24 research outputs found
Advancing Online Dispute Resolution in Nigeria: Current Opportunities, Legal Challenges and the Ways Forward
Get PDFThe outbreak of COVID-19 has impacted the Nigerian legal system with the introduction of virtual court hearing. Currently, there is no legislation on virtual court hearings in Nigeria. The foregoing notwithstanding, this article examines the constitutionality of this type of hearing and its practicability under the extant laws. Virtual court had been discouraged because of the concern that it may not pass the test of public trial, which is constitutionally guaranteed. This article analyses the provisions of the Constitution as well as available case laws, which suggest that if certain requirements are met, virtual courts may pass the constitutional test of publicity of trial. It is also submitted that the virtual court will not offend the law on territorial jurisdiction. Nonetheless there are some legitimate concern about the issue of evidence, especially examination of witnesses, which may not be best suited for virtual court. Among these are technological inadequacy necessary for virtual court hearings in Nigeria leading to recommendations arising from practices in other jurisdictions
A control model of the operating head dynamics of Jebba hydropower system
No full textElectricity availability in Nigeria has been very poor over the years, underscoring the need for a better approach for managing generating resources. This paper presents the development of a dynamical model of the operating head of Jebba hydroelectric power plants for system studies and control system design. The mathematical model of the plant was developed from flow continuity conditions, some model parameters were obtained from the source while others were estimated from observations and analysis of the measured data. The developed dynamical equation was validated by comparing the response produced with values obtained by measurement. Upon integrating the model equation in Microsoft EXCEL VBA® environment, a deviation of 2% from measured values was observed. Operators can therefore use the model as a decision support system, while control engineers can find the model directly applicable for optimal and robust control system design for the station.Keywords: Control, Dynamical model, Hydropower, Inflow, Operating head
Too big to ignore: a review
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to study many of the complex issues and tradeoffs, policymakers must put in place in evaluating reforms to the oversight of Systemically Important Banks (SIBs). In particular, the author summarized a range of practical solutions covering two critical dimensions of debate: crisis prevention and crisis resolution. This study is important considering the extensive literature that has documented the impact of government policies on the financial institutions during and after the global financial and economic crises. The author, therefore, supports the notion that government play unprecedented role to shore up financial institution deemed to be too big to fail. He observed that government guarantees of bank debt, capital injections and cleansing of bank balance sheets, trigger a loss of public confidence in the financial system
Making a case for an interdisciplinary approach to water education towards sustainable development
No full textTraditional engineering education has focused on design principles and the integrity of products. It includes the designs for water supply and sanitation systems, water resources management, hydraulic structures, to name a few. However, this approach has led to a gap in design and implementation, leading to challenges in product uptake and sustainability. Water is central to several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), creating a web between the technical, environmental, social, financial, policy, and governance subsectors. Water engineers are critical to attaining the SDG goals; therefore, they must be trained to acquire the skills required for the task. For example, the WASH humanitarian sector has reiterated that the lack of the right expertise has been a bane to the delivery of interventions. Sustainable water projects must incorporate techno-centric, eco-centric, and Socio-centric concerns. A redirection of the water syllabus to include all the necessary aspects is the step towards transferring and acquiring the required skills. Content review is critical when water education sits within a civil engineering program. This paper presents calls for interdisciplinary engineering education from literature. It highlights the benefits of interdisciplinary water engineering education. The paper also provides approaches taken by the author to design and deliver interdisciplinary water modules and feedback from the students on each of the approaches. Overall, advocates for educators, universities, and training institutes to produce graduates who understand water engineers' dependence on other sectors for successful and more-sustainable solutions for society
A Case of Dystocia Induced by Misuse of Oxytocin in a Boerboel Bitch
Get PDFA two year old boerboel bitch with dark greenish vaginal discharge and history of over 24 hours of difficult labor was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital University of Ibadan for clinical examination and treatment. The owner had wrongfully given oxytocin after observation of signs of parturition. Following careful physical and clinical examinations of the bitch by Veterinary doctors, dystocia due to obstruction of maternal birth canal by a dead fetus was diagnosed. Treatment regimen was by digital manipulation which stimulated cervical dilatation and careful delivery of dead fetus via the vagina. Thereafter, oxytocin was administered to augment the bitch’s weak uterine contraction. Four weak puppies were delivered out of which three survived following adequate treatment
A comparative assessment of current and future pharmacovigilance in developed and developing countries - A case study of Ireland and Nigeria
No full textThe thesis objectives are to compare and evaluate the factors about reporting Adverse Drug Reactions in the developed and developing countries among healthcare professionals (Medical doctors and Pharmacists) using Ireland and Nigeria as a case study. Which a questionnaire survey and phone interviews for quantitative and qualitative analysis are carried out respectively within the two regions (Ireland and Nigeria). The challenges faced by medical professionals concerning ADR reporting are achieved based on their knowledge and awareness to determine an effective recommendation to help improve both regions using the comparison results and works of literature gathered. From the author results and analysis, both groups of healthcare professionals from the two regions were compared to determine their opinion in respect to observation and reporting of ADRs under the categories of under-reporting, ADR reporting methods, regulations and guidelines pertaining ADR report in both Ireland and Nigeria as HPRA and NAFDAC are the regulatory body responsible for handling submitted ADR reports. An Overall total of 122 respondents from both Nigeria and Ireland are received which consists of 47 respondents from Ireland (12 medical doctors and 43 pharmacists) and 75 respondents from Nigeria (32 medical doctors and 43 pharmacists) showing a response rate of 60.0% and 87.5% from 20 and 45 medical doctors and pharmacist from Ireland and response rate of 71.1% and 95.5% out of 45 respondents respectively from both medical doctors and pharmacist from Nigeria. Surprisingly, 98.0% of the correspondents which consist of 12 medical doctors and 35 pharmacists from Ireland responded to knowing how to report ADRs to compare to 71.0% from Nigeria which is quite above average consisting of 26 medical doctors and 27 pharmacists responded to knowing how ADRs is being reported. However, it shows that pharmacists had better knowledge, awareness, understanding, and experience over the medical doctors regarding ADRs reporting. However, 92.0% and 96.0% of respondents of both groups from Nigeria and Ireland respectively opted to ADR reporting being made compulsory as a professional obligation towards achieving and improving pharmacovigilance. Furthermore, the challenges affecting ADR reporting in Nigeria are associated with the inaccessibility of ADR report forms when needed, complex reporting processes while too busy and lack of time remained the most common challenging factor among this too regions. The least common challenges reported at both regions are level of clinical trial knowledge, a concern that ADR report mighty is wrong among, fear of legal liabilities, and fear of exposure to legal liabilities from patient or drug manufacturer. Finally, after proper comparison and recommendation from both sides from the country it shows the need for better improvement in awareness among healthcare professionals in Nigeria been the country with the highest level of challenges compare to their counterpart healthcare professionals and this could be achieved by organizing pharmacovigilance conferences, continuous education programs included in their professional courses and training to improve knowledge of ADR reporting. Establishment of ADR departments in healthcare institutions headed by ADR specialists and offering professional recognition rather than financial rewards are the sustainable recommendation to put in practice in both regions to further improve the practice of ADR reporting in Nigeria and Ireland. To wrap it up, the need for the regulatory bodies from the developing countries to work in hand with the developed countries to better improves awareness, knowledge, and improvement towards ADRs reporting system
A steepest descent algorithm for the optimal control of a cascaded hydropower system
Get PDFOptimal power generation along the cascaded Kainji-Jebba hydroelectric power system had been very difficult to achieve. The reservoirs operating heads are being affected by possible variation in impoundments upstream, stochastic factors that are weather-related, availability of the turbo-alternators and power generated at any time. Proposed in this paper, is an algorithm for solving the optimal release of water on the cascaded hydropower system based on steepest descent method. The uniqueness of this work is the conversion of the infinite dimensional control problem to a finite one, the introduction of clever techniques for choosing the steepest descent step size in each iteration and the nonlinear penalty embedded in the procedure. The control algorithm was implemented in an Excel VBA® environment to solve the ormulated Lagrange problem within an accuracy of 0.03%. It is recommended for use in system studies and control design for the optimal power generation in the cascaded hydropower system
THE PORTRAYAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN A PICTURE BOOK CLEO AND CLOE’S COLOURFUL DAY : A VERBAL AND VISUAL ANALYSIS
No full textThe present study entitled The Portrayal of Individual Differences in A Picture Book “Cleo and Cloe’s Colourful Day”:A Verbal and Visual Analysis investigates the verbal and visual portrayal of individual differences in the picture book revealed in the twin sisters. The study empoys a descriptive qualitative method to describe and interpret the data. Some theoretical frameworks were applied in this present study. In terms of verbal analyisis, transitivity proposed by Halliday (2002) was applied and for visual analysis, this study employed Kress and van Leuween’s (2006) visual grammar as well as Joyce and Gaudin’s (2011) picture book’s analysis. Furthermore, the last theoretical framework is individual differences characteristics from Jimoh and Olawuyi (2008). The analysis of verbal texts demonstrate that individual differences of the twin sisters in the picture book are mostly presented through material process. It implies that the author wants to show the twin sisters’s individual differences from the activity they choose and how they do that. Meanwhile, all visual elements covered in three metafunctions (representational, interpretational and compositional metafunction) also play a role in revealing the individual differences of the twin sisters in the picture book. The findings indicate that both verbal and visual elements in the picture book match each other in portraying the individual differences
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Pen Stroking the Soul of a People: Spiritual Foundations of Black Diasporan Literature
No full textThis project examines the presence of African-derived spiritual ideals within the black literary tradition as a means of highlighting the fundamental influence of spirituality on communities of the modern black diaspora. I begin the discussion with an examination of traditional African spirituality, focusing on Nigerian author Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart (1958). This discussion identifies four core principles of traditional African spirituality that resonate most thoroughly in diasporan communities: the interconnection of sacred and secular spheres, the concept of cyclical rather than linear time, the emphasis on a communal ethos, and the necessity for balance and reconciliation. I then examine the development of what I define as "Black Diasporan Spirituality," considering how these principles, resonating to varying degrees, constitute the basis for a philosophical system defining the universe and the place and role of mankind within it, as understood by African-descended peoples throughout the diaspora. Subsequently, I discuss the ways in which core elements of black spirituality at once inform and are represented in literature produced in Africa and the diaspora. Beginning with an analysis of James Weldon Johnson's God's Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse (1927) and Zora Neale Hurston's Jonah's Gourd Vine(1934), I examine "Black Diasporan Spirituality" as a defining influence on the black oral tradition, centering my discussion on the cultural articulation of the African American song sermon. Using James Baldwin's Go Tell It on the Mountain (1953) and The Amen Corner (1954), I then examine the consequences of religious practice in the absence of black spiritual ideals. Focusing on the presence of spirituality in spaces which are not formally designated as religious, I then consider Gloria Naylor's Mama Day (1988) as a narrative that positions "Black Diasporan Spirituality" as vital to the healing processes of black communities, addressing both the trauma and the reconciliation inherent in the construction of diaspora. Ultimately, this dissertation argues that a clear understanding of the nature and character of black spirituality is essential to understanding not only the literature, but also the many circumstances--historical, social and cultural--of the communities out of which each text emerges.Afro-American StudiesDoctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.
Evaluation of acrylamide exposure in pregnant Wistar rats as a risk of developing renal disease in their litters
No full textThis study was designed at evaluating the acrylamide (ACR) exposure in pregnant Wistar rats as a risk of developing renal disease in their litters. Four groups of pregnant female rats were used. Group 1 control animals were given 2 ml/kg/day of distilled water. Groups 2, 3, and 4 animals were given oral gavage doses of 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day of ACR respectively immediately pregnancy was confirmed. Mother rats were sacrificed 10 weeks after delivery and litters were sacrificed at 13 weeks. Proteinuria was observed in ACR-treated mother rats and their litters. Serum electrolytes, urea, and creatinine values observed in the treated group were deranged for both the mothers and litters respectively. Disruption of nephrogenesis was observed in the litters of ACR-treated mother compared to the control. The results of the effect of ACR on lipid profile indicated a significant elevation in the LDL, cholesterol, and triglyceride compared to the control. There was significant reduction in the SOD, catalase, GSH, and significant elevation in the C-reactive protein and malondialdehyde. Conclusively, exposure to acrylamide during pregnancy is a risk factor for the development of renal disease in the mother rats and their litters
