450 research outputs found
The Debt of the Nation
Full text linkThe debt of the nation comprises two parts, the external debt and the internal debt. After rapidly accumulating arrears of external debt in the post-sanctions period, Pakistan has had to seek re-scheduling of her external debt as part of a financing and reform package negotiated with the IMF. While re-scheduling has not been sought for the first time, the rising burden of this debt has generated a serious debate for the first time. In the heat of this debate, the heavier burden of the costlier internal debt has been nearly ignored. Although this paper takes account of the totality of the debt towards the end, its main focus is on the problem of external debt for reasons not only of its immediacy but the prospects of forced self-reliance raised by the financial and economic fall-out of the nuclear explosions of May 1998. Section II looks for the data sources and discovers that there are as many sizes of the debt as there are sources. In its latest report, the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) characterises the economy as “highly indebted” in terms of its external debt, while the latest Economic Survey (ES) does not consider the external debt as large as it appears. Section III analyses these claims in terms of the internationally recognised debt burden indicators. In Section IV, attention is devoted to debt sustainability criteria. Section V of the paper examines the question as to how debt, which also shows access to capital required for economic growth, was allowed to become a burden over time. The last Section presents main conclusions and suggests an agenda for action.
Geçit Mecmuası ve Kemal Tahir
No full textBu çalışmamda sürgün Kemal Tahir’in hayatı boyunca ilk ve tek yayımladığı dergi olan Geçit Mecmuası’nın hikâyesi, bu dergiyi kimlerle nasıl ve ne şekilde yayımladığı, yaşadığı zorluklar, çektiği sıkıntılar ve karşılaştığı güçlükler ve derginin kısa süren hayat hikayesinin nasıl son bulduğu anlatıldı. Geçit dergisi ele alınırken Kemal Tahir’in edebi kişiliği ve çevresindeki edebiyatçılar üzerinde de duruldu. Ayrıca o dönemdeki dergi ve yayın faaliyetleri hakkında, yayın dünyasının genel yapısı ile ilgili bilgiler de verildi. Yine Kemal Tahir’in, Kemal Tahir oluncaya kadar, maddi sıkıntılar haricinde yaşadığı sıkıntılardan da bahsedildi. Bu olaylar anlatılırken, arka planda da, ilerleyen yıllarda hayat arkadaşı olacak Fatma İrfan Serhan ile ilişkisi hakkında da dolaylı yoldan bilgi verildi. Bütün bunların tamamını ele aldığımızda; Kemal Tahir gibi bir kalem sahibinin, sadece resmi hayatıyla ele alınmaması gerektiği, onun, resmi hayatının yanında; sosyal, siyasi, maddi bir hayatının da olduğu hatta hayatının bu şeklinin biraz daha ön planda olması gerektiği anlatılmak istenmiştir. In this study of mine, the story of “Geçit”, which exiled Kemal Tahir pressed in his life for once, how and with whom he pressed this magazine, the troubles he went through and how the short life story of the magazine ended are all told. While we were dealing with the magazine “Geçit”, we focused on Kemal Tahir’s career and authors around him. Besides, we gave informaiton about activities of magazine and press of that period. Furthermore, we talked about the troubles that Kemal Tahir went through till he reached his career, exept for money problems. While these events were being told, we gave informaiton about Fatma Irfan Serhan, who would be his wife in the following years. Considering all these facts, we wanted to tell that the life story of an author like Kemal Tahir shouldn’t be dealt with only his formal life, besides his formal life he also had a social and political life even this type of his life must be in the foreground
Kemal Tahir'in din ve toplum görüşleri
No full textKemal Tahir, özellikle gerçekçi roman kategorisinde yazdığı eserleriyle Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türk Edebiyatı’nın önde gelen sanatçılarından biri olmuştur. Eserlerinde ve uzun süreli çalışmaları sonucunda oluşturduğu notlarında ekonomik, siyasal ve toplumsal konulardaki düşüncelerini yansıtmıştır. Fikirleri her zaman tartışma konusu olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Kemal Tahir’in dini ve toplumsal alandaki görüşlerini belirtmek amaçlanmaktadır. Yazarın hayatı, eserleri ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Kemal Tahir, yaşadığı toplumun sorunlarına kayıtsız kalamayan kişiliğe sahiptir. Bu yüzden yazar, toplum sorunlarının kaynağını tespit etmeye çok önem vermiş ve çözüm arayışında tarihe yönelmiştir. Dolayısıyla Türk tarihi ve Türk toplumu hakkında derinlemesine araştırmalar yapmış ve bu konularda fikir beyan etmiştir. Buradan yola çıkarak çalışmada Kemal Tahir’in Türk toplum yapısına dair görüşlerine ve Türk tarihini derinden etkileyen önemli olgulara dair düşüncelerine yer verilmiştir. Kemal Tahir’in din ile ilgili değerlendirmelerinde, benimsediği Marksizm görüşü etkili olmuştur. Dini, insan psikolojisinin bir ihtiyacı ve toplumda gerekli bir sosyal kurum olarak değerlendirir. Onun için dinin toplum hayatında gördüğü işlev önemlidir. Kemal Tahir'in din adamlarına bakışı çağdaşı olduğu yazarlarla genel olarak aynıdır. Din adamlarına eleştirel gözle bakmış, eserlerinde dini otoriteye sahip kişileri olumsuz tipler olarak betimlemiştir. Ayrıca eserlerinde toplumun inanç alanında, batıl inanışlar ve hurafelerin büyük etkisinin olduğunu vurgulamıştır.Kemal Tahir became one of the leading artists of Turkish Literature in the Republic Period with his works written especially in the category of realistic novels. As a result of his works and long-term planning studies, he reflected his thoughts on economic, political and social issues. His ideas have always been a matter of debate. In this study, it is aimed to state Kemal Tahir's views in religious and social field. The author 's life and works are examined in detail. Kemal Tahir has a personality that cannot be indifferent to the problems of his society. Therefore, the author attaches great importance to identifying the source of society problems and tends to history in solution seeking. So, he made in-depth researches about Turkish history and Turkish society and expressed his opinion on these issues. From this point of view, Kemal Tahir's views on Turkish social structure and his thoughts on important facts that deeply affect Turkish history are included in the study. Kemal Tahir's evaluation on religion was influenced by his view of Marxism. He evaluates religion as a necessity of human psychology and a necessary social institution in society. Therefore, the function of religion in community life is important. Kemal Tahir's view of clergymen is generally the same as in that period’s writers. He had a critical approach to clergymen and described people with religious authority as negative types in his works. In his works, he also emphasized that superstitious beliefs and superstitions had a strong effect in the belief field of society
DR. TAHIR TAUNSVI'S WORK ON MASOOD HASSAN RIZVI ADEEB
No full textDr. Tahir Taunsvi is a well-known and acclaimed researcher, critic, and poet of Urdu language and literature. His, more than seventy remarkable books (compilations and compositions) are a great contribution to Urdu research and criticism. He has also written more than three hundred valuable research articles. He introduced many literary personalities to the arena of the Urdu language and literature. Prominent Indian researcher and critic Syed Masood Hassan Rizvi Adeeb and his literary dimensions are an important field of Dr. Tahir Taunsvi’s research work. In this article, the authors have presented an analytical study of the following four research books of Dr. Tahir Taunsvi. Masood Hassan Rizvi Adeeb: Hayat Aur Karnamay, Lakhnawyat_e _Adeeb, Razm Nama Anees O Dabeer Taaruf O Taqabal, Masood Hassan Rizvi Adeeb, Kitabyaat. In these detailed and comprehensive research books, the author has unfolded the life history, different literary dimensions (especially, as a critic, researcher, and poet), and the worth of literary achievements of Syed Masood Hassan Rizvi Adeeb. This study not only unveils the salient features of these exceptional research books of Dr. Tahir Taunsvi but also throws light on the multidimensional literary aspects of renowned writer Masood Hassan Rizvi Adeeb
THE MAGAZINE “GEÇİT” AND KEMAL TAHİR
Full text linkIn this study of mine, the story of “Geçit”, which exiled Kemal Tahir pressed in his life for once, how and with whom he pressed this magazine, the troubles he went through and how the short life story of the magazine ended are all told. While we were dealing with the magazine “Geçit”, we focused on Kemal Tahir’s career and authors around him. Besides, we gave informaiton about activities of magazine and press of that period. Furthermore, we talked about the troubles that Kemal Tahir went through till he reached his career, exept for money problems. While these events were being told, we gave informaiton about Fatma Irfan Serhan, who would be his wife in the following years. Considering all these facts, we wanted to tell that the life story of an author like Kemal Tahir shouldn’t be dealt with only his formal life, besides his formal life he also had a social and political life even this type of his life must be in the foreground.</p
Noise performance of frequency- and phase-locked CW magnetrons operated as current-controlled oscillators.
Full text linkLow-power continuous wave ``cooker'' magnetrons driven from industrial-quality switch-mode power supplies have been frequency locked by driving them as current-controlled oscillators in a phase-lock loop (PLL). The noise performance of these frequency-locked oscillators is reported as a function of heater power. The injection of -30- to -40-dB signals derived from the reference oscillator of the PLL into the magnetron's output waveguide while the anode current is controlled by the PLL is shown to phase lock the magnetron's output. Results for locking performance are presented.
Investor influence in portfolio company growth and development strategy
No full textThe author empirically investigates these ideas, especially how investors, through a network of contacts, affect portfolio company growth and development
Bostanîzâde Mehmet Tahir Pasha His Work Titled Usûl-i Jabr
No full textTezimizin konusu, 19. Yüzyılda Osmanlıda yaşamış matematikçilerden
Bostanîzâde Mehmet Tahir Paşa tarafından kaleme alınan Usûl-i Cebr isimli
matematik eserinin transliterasyonu, sadeleştirilmesi ve içerik incelemesini
kapsamaktadır. "Usûl-i Cebr" cebir ilminin dayandığı prensipleri ve öğretilme
yöntemleri anlamına gelmektedir. Askeri okullarda ders kitabı olarak okutulmuş
Usûl-i Cebr, bu açıdan hem cebir ilminin prensiplerini hem de öğretim yöntemlerini
bir arada sunmaktadır.
Girişte klasik dönemde Osmanlının tevarüs ettiği bilim hayatı ve cebir bilimine
ilişkin eserlere kısaca göz attıkktan sonra özellikle Semerkant ekolünden yetişen
alimlerin eserlerinin Osmanlı cebir eğitimindeki gelişmelere ve Osmanlı cebir
geleneğinin oluşmasına değinilecektir. Klasik Osmanlı döneminde telif edilen hesap
kitaplarındaki cebir bölümlerine ilişkin bibliyografik veriler yanında klasik dönemden
modern döneme geçiş sırasında klasik tarzda yazılmış hangi eserlerin kullanıldığına
başlıklar altında temas edilmiştir. Osmanlı eğitim ve bilim hayatındaki değişmelere
kısaca temas edildikten sonra asıl olarak 1834'te kurulan Mekteb-i Harbiye'de cebir
eğitiminde, Bostanizâde Mehmet Tahir Paşa'nin Usûl-i Cebr kitabının yerine dikkat
çekilmiştir. Bu bölümde aynı zamanda 1834'te kurulan Mekteb-i Harbiye’de
matematiğin ana dallarından biri olan cebir eğitiminin kapsamı, mahiyeti ve önemi
incelenmiş ve cebir eğitiminin modern eğitimdeki yeri usulleri üzerinde durulmuştur.
Birinci Bölümde, Usûl-i Cebr müellifi Bostanîzâde Mehmet Tahir Paşa'nın
hayatı, eğitimi, kariyeri ve diğer çalışmaları ayrı ayrı başlıklar halinde ele alınmıştır.
Sultan II. Mahmud döneminde (1808-1839) ilk defa yurt dışına gönderilen
öğrencilerden biri de Mehmet Tahir olmuştur. İngiltere’de –muhtemelen Cambridge’de– eğitim gören Mehmed Tahir, yurda döndükten sonra uzun yıllar
Harbiye Mektebi’nde hocalık ve ders nazırlığı yapmıştır. Mehmed Tahir Paşa eğitimde
eksikliğini hissettiği ‘cebir’ konusunda tercüme değil doğrudan bir eser telif etmeyi
tercih etmiştir.
Tahir Paşa'nın yetiştirdiği talebeler arasında Lineer El-Cebra adlı eserin yazarı
Vidinli Hüseyin Tevfik Paşa da bulunmaktadır. Vidinli Tevfik Paşa, hocasının Usûl-i
Cebr adlı kitabına yapmış olduğu zeyl sebebiyle onun bu çalışmasına da kısmen
değinmek zorunda kaldık.
Tezimizin ana gövdesini Usûl-i Cebr’in transliterasyonu oluşturmaktadır.
Tabii olarak sadeleştirme öncesinde eserin -alıştırmalar kısmı hariç- transliterasyonu
yapılmış ve bu tezin üçüncü bölümüne konmuştur. Bu yoğun emek ve hassasiyet
isteyen çalışma sonrasında ancak bir matematiksel değerlendirme imkânı doğmuştur.
Usûl-i Cebr; cebirin temel kavramlarını ve problemlerini ele alan bir kitap olup
öncelikle dönemin matematik eğitimi ve araştırmalarında cebirin önemini
vurgulamaktadır, oldukça da kapsamlıdır. Eser, mukaddime ve 37 konu başlığı altında
toplam 186 maddeden oluşmaktadır.
Mukaddimede müellif klasik dönem Osmanlı bilim literatürü dibacelerinde yer
alan hamdele, salvele ve dualardan sonra eseri yazma sebebini şu şekilde
açıklamaktadır. Mekteb-i Harbiye-i Şahane ilm-i cebr ve'l-mukabele dersi hocalığına
tayin olduğumda talebeler için yabancı dillerden tercüme yolu ile perakende notlar
hazırlamıştım. Akabinde bu notların dağılması, başka işler için kullanılması
kaçınılmaz olduğundan bu dağınık notları bir araya getirmeyi azmetmiştim. Tahir Paşa
daha önce Mühendishane-i Berri-i Hümayun eski başhocası Hacı Hafız İshak
Efendi'nin yazıdğı Mecmua-i Ulum-ı Riyaziye'nin 1. Cildinde cebir ilmine ilişkin bazı
kurallar yer almakta olduğunu ayrca konu ile ilgili Avrupa dillerinden çevrilmiş,
mütercimleri bilinmeyen birkaç risale daha yazıldığını ancak bütün bunların oldukça
yetersiz ve başlangıç seviyesinde kaldığına dikkat çekmiştir. Oysa müellife göre cebir
ilmi birçok yöntem ve kuralı kapsar, ayrıca uygulama alanında ise uzmanlık
derecesinde bir tahsili gerektirir. Bütün bunları göz önünde bulunduran Tahir Paşa, öteden beri içinde ukte olan eserini nihayet Sultan Abdülmecid Han zamanında
tamamlama imkânı bulmuştur. Adını da "Usûl-i Cebr" koymuştur.
Tezimizde Mekteb-i Harbiye’de cebir dersleri, cebir eğitimi veren hocalar ile
bu kişilerin yazdıkları cebire dair kitaplar ve içerikleri de ayrıca araştırılmıştır.
Öncelikle Mekteb-i Harbiye müfredatı incelenerek ilgili veriler tespit edilmiştir.
Son olarak Tahir Paşa’nın Usûl-i Cebr adlı eserinin transliterasyonu,
sadeleştirilmesi ve içerik incelemesi yapılmıştır. Tezin sonunda, eserde geçen
matematik terimlerinin bir sözlüğü hazırlanmış ve okuyucuların istifadesine
sunulmuştur.The subject of our thesis is the transliteration, simplification and content
analysis of the mathematical work Usûl-i Cebr written by Bostanîzâde Mehmet Tahir
Pasha, one of the mathematicians who lived in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century.
"Usûl-i Cebr" means the principles on which the science of algebra is based and the
methods of teaching it. Usūl al-Jabr, which was taught as a textbook in military
schools, presents both the principles of algebra and teaching methods together.
After briefly reviewing the scientific life of the Ottoman Empire in the classical
period and the works on the science of algebra, we will discuss the developments in
Ottoman algebra education and the formation of the Ottoman algebra tradition,
especially the works of scholars from the Samarkand school. In addition to
bibliographic data on the algebra chapters in the calculus books written in the classical
Ottoman period, the works written in the classical style during the transition from the
classical period to the modern period are discussed under headings. After briefly
touching upon the changes in Ottoman education and science, attention is drawn to the
place of Bostanizade Mehmet Tahir Pasha's Usûl-i Cebr in algebra education at the
Mekteb-i Harbiye, which was founded in 1834. This chapter also examines the scope,
nature and importance of algebra education, one of the main branches of mathematics
at the Mekteb-i Harbiye established in 1834 and emphasizes the place of algebra
education in modern education.
In Chapter One, Bostanîzâde Mehmet Tahir Pasha's life, education, career and
other works are discussed under separate headings.
Mehmet Tahir was one of the first students sent abroad during the reign of
Sultan Mahmud II (1808-1839). Mehmed Tahir studied in England, probably in Cambridge, and after returning home, he worked as a teacher and lecturer at the
Harbiye Mektebi for many years. Mehmed Tahir Pasha preferred to compose a direct
work on 'algebra', which he felt was lacking in education, rather than translating it.
Among the students trained by Tahir Pasha was Vidinli Hüseyin Tevfik Pasha,
the author of Linear El-Cebra. Since Vidinli Tevfik Pasha made an addendum to his
teacher's book Usul-i Jabr, we had to partially mention his work.
The main body of our thesis is the transliteration of Usûl-i Jabr. Naturally,
before the simplification, the transliteration of the work -except for the studies- was
done and placed in the third chapter of this thesis. Only after an intensive and sensitive
studying on this work, a mathematical evaluation was possible.
Usûl-i Cebr is a book that deals with the basic concepts and problems of
algebra, emphasizes the importance of algebra in mathematics education and research
of the period, and is quite comprehensive. The work consists of a total of 186 articles
under 37 topics and an introduction.
In the introduction, the author explains the reason for writing the work after the
hamdele, salvala and prayers that are found in the classical Ottoman scientific
literature. When I was appointed as a lecturer at the Mekteb-i Harbiye-i Şahane, I had
prepared retail notes for the students through translations from foreign languages.
Subsequently, since it was inevitable that these notes would be scattered and used for
other works, I was determined to bring these scattered notes together. Tahir Pasha
pointed out that the first volume of the Mecmua-i Ulum-ı Riyaziye, written by Hacı
Hafız İshak Efendi, the former head teacher of the Mühendishane-i Berri-i Hümayun,
contained some rules on algebra, and that there were a few other treatises on the subject
translated from European languages, the translators of which were unknown, but all of
these were quite inadequate and remained at an elementary level. However, according
to the author, the science of algebra encompasses many methods and rules and requires
a specialized education in its application. Considering all this, Tahir Pasha finally
found the opportunity to complete his work, which had been a longtime ambition of
his, during the reign of Sultan Abdülmecid Khan. He named it "Usul-i Cebr". In our thesis, the algebra courses at Mekteb-i Harbiye, the professors who
taught algebra, the books on algebra written by these people and their contents were
also investigated. First of all, the curriculum of Mekteb-i Harbiye was analyzed and
the relevant data were identified.
Finally, the transliteration, simplification and content analysis of Tahir Pasha's
Usûl-i Cebr were analyzed. At the end of the thesis, a glossary of the mathematical
terms in the work was prepared and presented to the readers
Essays on financial markets
Full text linkThe impact of uncertainty is one of the most widely studied topics in economics and finance. It has become a major concern for economists, policy makers, agents in financial markets and households. Pastor and Veronesi (2009) presented a theoretical model explaining how negative uncertainty causes contraction in economic activities, decrease in stock prices and reduction in demand. At the same time the model also shows that positive uncertainty such as advancement in technology and strengthening of trade links can have positive impact on real activity.
The effect of uncertainty on the financial sector is an empirical issue. By utilizing Baker, Bloom and Davis (2016) Economic Policy Uncertainty index which is a robust proxy of policy induced economic uncertainty this work shows that in the UK, Jegadeesh and Tittman (1993) momentum returns only exist following months of low uncertainty and is absent following months of high uncertainty. Further, using time varying dynamic
conditional correlation it is shown that stock markets in the OECD region are adversely affected by economic policy uncertainty. The results of the third chapter indicate that economic policy uncertainty significantly adds to the long term volatility in brent oil, silver, palladium and aluminium futures.
The next part of the thesis empirically test the appropriateness of global optimization technique to fit non-convex yield curves of the Nelson-Svensson-Siegel family using Bundes Bank data. Lastly, using canonical models of instantaneous interest rate the results show that real interest rate in the US does not follow mean reverting behaviour between 1978-2017.
This research adds to two strands of the existing literature. The first strand adds to research related to economic policy uncertainty, which is thus useful for policy makers and participants in the financial markets. The results provide evidence on reaping excess momentum profits following months of low uncertainty. The results also provide evidence against simultaneously investing across markets in the OECD region. Thirdly results show that metals like platinum and aluminium are safe hedges during periods of high economic policy uncertainty.
The section on interest rates, adds to the existing literature such that it improves the overall accuracy of yield curve which are further used in policy making by economists. Using inappropriate methodologies to fit yield curves would not only result in spurious curves but also in flawed polices and policy outcomes. Lastly by calibrating real interest rate for the US policy makers can probe the elasticity behaviour of consumers and target inflation accordingly
Dr. Tahir Taunsvi’s Art of Poem Writing
Full text linkDr. Tahir Taunsvi is a distinguished researcher, critic and poet of Urdu language and literature. The most important aspect of his literary work is based on research and criticism. He made useful contributions in the field of Urdu poetry as well. His poetry book “Tu...Tae hwa na” was published by “Bazam e Elam o Fun Pakistan” in 2001 AD. This book consists of impressive poems, poetics , “Hamd”, “Naat”, “Manqabat” and “Slaam”. His poems connect the readers to the tradition of Urdu poetry. It also reflects the modern themes and styles. In his poems he expresses great love for Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), his sacred family and Islamic culture. His poems also reflect the themes of love, great human values and historical consciousness. In this article, the author has presented a brief evaluation of his poetry with reference to his poems
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