198 research outputs found
Diagnostic Accuracy of Emergency Sonographic Signs in Patients with Suspected Acute Cholecystitis Keeping Histopathology as Gold Standard
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Phytopharmacological evaluation of different solvent extract/fractions From<i> Sphaeranthus indicus</i> L. flowers:From traditional therapies to bioactive compounds
No full textSphaeranthus indicus L. is a medicinal herb having widespread traditional uses for treating common ailments. The present research work aims to explore the in-depth phytochemical composition and in vitro reactivity of six different polarity solvents (methanol, n-hexane, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) extracts/fractions of S. indicus flowers. The phytochemical composition was accomplished by determining total bioactive contents, HPLC-PDA polyphenolic quantification, and UHPLC-MS secondary metabolomics. The reactivity of the phenolic compounds was tested through the following biochemical assays: antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelation) and enzyme inhibition (AChE, BChE, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, urease, and tyrosinase) assays were performed. The methanol extract showed the highest values for phenolic (94.07 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoid (78.7 mg QE/g extract) contents and was also the most active for α-glucosidase inhibition as well as radical scavenging and reducing power potential. HPLC-PDA analysis quantified rutin, naringenin, chlorogenic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, and epicatechin in a significant amount. UHPLC-MS analysis of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts revealed the presence of well-known phytocompounds; most of these were phenolic, flavonoid, and glycoside derivatives. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest inhibition against tyrosinase and urease, while the n-hexane fraction was most active for α-amylase. Moreover, principal component analysis highlighted the positive correlation between bioactive compounds and the tested extracts. Overall, S. indicus flower extracts were found to contain important phytochemicals, hence could be further explored to discover novel bioactive compounds that could be a valid starting point for future pharmaceutical and nutraceuticals applications.</p
First Death Anniversary of Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aslam khan (1932-2023)
No full textProf. Dr. Muhammad Aslamkhan died peacefully on February 20, 2023, in Lahore, Pakistan. Prof. Aslamkhan was the founding head of the Human Genetics and Molecular Biology Department of the University of Health Sciences Lahore (UHS). He was also a Director of Sports and cocurricular activities at the UHS. His services to UHS were brought by the Higher Education Commission’s project entitled “strengthening of basic medical sciences at UHS, ” commonly known as SBMS as a project director. This project not only brought a lot of funding for the establishment of research facilities at the UHS but also employment opportunities for young people.
Prof. Aslamkhan received his Doctorate of Science (D.Sc.) in Genetics and Anthropology from Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, Germany, in 1963, after his master's degree from Punjab University (1953). He was among the founding fellows of the Biological Society of Pakistan (1956) and the Zoological Society of Pakistan (1968). In 1968, he was awarded the Fellowship of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London. Later, the Pakistan Academy of Medical Sciences awarded him a fellowship in 1985. His professional services include academic and research affiliations with the provincial bodies of Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).
He served as Deputy Chief for the Division of Medical Entomology of the International Center for Medical Research and Training (ICMRT) at the Pakistan Medical Research Center, Lahore. Later, he became the Chief of Malaria Vector Research at ICMRT. This was the time when he studied the bionomics of mosquito species in Pakistan, which serves as a reference (1). While affiliated with the University of Maryland School of Medicine, he extended his research towards vector-borne diseases of public health importance (2-10). After retirement from the University of Maryland, he worked as an independent consultant for several national and international bodies. Later, he joined the Higher Education Commission’s project SBMS as Project Director. During this affiliation, he also launched the first department of Human Genetics in the country at UHS Lahore. This department is still operational and produces many PhDs in human genetics, working at various reputable organizations in and outside the country. The department’s objective was to study the basics of genetic diseases in the country, and it has been doing very well until today. Prof. Aslamkhan’s research on genetic diseases has mainly focused on the role of consanguinity in gene pooling in the Pakistani population (11-13). Over the past several years, he has also voluntarily offered genetic counselling to patients with hemoglobinopathies at Sundas Foundation Lahore. He also studied the public health dynamics of blood donors at the Sundas Foundation in addition to genetic counselling (14, 15). He was also recognized as an Eminent Professor of Genetics by Higher Education Commission.
In 2017, he founded The International Journal of Frontier Sciences and became its first editor-in-chief until he died last year. I am publishing this obituary at his first death anniversary on February 20, 2024, praying for his eternal peace.
I wish him to rest in peace in his life in hereafter. Ameen
Multi-scale pixel-based image fusion using multivariate empirical mode decomposition.
No full textA novel scheme to perform the fusion of multiple images using the multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD) algorithm is proposed. Standard multi-scale fusion techniques make a priori assumptions regarding input data, whereas standard univariate empirical mode decomposition (EMD)-based fusion techniques suffer from inherent mode mixing and mode misalignment issues, characterized respectively by either a single intrinsic mode function (IMF) containing multiple scales or the same indexed IMFs corresponding to multiple input images carrying different frequency information. We show that MEMD overcomes these problems by being fully data adaptive and by aligning common frequency scales from multiple channels, thus enabling their comparison at a pixel level and subsequent fusion at multiple data scales. We then demonstrate the potential of the proposed scheme on a large dataset of real-world multi-exposure and multi-focus images and compare the results against those obtained from standard fusion algorithms, including the principal component analysis (PCA), discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and non-subsampled contourlet transform (NCT). A variety of image fusion quality measures are employed for the objective evaluation of the proposed method. We also report the results of a hypothesis testing approach on our large image dataset to identify statistically-significant performance differences
Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Malware Detection
No full textThis research study mainly focused on the dynamic malware detection. Malware progressively changes, leading to the use of dynamic malware detection techniques in this research study. Each day brings a new influx of malicious software programmes that pose a threat to online safety by exploiting vulnerabilities in the Internet. The proliferation of harmful software has rendered manual heuristic examination of malware analysis ineffective. Automatic behaviour-based malware detection using machine learning algorithms is thus considered a game-changing innovation. Threats are automatically evaluated based on their behaviours in a simulated environment, and reports are created. These records are converted into sparse vector models for use in further machine learning efforts. Classifiers used to synthesise the results of this study included kNN, DT, RF, AdaBoost, SGD, extra trees and the Gaussian NB classifier. After reviewing the test and experimental data for all five classifiers, we found that the RF, SGD, extra trees and Gaussian NB Classifier all achieved a 100% accuracy in the test, as well as a perfect precision (1.00), a good recall (1.00), and a good f1-score (1.00). Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the proof-of-concept employing autonomous behaviour-based malware analysis and machine learning methodologies might identify malware effectively and rapidly
Molecular Basis of Cell Cycle Arrest by Erufosine in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines
No full textABSTRACT
Background: Breast and colorectal cancers are the leading causes of cancer related mortalities worldwide. Treatment options are limited for advanced stages of these cancers. In this context, search for more effective therapeutic compounds is inevitable. Erufosine, a synthetic 4 th generation alkyl-phosphocholine, has shown its anticancer potential over the last few years against a variety of cell lines belonging to solid and non-solid cancers. The reported toxic effects were found to be highly tumour cell specific with minimal side-effects including reduced haemolytic activity and less harmful nature for bone marrow.
Aim: Purpose of this study was to evaluate molecular basis of the cytostatic effects imposed by erufosine in breast and colorectal cancers.
Materials & Methods: In preliminary phase, toxic effects of erufosine were identified against breast (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7) and colorectal cancer cell lines (SW480, SW620) by MTT proliferation assays. Afterwards, the cells were exposed to erufosine and cytostatic effects were evaluated by propidium iodide based staining and flow-cytometry. In this study, metastatic breast (MDA-MB-231) and colorectal (SW620) cancer cell lines were treated with erufosine and expressional modulations in 84 cell cycle relevant genes were identified by using a ready-made 96-well panel and qRT-PCR methodology. Expressional changes, imposed by erufosine in the cell lines, were used to design a signalling cascade with the help of online Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. Afterwards, breast (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7) and colorectal cancer (SW480, SW620) cells were treated with various concentrations of erufosine and expressional levels of the three most altered genes, selected from the ready-made panel results, were investigated to identify concentration dependant effects of the test compound.
Results: Preliminary results indicated that erufosine induced significant antiproliferative effects in breast and colorectal cancer cells. In addition, erufosine was found to be a strong cytostatic agent and induced a major halt in G2/M phase of the cell cycle in breast and colorectal cancer cells. Ready-made panel results showed significant modulations (≥ 2fold) in various cell cycle related genes after exposure of the cells with erufosine. The designed pathway indicated the involvement of a number of gene families at different stages of the cell cycle. Exposure of the cells with various concentrations of erufosine showed concentration dependant effects of the compound on expressional profile of the selected genes.
Conclusion: Erufosine bears significant cytotoxic and cytostatic potential against breast and colorectal cancer cells. Expressional modulations in multiple cell cycle related genes are imposed by erufosine in breast and colorectal cancer cells. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to support the evaluation of erufosine in clinical settings against breast and colorectal cancer
Role of Epidemiological Studies in Disease Prevention
No full textToday’s society is full of disease that are of different natures including genetic, infectious and metabolic etc. Every disease has its own mechanisms of affecting humans and different prevention mechanisms as per disease nature. These factors are included in epidemiology of disease. Other factors include prevalence and incidence of diseases in different populations. Exactly knowing about disease epidemiology helps governing authorities to prevent the disease. Unfortunately, under-developed and developing nations are not focusing on diseases epidemiology. On the other hand, all developing nations developed best public health practices based on diseases epidemiology data. These studies may vary from basic epidemiological surveys to identification of microorganism strains etc
Outsourcing of Clinical Laboratory Services in Pakistan
No full textPrimary and Secondary Healthcare Department of Punjab Government, Pakistan owns 25 district headquarter hospitals, 100 tehsil headquarter hospitals and a number of rural health centres and basic health units. Currently, the department started process of revamping in hospitals and other healthcare delivery centres. In first phase, revamping of infrastructure and services of 25 district headquarter and 15 tehsil headquarter hospitals was started. For better care to patients and service delivery, services of janitorial and security were outsourced to private service providers. Now, the department plans to improve diagnostic services in these hospitals. For this purpose, laboratory and radiology services were planned to outsource. Islamabad Diagnostic Centre and Northshore Medical Labs are the two service providers who are to provide clinical laboratory services in selected hospitals. Islamabad Diagnostic Centre (Private Limited) is a leading diagnostic centre in Islamabad (Federal capital of Islamic Republic of Pakistan) which is ISO 151589:2012. While, Northshore Medical Labs is an American laboratory located and registered in New York State Department of Health and accredited by College of American Pathologist. It is expected to enhance clinical laboratory services standard by outsourcing of these laboratory services. First such laboratory became functional in District Headquarter Hospital Chakwal last month. Although the contract between outsourced laboratory and department describes upraising of services and quality standard by following MSDS and departmental proficiency testing
Genetic variation of olfactory receptor multigene family in humans
No full text学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 河村 正二, 東京大学教授 藤原 晴彦, 東京大学教授 岩崎 渉, 東京大学教授 太田 博樹, 東京大学准教授 石川 麻
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