decision making.Original papersOriginal papers are not included in the electronic version of the dissertation.Hatami, A., & Firoozi, N. (2019). A dynamic stakeholder model: An Other‐oriented ethical approach. Business Ethics: A European Review, 28(3), 349–360. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12222Hatami, A., Firoozi, N., & Puhakka, V. (2018). In search of Bauman moral impulse in shadow factories of China. International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, 12(3), 334–345.Hatami, A., Firoozi, N., & Hermes, J. (2020). Moral laxity: the cognitive gap between true and pseudo corporate social responsibility. Manuscript submitted for publication.TiivistelmäNykyisessä globaalissa taloudessa, jota yleensä kuvataan jälkiteollisuudeksi, kolmanneksi aalloksi ja tietopohjaiseksi, meidän pitäisi tietää, kuinka tutkia asioita epävarmuustekijöiden meressä. Tällaisessa ympäristössä eettinen päätöksenteko jatkuvista ongelmista ja vaikeuksista johtuen on monimutkaista. Etiikka tulisi siksi ymmärtää identiteettiämme rakentavana oppimisprosessina. Tästä syystä tämä tutkimus ammentaa postmodernista etiikasta. Postmoderni etiikka vaatii eettisten oletuksiemme uudelleenarviointia ja tutkimista toivoen, että pystymme rakentamaan uuden ajattelutavan. Postmodernin etiikan erilaisista lähestymistavoista valitsin niin sanotun Muihin suuntautuneen -etiikan. Tämä lähestymistapa ei tarjoa joukkoa koodeja ja ohjeita, vaan tarjoaa teoreettisen näkökulman eettisen päätöksenteon monimutkaisuuksien harkitsemiseen näkemällä Muut. Muut ovat tärkeitä toiseudessaan. Se merkitsee radikaalia ainutlaatuisuutta, jota ei voida käsitteellistää tai tematisoida.Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on osoittaa, kuinka Muiden tunnistaminen ja ymmärtäminen (epärationaalisen vastauksen kautta muiden läsnäoloon ja ääretön vastuu heitä kohtaan) voi olla eettisen päätöksenteon kädessä oleva strategia. Tämän tavoitteen saavuttamiseksi keskityn sekä yksilö- että yritystasoon. Koska yksilö tuotetaan subjektina sosiaalisessa prosessissa, yritysten rooli on erittäin tärkeä hyveiden luomiseksi kaikille työntekijöille.Muihin suuntautuneen -eettisen lähestymistavan avulla tutkijat ja ammattilaiset eivät ehkä saa ratkaisua, mutta he pystyvät kyseenalaistamaan arjen käytännöt ja hyväksytyt normit. Se auttaa heitä jatkuvasti pohtimaan ja käsittelemään etiikkaa ja vastuuta liiketoiminnan eettisessä keskustelussa.Teoreettisesti tämä tutkimus esittelee vaihtoehtoisen tarinan eettiselle päätöksenteolle. Siksi tämän tutkimuksen pääkontribuutio on Muihin suuntautuneen -eettisen lähestymistavan soveltaminen eettiseen päätöksentekoon. Tämä tapahtuu edistämällä niin sanottu moraalista impulssia, kurottamalla yli moraalisen kuilun ja laajentamalla dynaamista sidosryhmämallia, jossa Muilla on keskeinen rooli eettisessä päätöksenteossa.OsajulkaisutOsajulkaisut eivät sisälly väitöskirjan elektroniseen versioon.Hatami, A., & Firoozi, N. (2019). A dynamic stakeholder model: An Other‐oriented ethical approach. Business Ethics: A European Review, 28(3), 349–360. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12222Hatami, A., Firoozi, N., & Puhakka, V. (2018). In search of Bauman moral impulse in shadow factories of China. International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, 12(3), 334–345.Hatami, A., Firoozi, N., & Hermes, J. (2020). Moral laxity: the cognitive gap between true and pseudo corporate social responsibility. Manuscript submitted for publication.Academic dissertation to be presented with the assent of The Doctoral Training Committee of Human Sciences, University of Oulu for public defence in the Arina auditorium (TA105), Linnanmaa, on 28 February 2020, at 12 noonAbstract
In the current global economy that is usually described as post-industrial, third wave and information-based, we should know how to explore on a sea of uncertainties. In such an environment, ethical decision-making due to ongoing dilemmas and difficulties is complex. So ethics should be understood as a learning process that constructs our identity. For this reason, this study is built on the idea of postmodern ethics. Postmodern ethics calls for rethinking and reexamination of our ethical assumptions with the hope that we can construct a new way of thinking. Among the different approaches in postmodern ethics, I choose Other-oriented ethics. This approach does not provide a set of codes and instructions, rather it offers a theoretical perspective for reconsidering the complexities of ethical decision-making by seeing the Other. Others are important in their otherness. It signifies radical uniqueness that cannot be conceptualized or thematized.
This research aims to show how recognizing and understanding Others (through non-rational response to the presence of Others and infinite responsibility toward them) can be a strategy in hand for ethical decision-making. To achieving this aim, I focus on both the individual and the corporate level. Since the individual is produced as a subject in the social process, the role of corporations is very important to creating the venues of virtue or of vice for all the employees.
By the Other-oriented ethical approach, researchers and practitioners may not receive a solution but they will be able to question everyday practices and accepted norms. It helps them to reconsider and reconceive the notion of ethics and responsibility in business ethical discourse on a continuous basis.
Theoretically, this study introduces an alternative tale for ethical decision-making. Hence, the main contribution of this study is applying Other- oriented ethical approaches in ethical decision-making. This happens through fostering moral impulse, bridging the moral laxity gap and extending a dynamic stakeholder model in which the Others play the pivotal role in ethical decision making.Tiivistelmä
Nykyisessä globaalissa taloudessa, jota yleensä kuvataan jälkiteollisuudeksi, kolmanneksi aalloksi ja tietopohjaiseksi, meidän pitäisi tietää, kuinka tutkia asioita epävarmuustekijöiden meressä. Tällaisessa ympäristössä eettinen päätöksenteko jatkuvista ongelmista ja vaikeuksista johtuen on monimutkaista. Etiikka tulisi siksi ymmärtää identiteettiämme rakentavana oppimisprosessina. Tästä syystä tämä tutkimus ammentaa postmodernista etiikasta. Postmoderni etiikka vaatii eettisten oletuksiemme uudelleenarviointia ja tutkimista toivoen, että pystymme rakentamaan uuden ajattelutavan. Postmodernin etiikan erilaisista lähestymistavoista valitsin niin sanotun Muihin suuntautuneen -etiikan. Tämä lähestymistapa ei tarjoa joukkoa koodeja ja ohjeita, vaan tarjoaa teoreettisen näkökulman eettisen päätöksenteon monimutkaisuuksien harkitsemiseen näkemällä Muut. Muut ovat tärkeitä toiseudessaan. Se merkitsee radikaalia ainutlaatuisuutta, jota ei voida käsitteellistää tai tematisoida.
Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on osoittaa, kuinka Muiden tunnistaminen ja ymmärtäminen (epärationaalisen vastauksen kautta muiden läsnäoloon ja ääretön vastuu heitä kohtaan) voi olla eettisen päätöksenteon kädessä oleva strategia. Tämän tavoitteen saavuttamiseksi keskityn sekä yksilö- että yritystasoon. Koska yksilö tuotetaan subjektina sosiaalisessa prosessissa, yritysten rooli on erittäin tärkeä hyveiden luomiseksi kaikille työntekijöille.
Muihin suuntautuneen -eettisen lähestymistavan avulla tutkijat ja ammattilaiset eivät ehkä saa ratkaisua, mutta he pystyvät kyseenalaistamaan arjen käytännöt ja hyväksytyt normit. Se auttaa heitä jatkuvasti pohtimaan ja käsittelemään etiikkaa ja vastuuta liiketoiminnan eettisessä keskustelussa.
Teoreettisesti tämä tutkimus esittelee vaihtoehtoisen tarinan eettiselle päätöksenteolle. Siksi tämän tutkimuksen pääkontribuutio on Muihin suuntautuneen -eettisen lähestymistavan soveltaminen eettiseen päätöksentekoon. Tämä tapahtuu edistämällä niin sanottu moraalista impulssia, kurottamalla yli moraalisen kuilun ja laajentamalla dynaamista sidosryhmämallia, jossa Muilla on keskeinen rooli eettisessä päätöksenteossa
Happiness management through corporate volunteering in advancing CSR
No full textAbstract
Purpose:
To respond to recent calls for better understanding of the complexities related to happiness management, especially from the employees' perspective, this study examines how corporate volunteering (CV), as one form of corporate social responsibility (CSR), creates sustainable happiness in business organizations.
Design/methodology/approach:
Theoretical knowledge of CSR and CV as well as the literature on happiness management was examined to form a preliminary understanding of the phenomenon. The empirical section includes a qualitative multiple case study including two company cases of CV in Finland. The data were collected through qualitative interviews. Empirical analysis was made using thematical coding based on existing theory but also by allowing themes to emerge inductively from the data as well.
Findings:
The study found that CV enables the emergence of sustainable happiness by allowing individual employee volunteers to transition from individual and rational mindsets to collective and emotional mindsets. A third transition was also identified, a process of change in the volunteers' approach in life that the authors describe as “from actual to potential”.
Originality/value:
The study provides a theoretical contribution to the existing literature on happiness management by identifying the third dimension, from actual to potential, and depicting the way this allows employees to move from a state of being to becoming and thus the emergence of sustainable happiness. The study also contributes to existing literature on CV and CSR by revealing the way CV, as a form of practical CSR activity, generates happiness. This study concludes that companies' strategic activities that engage with society can create sustainable happiness for employees who participate. In order to achieve this, volunteering employees should have the chance to reflect on their experience and constant support from managers.Abstract
Purpose:
To respond to recent calls for better understanding of the complexities related to happiness management, especially from the employees' perspective, this study examines how corporate volunteering (CV), as one form of corporate social responsibility (CSR), creates sustainable happiness in business organizations.
Design/methodology/approach:
Theoretical knowledge of CSR and CV as well as the literature on happiness management was examined to form a preliminary understanding of the phenomenon. The empirical section includes a qualitative multiple case study including two company cases of CV in Finland. The data were collected through qualitative interviews. Empirical analysis was made using thematical coding based on existing theory but also by allowing themes to emerge inductively from the data as well.
Findings:
The study found that CV enables the emergence of sustainable happiness by allowing individual employee volunteers to transition from individual and rational mindsets to collective and emotional mindsets. A third transition was also identified, a process of change in the volunteers' approach in life that the authors describe as “from actual to potential”.
Originality/value:
The study provides a theoretical contribution to the existing literature on happiness management by identifying the third dimension, from actual to potential, and depicting the way this allows employees to move from a state of being to becoming and thus the emergence of sustainable happiness. The study also contributes to existing literature on CV and CSR by revealing the way CV, as a form of practical CSR activity, generates happiness. This study concludes that companies' strategic activities that engage with society can create sustainable happiness for employees who participate. In order to achieve this, volunteering employees should have the chance to reflect on their experience and constant support from managers
Epäjohdonmukainen vastuullisuuteen liittyvän tiedon esittäminen vaatealan yrityksen sidosryhmille
No full textSustainability and sustainable development are common concepts today although they are complex and difficult to define. The complexity of sustainability has translated to sustainability reporting through which companies seek to communicate about their sustainability-related actions to their stakeholders. Especially in the apparel industry consumers are increasingly demanding more transparent and clear communication about sustainability as they find it difficult to understand currently.
This research therefore examines how sustainability discourse is presented in a sustainability report and how the presentation attempts to affect the stakeholders’ perceptions of the case company’s sustainability. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the importance of adequate presentation of sustainability-related information. The study is conducted as a critical discourse analysis, and it utilizes a sustainability report of an apparel company as its data.
The analysis demonstrates that the sustainability discourse is formed through various characteristics. Most of the characteristics seek to influence the way in which the stakeholders view the company’s sustainability, but objective language is used as well. While objective language is otherwise desirable in a sustainability report to ensure clear presentation of information, together with influencing characteristics it increases unclarity. There is however also a positive finding as the sustainability report of the case company also seeks to create dialogue with the stakeholders, which is recommended by the previous research. When the findings of the study are reflected against a wider political situation, it is concluded that with proper presentation of information, sustainability reports can drive sustainability transformation through collaboration between states, companies, and consumers
Innovaatioita kestävän kehityksen HSE-johtamisessa
No full textThis thesis studies innovation in health, safety and environment (HSE) management for sustainable development. The objective of this study is to identify innovation in HSE management that makes a positive influence on sustainable development. In order to achieve the research aim, the main research question “How does innovation in HSE management contribute to sustainable development?” is created. The main question is answered through two sub-research questions. The first sub-question discovers technological and non-technological innovation measures in HSE management. The second sub-question looks at how each innovation have an impact on sustainable development.
In this study qualitative research with abductive approach is carried out. Based on the theoretical framework, a set of questions were developed to collect the empirical data. The primary data are gained via email questionnaire from three (3) HSE professionals and three (3) senior managers in the construction industry. For data analysis, thematic analysis is used to identify and analyze themes within the collected data.
The findings of the research present three (3) technological innovations, i.e., wearable technology in personal protective equipment, virtual reality (VR) technology in HSE training and digitalization in documentation, and three (3) non-technological innovations, i.e., HSE forum discussion, well-being program and reforming policy and standard. It is confirmed by the questionnaire respondents and supported by the literature review that the mentioned six (6) innovation measures may contribute to achieving three (3) sustainable development goals (SDGs); SDG 3 Good health and well-being, SDG 8 Decent work and economic growth, and SDG 13 Climate actions. It is identified that innovation in HSE management system is beneficial to HSE performance by improving the health and safety of employees as well as protecting the environment. Innovations in HSE management can assist industrial companies to provide a safe working environment for their employees and reduce HSE-related physical incident and mental illness. This may lead to economic growth and social sustainability by effectively achieving the SDGs.
This paper contributes in HSE field by elaborating the application of scientific knowledge in a practical way as well as promoting sustainable development at an organizational level. The paper also encourages companies to make a commitment for corporate social responsibility and reach their sustainable development goals more effectively by suggesting innovative tools reviewed by the experienced HSE professionals and senior managers
Etätyön hyvät ja huonot puolet sekä sen johtaminen
No full textCovid-19 has made remote work as one of the main ways to work in today’s world. Even though, remote work is not new as a concept, it has become the new normal because of Covid-19. The advantages and challenges of remote work are now part of people’s life, and they should be studied more. While these are the factors that affect remote employee’s life, the leadership of remote work should also be studied to see how remote work and its leadership could be developed.
Employees face completely different challenges in today’s virtual workplaces, varying from feeling socially isolated to increased number of altercations with family members, because work is now done from home. Some remote workers enjoy the possibility to work remotely, because of the same reasons, which makes the subject of remote work interesting subject for research. Combining these facts with the leadership of remote work further on increases its importance. The two most used styles of remote work leadership, transformational and transactional, are also perceived having both good and bad qualities. This research aims to give a look of remote works challenges and advantages, how the leadership styles are perceived, and how they affect the remote work.
The research is done via qualitative method, because of the nature of the research problem. A survey was used to collect the data. The results of this study support the previous research and literature and gives new information for further research
Analysing the roles and relationships of NGOs : a case study of ODL’s philanthropic program for rehabilitation of traumatized immigrants
No full textBusiness academics and professionals, both, have well recognized that NGOs are very dynamic, non-state, and non-profit actors in the market, which can impact several operations and strategies of businesses. NGOs operate in a different way than public and private institutions and have diverse relationships among public and private institutions. The roles and relationships of NGOs with other institutions have an impact on their own operations. This study examines the roles and relationships of NGOs in three spheres, i.e., business, society, and the state. Also, this study does a case study of ODL’s philanthropic program for the rehabilitation of traumatized immigrants to explore the impacts of this philanthropic deed on ODL, which is a 127-year-old NGO operating in Finland. Immigration has been increasing in Finland, and ODL, as a Finnish NGO, has recognized the challenges faced by immigrants in Finland and has launched a rehabilitation program to help immigrants facing traumatic experiences since 2006.
This study is non-positivist, exploratory, single-case study-based qualitative research that uses abductive reasoning. This study has two major questions, i.e., “Why do NGOs matter to business, society, and the state?” and “What are the impacts of ODL’s philanthropic program of rehabilitation of traumatized immigrants?” In this research, semi-structured interviews were conducted in a detailed manner. The narrative data is extracted from the views of six NGO professionals who have long experience in top management positions in the NGO sector. One interviewee in this study is the beneficiary of ODL’s rehabilitation program for traumatized immigrants. QSR NVivo has been used in this study to transcribe and code narrative data from interviews.
The findings of this research show that, in fact, NGOs have very influential impacts on businesses, society, and the state. Their collaborative relationship with businesses is formed based on matching interests, whereas NGOs must prove themselves in society through their different successful social initiatives to maintain their worth and also to gain credibility, trust, image, and capital. NGOs connect with state agencies and desire to go along with state policies to gain legitimacy, resources, and flexibility in their operations. On the other hand, philanthropy is both the income and the action of NGOs, and it is very essential for them to function. The case study of the impacts of ODL’s philanthropic program of rehabilitation of traumatized immigrants has revealed two sorts of impacts: impacts on ODL as a service provider and impacts on beneficiaries of this program. The generalization of this study in NGO research, however, would be challenging despite of its high relevance to ODL. This study has been done in conjunction with a Finland-based NGO and Finland-based interviewees; thus, more exploratory, comparative, and multiple case study-based research is needed to explore more about NGOs in the future. This research has stepped in as preliminary exploratory, single-case study-based qualitative research. Also, this study has put its efforts into answering business researchers’ call for independent study on NGOs as separate institutions
Knowledge Creation Through Self-(de)construction: Self-Transcendent in Knowledge Spiral in "Ba"
No full textAbstract
In this conceptual study, we delve into the intricate relationship between human agency, referred to as “self”, and the process of knowledge creation. Drawing inspiration from Derrida's concept of deconstruction and Levinas's idea of the Other, our research explores how knowledge emerges through the integration of the self with the Other, leading to a continuous process of self-(de)construction. Building upon Nonaka and Takeuchi's SECI model (1995), which highlights the spiral of socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization in knowledge creation, our model introduces the concept of Exploration of the Other, Interaction with the Other, Combination with the Other, and Self-(De)construction (EICS). Our study contributes to the existing literature on knowledge creation in two significant ways. Firstly, it integrates a philosophical approach into the understanding of knowledge creation, adding a novel dimension to the existing perspectives. Secondly, it sheds light on the pivotal role of the individual (the self) within the locus of knowledge creation in the context of a knowledge-based economy.Abstract
In this conceptual study, we delve into the intricate relationship between human agency, referred to as “self”, and the process of knowledge creation. Drawing inspiration from Derrida's concept of deconstruction and Levinas's idea of the Other, our research explores how knowledge emerges through the integration of the self with the Other, leading to a continuous process of self-(de)construction. Building upon Nonaka and Takeuchi's SECI model (1995), which highlights the spiral of socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization in knowledge creation, our model introduces the concept of Exploration of the Other, Interaction with the Other, Combination with the Other, and Self-(De)construction (EICS). Our study contributes to the existing literature on knowledge creation in two significant ways. Firstly, it integrates a philosophical approach into the understanding of knowledge creation, adding a novel dimension to the existing perspectives. Secondly, it sheds light on the pivotal role of the individual (the self) within the locus of knowledge creation in the context of a knowledge-based economy
Hybrid real-time task scheduling algorithm in overload situation for multiprocessor system
No full textReal-time systems are reactive systems which
should meet major constraints in scheduling tasks like time
limitation and resources allocation for scheduling the task
effectively when the system in overloaded condition. Failure of
system in scheduling tasks when system is overloaded can result
in catastrophic impacts. The goal of this research is to propose a
task scheduling algorithm that able to perform better than
traditional Earliest Deadline First (EDF) and minimize the
overall completion time when the system in overloaded
condition. The proposed scheduling algorithm is built based on
three new improved scheduling algorithms namely: (1) Hybrid
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Hybrid Invasive Weed
Optimization (HPIO), (2) Enhanced Initial Swarm (EIS), and (3)
Hybrid EDF, EIS and HPIO Optimization (HEDFPIO). The
author proves that more successful tasks is scheduled by using
HPIO in multiprocessor system in over loaded situation among
PSO and ACO. The author uses EIS algorithm in order to
improve local search in HPIO and have fair load balance among
processors. Finally the author presents a new hybrid algorithm
that combines HPIO, EIS and EDF which is called HEDFPIO,
It is observed that we could achieve higher successful ratio in
task scheduling and with shorter calculation time in overloaded
situation
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