112 research outputs found
Delineating genetic ancestries of people of the Indus valley, Parsis, Indian jews and Tharu tribe
No full textPresented hereby is the 5th in a series of PhD theses prepared in Tartu University, addressing genetics of population history of the South Asian peoples. Inhabited considerably before the Last Glacial Maximum, the region harbors by now about 1.8 billion humans – almost a quarter of the global population. Therefore, understanding of present-day variation of the latter, in particular outside sub-Saharan Africa, is not possible without deeper knowledge about genetics of South Asian populations. This thesis is based on four published papers. The first one is focused on selected populations inhabiting northeastern Indus Valley, bearing, in particular, in mind ancient Indus Valley civilization and following it Vedic period. The second and the third paper address historically somewhat better known migrations, bringing to India religiously distinct Parsi and Jewish peoples. The fourth paper analyses the genetic variation of a populous Tharu tribe, living predominantly in Nepal, but also in northern provinces of India. Perhaps the most interesting finding of the first paper is that the presumably identified already in Vedic texts, Ror population exhibits significant genetic affinity with northern Steppe and West European peoples, testifying about prehistoric north to south migration(s). The arrival of Parsis to South Asia in 7th century was a consequence of the Islamization of Iran. Comparing Parsi genomes in their historic contexts, we observed their extensive admixture with South Asians, in particular, asymmetrically in paternal and maternal lineages. Nearly the same can be said about different Indian communities that preserved Judaist traditions: their genomes show affinities to peoples living in the Near and Middle East. As far as the genetically highly diverse Tharu tribe is concerned, a clearly distinct East Asian contribution can be seen, admixed with South Asian genetic heritage. It seems justified to identify the Tharu as cultural, rather than demic phenomenon
Induse jõe oru inimeste, parside, India juutide ja Tharu hõimu geneetilise põlvnemise piiritlemine
No full textVäitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsiooneKäesolev on viies Tartu Ülikoolis valminud väitekiri Lõuna-Aasia rahvaste geneetilisest ajaloost. Asustatud kaasaegse inimese poolt märksa enne viimase jääaja maksimumi, elab tänapäeval selles regioonis üle 1.8 miljardi inimese – pea veerand inimkonnast. Seega ei ole võimalik süvitsi mõista kaasaegse inimese geneetise varieeruvuse kujunemist, sh eriti väljapool Sahara-alust Aafrikat, omamata detailsemat teadmist Lõuna-Aasia rahvaste geneetikast
Väitekiri põhineb neljal ilmunud artiklil. Neist esimeses uurisime Kirde-Indiat asustavaid rahvaid seoses võimaliku pärinevusega Induse oru kultuurist ja järgnenud vedade ajastust. Teine ja kolmas artikkel on pühendatud migratsioonidele, mis tõid Indiasse religioosses mõttes uusi rahvagruppe: parsid Iraanist alates 7. sajandi lõpupoolelt ja juudid, kelle saabumine Indiasse on toimunud mitme lainena. Neljandas artiklis on vaatluse all Nepaalis, kuid ka India põhjapoolsetes osariikides elutsev rahvarohke tharu hõim.
Esimes artikli huvitavamaks leiuks on usutavasti juba vedade ajastust tuntud Rori populatsiooni genoomis väljenduv suurem geneetiline afiinsus põhjapoolse stepivööndi rahvastega, samuti ka lääne-eurooplastega, mis räägib põhja-lõunasuunalistest migratsiooni(de)st eelajaloolisel ajal.
Parside saabumist Lõuna-Aasiasse seostatakse Iraani islamiseerumisega 7. sajandil. Võrreldes parside genoome nende ajaloolises kontekstis leidsime ulatusliku segunemise Lõuna-Aasia rahvastega, sealjuures asümeetriliselt isa ja emaliinides. Sama saab väita ka Indias judaistliku traditsiooni elemente säilitanud erinevate kogukondade kohta, kelle genoomis on siiski selgelt säilunud Lähis- ja Kesk-Ida pärandit.
Puudutavalt aga geneetiliselt ulatuslikult varieeruvat tharu hõimu, kelle hulgas on selgesti eristatav ka Ida-Aasia komponent, segunenuna Lõuna-Aasia pärandiga, paistab õigustatud olevat neid vaadelda esmajoones mitte sedavõrd deemilise, kuivõrd just kultuurilise konstruktsioonina.Presented hereby is the 5th in a series of PhD theses prepared in Tartu University, addressing genetics of population history of the South Asian peoples. Inhabited considerably before the Last Glacial Maximum, the region harbors by now about 1.8 billion humans – almost a quarter of the global population. Therefore, understanding of present-day variation of the latter, in particular outside sub-Saharan Africa, is not possible without deeper knowledge about genetics of South Asian populations.
This thesis is based on four published papers. The first one is focused on selected populations inhabiting northeastern Indus Valley, bearing, in particular, in mind ancient Indus Valley civilization and following it Vedic period. The second and the third paper address historically somewhat better known migrations, bringing to India religiously distinct Parsi and Jewish peoples. The fourth paper analyses the genetic variation of a populous Tharu tribe, living predominantly in Nepal, but also in northern provinces of India.
Perhaps the most interesting finding of the first paper is that the presumably identified already in Vedic texts, Ror population exhibits significant genetic affinity with northern Steppe and West European peoples, testifying about prehistoric north to south migration(s).
The arrival of Parsis to South Asia in 7th century was a consequence of the Islamization of Iran. Comparing Parsi genomes in their historic contexts, we observed their extensive admixture with South Asians, in particular, asymmetrically in paternal and maternal lineages. Nearly the same can be said about different Indian communities that preserved Judaist traditions: their genomes show affinities to peoples living in the Near and Middle East.
As far as the genetically highly diverse Tharu tribe is concerned, a clearly distinct East Asian contribution can be seen, admixed with South Asian genetic heritage. It seems justified to identify the Tharu as cultural, rather than demic phenomenon.https://www.ester.ee/record=b542949
The Genetic Ancestry of Modern Indus Valley Populations from Northwest India
No full textThe Indus Valley has been the backdrop for several historic and prehistoric population movements between South Asia and West Eurasia. However, the genetic structure of present-day populations from Northwest India is poorly characterized. Here we report new genome-wide genotype data for 45 modern individuals from four Northwest Indian populations, including the Ror, whose long-term occupation of the region can be traced back to the early Vedic scriptures. Our results suggest that although the genetic architecture of most Northwest Indian populations fits well on the broader North-South Indian genetic cline, culturally distinct groups such as the Ror stand out by being genetically more akin to populations living west of India; such populations include prehistorical and early historical ancient individuals from the Swat Valley near the Indus Valley. We argue that this affinity is more likely a result of genetic continuity since the Bronze Age migrations from the Steppe Belt than a result of recent admixture. The observed patterns of genetic relationships both with modern and ancient West Eurasians suggest that the Ror can be used as a proxy for a population descended from the Ancestral North Indian (ANI) population. Collectively, our results show that the Indus Valley populations are characterized by considerable genetic heterogeneity that has persisted over thousands of years.sponsorship: We thank the Ror, Gujjar, Kamboj, and Jat communities for their support of this study and all individual volunteers for donating their samples. R.V. thanks the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Studies for support during his sabbatical stay in Uppsala. We thank Lehti Saag, Bayazit Yunusbayev, Hovhannes Sahakyan, Jose Rodrigo Flores Espinoza, and Erwan Pennarun for useful discussions and assistance. We thank Tuuli Reisberg for her assistance in genotype data curation. We also thank Mari Jarve for language editing. All data analyses were performed at the High-Performance Computer Centre of the University of Tartu, Estonia (http://www.hpc.ut.ee).Support was provided by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine (project no. 2014-2020.4.01.15-0012) to the EBC-IG and by the Estonian Institutional Research grant IUT24-1 (to A.K.P., R.V., M. Metspalu, S.R., E.M., and T.K.). M. Metspalu was supported by Estonian Research Council grant PRG 243. M. Mondal was supported by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (project no. 2014-2020.4.01.16-0030). G.C. is supported by National Geographic Explorer grant HJ3-182R-18, A.K. was supported by Estonian Personal grant PUT 1339, and L.P. was supported by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (project no. 2014-2020.4.01.16-0024, MOBTT53). A.K.P. was supported by the European Social Fund's Doctoral Studies and Internationalization Programme DoRa. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. (European Union through the European Regional Development Fund Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine|2014-2020.4.01.15-0012, Estonian Research Council|PRG 243, European Union through the European Regional Development Fund|2014-2020.4.01.16-0030, European Union through the European Regional Development Fund|2014-2020.4.01.16-0024, European Union through the European Regional Development Fund|MOBTT53, National Geographic Explorer grant|HJ3-182R-18, Estonian Personal grant|PUT 1339, Estonian Institutional Research grant|IUT24-1, European Social Fund's Doctoral Studies and Internationalization Programme DoRa)status: Publishe
Some Contributions to the Theory of Sampling.
No full textThe work Presented here had originated from a pioneering paper by Basu1 and is essentially an extension of his ideas to different problem in sample surveys. The whole word mainly consists in deriving estimators uniformly better than those usually adopted in with replacement schemes.in with replacement sampling schemes, the \u27order-statistic\u27 (distinct sample unite arranged in an ascending order of their unit-indices) forms a sufficient statistic. Therefore, if any estimator (e.g., say of the population man) does not depend on the \u27order-statistic\u27, it can be uniformly improved by the use of the Rao-blalckwell theorem. The author has not hesitated to use this powerful theorem to derive improved estimators- It T is a sufficient statistic, for any convex (downwards_ lose function, an estimator uniformly better than g(S) (where g(S) is some estimator based on the sample S) is given by E[g(S)1T]=S\u3eΣT g(S) p(S)/ S\u3eΣ T p(S)The whole theais ie divided into eight chapter and two ppendioen. Che pter II hau been davoted to the problen of finting moente of dietinet uni te that appear in a aple, thie chapber haa teen very helprul in getting now roulte in subeequent ehaptere whieh vould haw been, othervia, dieioult te obtain. It may te podntod out shat it we thie ohnpter vhiah ultiantely led the uthar te write don the theute. It hae been the authorte endeavour to prent selfcontadned trea tamt of the problens dinouneod haredn. N ia for thia and for the purpoee of completens that soe problene already oonaidered y other authom, ae alno given in a stapli fied fam. TheProblems with which have been dnly oonermel, are the entdmetion of the poulatton ana ? (or total), ste aqure nd the population varianoe. The problan of finting unbiaaed entinstor of the saqure of the population mean arone whi le finding undad varianoe entiantore of the eatiatore af . The following teahnique for finding waldaad varianoe eetimtore hae been uaed- if ia an unhdased catian tor of , an unbiaaed estigtor of v(4) ie givenly
Author reply: Post-COVID syndrome is a call for more research on all ‘post-viral illness syndromes’
No full textLiquid petroleum gas sensing application of ZnO/CdO:ZnO nanocomposites at low temperature
No full textUnravelling the distinct strains of Tharu ancestry
No full textThe northern region of the Indian subcontinent is a vast landscape interlaced by diverse ecologies, e.g. the Gangetic plain and the Himalayas. A great number of ethnic groups are found there, displayed as a multitude of languages and cultures. The Tharu represent one of the largest and linguistically most diversified such groups, scattered across the Tarai region of Nepal and bordering Indian states. Their origins are uncertain. Hypotheses have been advanced about an Austroasiatic affinity, Tibeto-Burman origins, as well as aboriginal roots in the Tarai. Several Tharu groups speak a variety of Indo-Aryan languages, but have traditionally been described by ethnographers as representing an East Asian phenotype. Their ancestry and intra-population diversity had previously been tested only for haploid (mtDNA and Y-chromosome) markers in a small portion of the population. This study presents the first systematic genetic survey of the Tharu from both Nepal and the Indian states of Uttaranchal and Uttar Pradesh, using genome-wide SNPs and haploid (mtDNA and Y-chromosome) markers. The results suggest that the 'ethnic' construct of Tharu is likely to have lain in the Tarai region, with a reconstructible radiation to Uttaranchal and Uttar Pradesh. Despite extensive admixture with other local communities, Tharu sub-populations preserve strong genetic signatures that indicate a common ancestry
International Journal of Pharmacy and life sciences, 2011, (2)11:1214-1215. AUTHORS First Author – Muhammad Mufakkar, Department of Chemistry , Government College of Science, Wahdat Road Lahore, Pakistan. Second Author – Muhammad Hammad Khan, Center for e
No full textAbstract Medicinal p lants are the nature's gift to human being to have disease-free healthy life. It p lays a vital role to preserve our health. India is one of the most med ico-culturally d iverse countries in the world where the medicinal p lant sector is part of a time-honored tradition that is respected even today. Medicinal plants are believed to be much safer and proved elixir in the treatment of various ailments. In our country, more than 2000 med icinal plants have b een recognized. Gri ffonia simplicifollia Fabaceae Family ) is an important medicinal plant for antidepressant. Its med icinal usage has been reported in the traditional systems of medicine. Gri ffonia Simplicifollia has been used extensively for treatment of some diseases like as depression, anxiety, insomn ia, fibro myalagia, and chronic headache. The present article including the detailed exploration of phyto -pharmacological properties of G. Simplicifollia is an attempt to provide a direction for further research
- …
