9 research outputs found
Effects of kefir on coccidial oocysts excretion and performance of dairy goat kids following weaning
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate effects of kefir, a traditional source of probiotic, on coccidial oocysts excretion and on the performance of dairy goat kids following weaning. Twin kids were randomly allocated to one of two groups at weaning. Kids of the first group received 20 ml of kefir daily for 6 weeks (KEF), while kids in the control group were given a placebo (CON). Individual faecal samples were regularly ( = 18 per kid) taken to quantify the number of coccidial oocysts per gram of faeces (OpG). There were no differences between the groups in terms of body weight development ( > 0.05) and feed consumption. Kids of both groups were not able to consume enough feed to meet their nutrient requirements during the first 3 weeks following weaning. KEF had a lower frequency of OpG positive samples than CON ( = 0.043). Kefir did not affect the maximum oocyst excretion and age of the kids at the highest oocyst excretion ( > 0.05). KEF shed numerically 35% lower coccidial oocysts than the controls, which corresponded to a statistical tendency ( = 0.074) in lowering Log-OpG in comparison to CON. While KEF had a lower frequency of OpG positive samples and tended to shed lower OPG by around one-third, the frequency of diarrhea, level of highest oocyst excretion, and performance of the kids remained unaffected. Therefore, it is concluded that overall effects of kefir do not have a significant impact on sub-clinical infection and performance in weaned kids under relatively high-hygienic farming conditions
Los efectos de la etapa de crecimiento sobre el valor nutricional de los forrajes de cebada y triticale para las cabras
No full textThe nutritional composition and in vitro gas production of barley and triticale forages at tillering, stem elongation, and ear emergence stages were studied. The mean crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content was higher in barley than triticale. The supplementation of wheat grain in in vitro incubation had no effect on the gas production of barley and triticale forage. The nutritive value of barley and triticale forages is highly influenced by growth stage and is high during the early stage of growth during tillering and stem elongation. Barley and triticale forages have potential as feed for dairy goats and although barley had a higher CP content, both have adequate ME and CP levels to meet the nutritional requirements of adult goats with 50 kg body weight in early lactation
Foraging strategies of goats in a pasture of wheat and shrubland
No full textCereal pastures are a crucial source of forage to reduce grazing pressure on shrublands in the Mediterranean basin. This study aimed at investigating the grazing preferences and behaviours of goats with different genotypes, when a grazing area of shrubland (0.18 ha), which was composed of 88% shrubs, 10% herbaceous species and 2% footpath and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) pasture (0.20 ha) were offered together. Twelve lactating mature (in 2007) and 15 nonlactating yearling goats (in 2008) of three genotypes (Gokceada, Maltese and Turkish Saanen) were used. The study was carried out for 45 days during the months of April and May. Animals stayed in the pasture for 8 h daily. No roughage or concentrate was offered. Grazing, lying, standing and ruminating behaviours were recorded at 10-min intervals, whereas bipedal stance and walking behaviours were continuously monitored by observers. Mature goats spent one-third and yearling goats spent half of their time in the shrubs. The frequency of preferences to pasture types differed among mature goat genotypes (P > 0.05), but not among the yearling goats (P > 0.05). Grazing of wheat pasture by Gokceada, of herbaceous plants in the shrubland by Maltese and of shrubs by Turkish Saanen goats were more prominent (P <= 0.05). In conclusion, goats gave priority to wheat pasture and grazing preferences and behaviours differed by genotypes. Turkish Saanen goats tended to show more bipedal stance behaviour than the other genotypes. However, there were high individual variations within genotype and age groups.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [106O411]This study was a part of the project (106O411) supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). The authors thank Hande Isil Akbag and Gokce Gamli for their skillful assistance in the analysis of feed samples
Observations on hand-mating behaviors, several physiological and hematological parameters in Turkish dairy goats
No full textThe aims of this study were to examine hand-mating behavior of doe and buck and relationships of courtship behavior and physiological and hematological traits according to gestation results. Duration from beginning of observation until mating (M-C), duration between two copulations (C-C) and courtship behavioral index value of each sex (CBIVD; courtship behavioral index value of doe, CBIVB; courtship behavioral index value of buck) and mounting behavior of buck, were observed. Experience of doe was affected of CBIVD and CBIVB (P = 0.01 and P = 0.01, respectively). Bucks mounted significantly higher times on experienced does than on inexperienced ones (P = 0.00). On the other hand service number decreased with an increase in M-C (P = 0.00). Elevated service number was observed with increased mounting frequency of buck (P = 0.03). There were strong correlations between CBIVD and CBIVB (r = 0.48, P = 0.00). Pregnancy was not influenced by vaginal pH value. Does, which gave multiple births, had higher vaginal pH (P = 0.05). Rectal temperature difference of doe had no influence on success of mating and birth type. On the other hand, birth type was affected by rectal temperature difference of buck. There was no significant difference of hematological parameters according to mating results. Hemoglobin, red blood cell count and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values were higher in single births and mean cell volume value was lower in single births.Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Scientific Research Projects Foundation [BAP-2006/13]This project supported by Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Scientific Research Projects Foundation (BAP-2006/13). The authors would like to thank Professor Dr Turker Savas and Assist. Professor Dr Murat Tosunoglu. We thank also Assoc. Professor Dr Cengiz Atasoglu for editing of the English language
Türk saanen keçilerinde elle sağım ile makineli sağımın Süt verimi, süt bileşenleri ve kalıntı süt bakımından karşılaştırılması
No full textDairy goats have quite long lactation periods like dairy cows, but there is significant lack of knowledge and information about machinery milking of goats. The present study was conducted to compare milk yields and milk components in manual and machinery milking of Turkish Saanen goats and to investigate the amount of residual milk and milk components of machinery milking. Experiments were carried out on 24 goats aged 3-4 years and on the 5th month of their lactation period. Of these goats, sixteen were separated in groups of eight goats. The first group was hand-milked and the other group was milked with a milking machine. The remaining eight were also milked with a milking machine and then the residual milk in udders was hand-milked. Milk components were analyzed with Milk-Lab Minor milk analysis device and fat analysis was carried out with Gerber fat analysis device. Milk yields of milking periods were similar in hand milking (1.105 L) and machinery milking (1.095 L) (P= 0.8807). While morning milking had 140 mL more milk than evening milking, evening milk had higher component values than morning milk (P<0.0001). Hand milk also had higher component values than machinery milk and significant differences were observed in fat values determined with Milk-Lab Minor (P= 0.0317). Residual milk after machinery milking was found to be 224-262 mL and 22.6%. Milk fat ratio of residual milk was 43-46% higher than evening machinery milk, 75% higher than morning machinery milk and residual milk had 3-4% higher non-fat dry matter (NFDM), protein and lactose contents. Thus, residual milk after machinery milking should manually be milked up and arrangements should be made on milking units to reduce such high amounts of residual milk. While milk fat ratio was 3.63% in Gerber analysis, the value was observed as 3.80% in Milk-Lab Minor device (P<0.0001). A positive correlation coefficient was observed between Gerber and Milk-Lab Minor fat values (r- 0.91; P<0.0001)
Effects of restricted nutrition and flushing on reproductive performance and metabolic profiles in sheep
No full textThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary restriction during the lactation period on flushing performance and metabolic profiles in sheep. The treatments were performed in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with (i) adequate and restricted feeding treatment during lactation and (ii) flushing and control feeding treatment during mating season. Eighty-four Karacabey Merino ewes were divided into two groups for adequate energy (100%) and restricted (70%) at energy requirements for three months of lactation. Each group was also divided into two sub-groups based on flushing diet (AL-F, RL-F; 150%) or control diet (AL-C, RL-C; 100%) during the mating season. Live weight (LW), body condition score (BCS), serum metabolites and hormone concentrations, ovulation rate, estrus performance and lambing performance of ewes were observed. Data from this study showed that average difference (P 0.05) were observed; the average fecundity, litter size and ovulation rates of ewes were 1.30 +/- 0.07, 1.44 +/- 0.06 and 1.53 +/- 0.07 respectively. The onset of estrus was earlier (P = 0.021) in RL-F ewes (7.0 d) than for AL-F, AL-C and RL-C ewes (11.0, 12.2 and 10.9 d respectively). Mean PRG concentration of ewes was lower (P = 0.011) in RL-C group than ewes in AL-C group (1.859 +/- 0.266 and 3.143 +/- 0.272 ng/ml respectively) at the ram introduction day. Serum biochemical variables blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose (GLUC), triglycerides (TGL) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-CHOL) concentrations-decreased (P < 0.05), while non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), cholesterol (CHOL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CHOL) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLCHOL) concentrations increased (P < 0.05) in the restricted ewes compared with adequate ewes in the different months. In conclusion, in addition to BCS, blood total protein, BUN, GLUC, NEFA and CHOL can be recommended for testing flock metabolic profiles as specific blood metabolites. Flushing did not cause significant differences in reproductive parameters including the ovulation rate. However, the time required for onset of estrus was found to be significantly shorter after the flushing treatment in restricted group of animals.General Directorate of Agricultural Researches [10/08/03/01]; Canakkale Onsekiz Mart UniversityThis results is part of the doctoral thesis entitled 'The effect of feeding level during lactation period on flushing in sheep'. Thanks to Dr. Yalcin Yaman, Ismail Erdogan, Tamer Sezenler and Dr. Hande Isil Akbag for their valuable support, General Directorate of Agricultural Researches (Project No: 10/08/03/01), and Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University for the supporting to conduct this study
Changes in milk fatty acid composition of goats during lactation in a semi-intensive production system
No full textThis study aimed at investigating changes in the fatty acid (FA) profile and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration of milk fat during lactation from goats managed in a semi-intensive production system, which consisted of grazing on a woody and herbaceous pasture with the supplementation of mixed concentrate and vetch hay. A total of 21 lactating goats were used. Milk samples were collected at different periods (25 April, 29 June, 25 August and 4 October) during lactation and analysed for their chemical composition and FA profile. The most abundant FA in the milk fat of goats was palmitic (06:0) acid, followed by oleic (C18:1 n-9), stearic (C18:0), capric (C10:0) and myristic (04:0) acids. These acids accounted for about 88% of the total milk FA of goats in all sampling periods. The two medium chain FA; capric (P=0.0001) and lauric (C12:0; P=0.0014) acid were affected by the sampling period, whereas myristic (P=0.4469) and palmitic (P=0.4418) acids did not change. Stearic (P=0.0128), oleic (P=0.0001), linoleic (C18:2; P=0.0088) and linolenic (C18:3; P=0.0001) acids also exhibited significant variations between the sampling periods. However, the CLA (C18:2 c9, t11 and C18:2 00, c12) contents of milk fat did not change during the entire study regardless of the sampling period (P=0.2448). Milk fatty acid composition of goats, which meet a major part of their nutrient requirements through grazing or browsing in a natural pasture, shows a seasonal variation with milk fat in summer representing a better fatty acid profile for product quality.Scientific Research Projects Commission of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University [2006/17]Authors thank Mr. M. Se kin Aday, Mrs. Hande Isil Akbag and Mr. Cemil Tolu for their technical assistance. The authors are also grateful to Prof. T. Savas for statistical analysis of the data and to Prof. K.-H. Sudekum for his precious comments and suggestions. This study was funded by the Scientific Research Projects Commission of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University (Project No: 2006/17)
Effects of melatonin implants on reproductive performance of dairy sheep and dairy goats
No full textContents This study investigated the effects of melatonin implants in the female and male animals before the breeding season on the reproductive performance of Tahirova sheep and Turkish Saanen goats. Seventy-five sheep and 53 goats (including 6 rams and 4 bucks) were used in the research. Melatonin implants (18 mg) were applied to half of the female and male animals, one to female animals and three to male animals. The rate of oestrus was determined as 100% in the melatonin (M) and control (C) groups. The non-return rate, conception rate and lambing rate were close in both groups of ewes and rams groups (p > .05). The rate of oestrus was 100% in the melatonin and control groups of does and bucks groups in Turkish Saanen goats. The non-return rate in does was 75.0 +/- 9.02% in M group and 92.0 +/- 5.53% in C group (p = .0101), the non-return rate was 83.3 +/- 6.92% in group M and 84.2 +/- 8.59% in group C for bucks (p = .5570). For ewes, the duration from ram introduction to first oestrus, conception and lambing was significantly lower in group M than in group C (p .05). Litter size of M in doe and buck groups were 1.57 +/- 0.11 and 1.53 +/- 0.12, respectively, and 1.46 +/- 0.11and 1.50 +/- 0.09 in C group, respectively (p > .05). While the live weight and body condition score (BCS) of ewes were significantly affected by melatonin implants (p <= .05), the live weight and BCS of does were not affected. In conclusion, it might be said that melatonin implants obtained better results for reproduction in Tahirova sheep than Turkish Saanen goats.Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University [FBA-2018-2601]The Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University for supporting this study (project number: FBA-2018-2601
Motor skills, language development, and visual processing in preterm and full-term infants
No full textLanguage development is intertwined with motor development. This study examined how visual processing might mediate the relation between language development and motor skills in preterm (PT, n = 34, Mean gestational age = 30 weeks) and full-term infants (FT, n = 35, Mean gestational age = 38.9 weeks) at 13 months of age. Infants' visual processing, fine and gross motor skills were tested using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Parents reported on infants' language skills (word comprehension and early communicative behavior), using the Turkish version of CDI (TCDI). Results showed that PT infants performed worse than their FT peers on gross motor skills and visual processing, but not on language. When controlling for age and neonatal condition (being preterm or not), visual processing mediated the relation between gross motor skills and word comprehension as well as early communicative behavior. However, for fine motor skills, visual processing mediated the relation between fine motor skills and early communicative behavior but not word comprehension. The relations between motor skills and visual processing were more robust for the PT group than the FT group. Following developmental cascades, these findings suggest that motor skills contribute to language development through visual processing. These relations are prominent for preterm infants who have delays in motor skills. PT children's limited interactions with their environment due to problems in motor skills can be connected to delays in visual processing.James S. McDonnell Foundation Scholar Award [220020510]This work was supported by the James S. McDonnell Foundation Scholar Award (Grant no: 220020510) to Tilbe Goksun. We thank everyone at the Language and Cognition Lab at Koc University for their invaluable contributions to this project. Special thanks to Cerebral Palsy Turkey Metin Sabanc Center for Family Counseling for the institutional support, Dr. Nihan Hande Akcakaya, Banu Bingol, and Rahime Gokboa from Cerebral Palsy Turkey to their support for the project, El Bebek Gul Bebek Foundation for Premature Birth and Gymboree Classes for helping us reach out the families Special thanks to Feyza Nur Dik, pek Bahar Ungan, Merve Duran, ozge Eser, Rengim Lal Klavuz, layda Deringor, and lke Uysal who assisted with data transcription coding, and reliability. We are grateful to the children and parents who participated in the study. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request
