171,498 research outputs found
Identifikasi Kebutuhan Konsumen Katering Makan Siang Di Lingkup Dosen dan Karyawan Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta
Get PDFBisma Catering merupakan teaching factory di program studi vokasi D-IV Bisnis Jasa Makanan. Konsumen Bisma Catering adalah dosen dan karyawan Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. Konsumen memiliki kebutuhan dan selera yang berbeda-beda. Permasalahannya adalah Bisma Catering belum memiliki data akan keinginan dan selera konsumen. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan mendokumentasikan kebutuhan konsumen katering di Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. Studi ini merupakan studi deskriptif dengan metode survei. Subyek adalah dosen dan karyawan UAD dengan jumlah (n) 100 orang. Instrumen studi berupa google form yang disebar melalui aplikasi whatsapp. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil studi menunjukkan 58,7% responden adalah perempuan. 59,7% berprofesi sebagai dosen dan 40,3% karyawan. 42,9%% responden menginginkan makan siang dengan rentang harga Rp 13.000-15.000. 44,7% menyukai rasa sedikit pedas. 93,5% tidak ada alergi makanan, 93,5% menyukai sayur dan 67,5% menginginkan masakan yang ditumis. 48,1% menginginkan kemasan rantang plastik
Neopronematus iranensis Ahmad
No full textNeopronematus iranensis Ahmad –Hosseini et al., 2017 Diagnosis (female) Dorsal idiosomal setae long and serrated, setae ag3 bifurcate, tarsal solenidion ωI short (5) and 5 times shorter than tarsus I (25), famulus κ (3) slightly longer than solenidion φ (2), cheliceral stiletto (14–15) longer than palp tarsus (10) and ag4 (16–17) longer than ag1 (11–12). Full details of description of this species can be found in Ahmad-Hosseini et al. (2017a). Material examined Hamedan province: Asadabad – 19 Oct. 2015 (n = 2), 29 Aug. 2016 (n = 3); Abshineh village (34° 46' N; 48° 36' E) – 3 Aug. 2016 (n = 4). Lorestan province: Kahman canyon – 13 Oct. 2015 (n = 6).Published as part of Ahmad-Hosseini, Mohammad, Khanjani, Mohammad & Karamian, Roya, 2019, Study on predatory mites of Aceria tristriatus (Nalepa, 1890) from Hamedan and Lorestan provinces, Western Iran, pp. 125-145 in Persian Journal of Acarology 8 (2) on page 141, DOI: 10.22073/pja.v8i2.45640, http://zenodo.org/record/464489
Trilocha nicobari N. Singh & Ahmad 2021, sp. nov.
No full text– T. nicobari N. Singh & Ahmad, sp. nov. Type information. TL: 4 km South of Vijay nagar, Great Nicobar Island, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Holotype male, depository: NZCZSI. Distribution: Great Nicobar island, India. Remark: T. nicobari, sp. nov. is a closely similar species of T. varians, a widely distributed species in India, including Andaman Islands. However, all the records of Nicobar belong to the new species only. Therefore, T. nicobari and T. varians appears to be allopatric with the former as an endemic to Nicobar.Published as part of Singh, Navneet, Ahmad, Jalil & Chandra, Kailash, 2021, A new species of genus Trilocha Moore, [1860] from Great Nicobar Island, India (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea, Bombycidae), pp. 586-592 in Zootaxa 4970 (3) on page 587, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4970.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/476666
Tantunema enigmatum Ahmad, 2010, n. sp.
No full textTantunema enigmatum n. sp. (Figs. 1, 2) Measurements: Table 1 Description. Female: Body slightly curved ventrad upon fixation, tapering slightly anteriorly, posteriorly ending in a short hemispheroid tail. Outer cuticle smooth, inner cuticle transversely striated, loose, 1.0– 1.5 µm thick at mid body and 1.5 –2.0 µm on tail. Lateral hypodermal chords about one-third of body width at mid body. Lateral, dorsal and ventral body pores indistinct. Lip region angular, distinctly offset, about two and a half times as wide as high and about one-half to onethird as wide as body width at neck base; lips amalgamated; labial papillae slightly raised. Circumoral sclerotization well developed. Post-labial sclerotization absent. Amphids small, aperture pore-like. Odontostyle slender, dorylaimoid, about 1.0– 1.2 times lip region width long; its aperture about one-fourth of its length. Guiding apparatus a single, fixed ring at 0.55–0.68 lip region widths from anterior end. Odontophore simple rod-like, 1.0– 1.2 times the odontostyle length. Nerve ring at about 44–49 % of neck length from the anterior end. Anterior part of pharynx slender, weakly muscular, expanding abruptly into a cylindrical basal bulb; a distinct constriction present between two parts of pharynx. Expanded portion occupying about 35–39 % of the total neck length; and seems to be divisible into a short, conical, less muscular anterior part and a posterior muscular cylindrical part with thickened inner lining; lumen of the posterior one-third of expanded portion distinctly widened and thickened. Cardia short-conoid, about onefourth of corresponding body width long. Pharyngeal gland nuclei and their orifices are located as follows: D = 73–76 %; AS 1 = 24–28 %; AS 2 = 41–45 %; PS 1 = 68–69 %; PS 2 = 70–72 % Genital system mono-opisthodelphic; anterior branch totally absent. Ovary reflexed, measuring 32–42 µm with oocytes arranged in single row except near tip. Oviduct joining ovary subterminally, measuring 32–39 µm long. A weak sphincter present at oviduct–uterus junction. Uterus an undifferentiated tube, measuring 16– 30 µm. Vagina about one-third of the corresponding body width deep. Pars proximalis vaginae 4–4.5 µm long with straight walls, encircled by circular musculature; pars refringens vaginae absent; pars distalis vaginae measuring 1.5–2 µm with curved wall. Vulva transverse. Prerectum 1.8–2.6 anal body widths long. Rectum about one anal body width long. Tail short, hemispheroid, 0.76–0.86 times anal body width long. Caudal pores two on each side. Male: Not found. Type habitat and locality. Soil around roots of forest trees from Kent Ridge Park near the National University of Singapore; Collected on September 1, 2003. Type material. Holotype female on slide Tantunema enigmatum n. sp. / 1; paratype females on slide Tantunema enigmatum n. sp. / 2–6; deposited with nematode collection of the Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, India. Diagnosis and relationships: Tantunema enigmatum n. sp. is characterised by having 0.33–0.41 mm long body; angular, distinctly offset lip region; well developed circumoral sclerotization; odontostyle slender with aperture about 1 / 4 th of its length; simple rod-like odontophore; anterior part of pharynx slender, weakly muscular, expanding abruptly into a cylindroid basal bulb, a distinct constriction present between two parts of pharynx; expanded portion divisible into a short conical less muscular anterior part and a posterior muscular cylindrical part with thickened inner lining; lumen of the posterior one-third of expanded portion distinctly widened and thickened; mono-opisthodelphic female genital system and short hemispheroid tail. Tantunema enigmatum n. sp. Dorella shamimi n. sp. Characters Holotype Paratype females Holotype Paratype Females Paratype The genus Tantunema Siddiqi, 1982 is presently represented by three known species, viz., T. bothriocepahalum Siddiqi, 1982, T. aquaticum Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1983, and T. rossi (Yeates, 1979) Peña- Santiago & Coomans, 1996. In the first two species, the anterior slender part of pharynx is distinctly muscular, whereas, in T. rossi it is slender and weakly muscular but the pharyngeal expansion is gradual in all three species; the pharyngeal lumen is also not distinctly thickened. In the presence of circumoral sclerotization and nature of its pharynx, the new species is distinctly different from the three current species. It does not even completely fit the generic diagnosis of Tantunema, and may well represent a new genus. However, in general body shape, the shape of lip region, nature of odontostyle and odontophore, pore-like amphid aperture, nature of female genital system and tail shape the present species has close resemblance with the genus Tantunema and hence instead of proposing a new closely related genus, the present population has been described as a new species of Tantunema and named T. enigmatum n. sp. because of its enigmatic position. In addition to the differences in the nature of stoma and pharynx, the new species further differs from T. bothriocepahalum Siddiqi, 1982 in having longer odontostyle (7–8 vs 4.5–6.5 µm); simple odontophore (vs odontophore swollen at base), and shorter tail (vs one anal body width). From T. aquaticum Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1983, the new species differs in having shorter and robust body (vs L= 0.53–0.61 mm; a= 28–33), smaller pharynx (vs pharynx 139–142 µm; b= 3.8–4.2), comparatively longer prerectum (vs prerectum 33–45 µm), and shorter tail (vs c’= 1.2–1.5). From T. roosi Yeates, 1979, the new species differs in having smaller body size (vs 0.43–0.52 mm), in the shape of lip region (vs lip region rounded), comparatively longer odontostyle (vs 6 µm), and anterior vulva position (vs V= 54–58). Andrássy (2009) transferred Tylencholaimus intermedius Peña-Santiago & Coomans, 1996 to the genus Tantunema. This act has not been accepted here. Etymology: The species epithet enigmatum refers to the enigmatic position of this species under the genus Tantunema.Published as part of Ahmad, Wasim, 2010, Three new and a known species of Tylencholaimoidea (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Singapore, pp. 51-64 in Zootaxa 2505 on pages 52-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19588
I "GIOIELLI" NEI FONDI DELLA BIBLIOTECA UNIVERSITARIA DI BOLOGNA: IL MS. 3406 DI AL-ANSARI SULLE VIRTU' DELLE PIETRE PREZIOSE
No full textL’opera, conservata nel Fondo Marsili della Biblioteca Universitari di Bologna, è il manoscritto n. 3406 “Nuḫab al-dakā’ir fī aḥwāl al-ǧawāhir” (Selezione dei tesori in merito ai gioielli) del sec. XVI di Al Ansari. Questo volume contiene, oltre alle fotografie digitali del testo originale, una presentazione dell’opera a cura della direttrice della Biblioteca universitaria di Bologna dott.ssa Biancastella Antoninouno; uno studio sull’autore del manoscritto e la sua opera, nonché sugli studi sulle pietre preziose dei principali autori arabi, la trascrizione e la traduzione in italiano del testo originale, a cura di Ahmad Addous; una Scheda codicologica di Franco Pasti; un Glossario curato da Giulio Soravia per comprendere le parole relative alle pietre preziose, ai pesi e misure e l’indice dei nomi citati da al-Ansari. Infine, il vasto apparato bibliografico, si deve a Ahmad Addous e Giulio Soravia
Mesodorylaimus bomdillaensis Tauheed & Ahmad, 2010, n. sp.
No full textMesodorylaimus bomdillaensis n. sp. (Fig. 7, 8) Measurements: Table 4. Description. Female: Body slightly curved ventrad upon fixation, tapering towards both extremities but more so towards the posterior end. Cuticle with fine transverse striations, 1.0– 1.5 µm thick at mid body and 2.5 –3.0 µm on tail. Lateral hypodermal chords about one-third of body width at mid body. Lateral, dorsal and ventral body pores indistinct. Lip region offset by slight depression, about three times as wide as high and about one-third as wide as body width at neck base. Lips rounded, amalgamated; labial and cephalic papillae not interfering with the labial contour. Amphids stirrup-shaped, their aperture occupying about half of the lip region width wide. Odontostyle 1.25 times the lip region width long, its aperture about one-third of its length. Guiding ring ‘double’ weak, at 0.87 times lip region width from anterior end. Odontophore simple, rod-like, 1.25–1.3 times the odontostyle length. Nerve ring encircling the anterior slender part of pharynx, at 42–46.5 % of neck length from anterior end. Pharyngeal expansion gradual; expanded portion occupying about 35–39 % of total neck length. Cardia elongate conoid, two-thirds to three-fourths of the corresponding body width long. Pharyngeal gland nuclei located as follows: D = 67 %; AS 1 = 20–25 %; AS 2 = 35–39 %; PS 1 = 70–72 %; PS 2 = 76–79 %. Genital system didelphic-amphidelphic; both branches almost equally developed. Ovaries reflexed, short, not reaching or surpassing the oviduct–uterus junction, measuring 28–33 µm (anterior) and 26–39 µm (posterior); oocytes arranged in single row except near the tip. Oviduct joining the ovary subterminally, measuring 40–44 µm (anterior) and 39–53 µm (posterior). It consists of a long slender part with prismatic cells and a slightly wider pars dilatata with obscure lumen. Oviduct-uterus junction slightly demarcated. Sperm not present either in uterus or oviduct. Uterus a short tube with obscure lumen, measuring 15–18 µm (anterior) and 15–17 µm (posterior), or about as long as the corresponding body width. Vulva transverse, slitlike. Vagina extending inwards for about slightly more than one-third of the corresponding body width; pars proximalis vaginae 5 µm long, with convex walls, encircled by circular musculature; pars refringens vaginae with two divergent usually well separated rectangular sclerotized pieces, each measuring 1 x 2–3 µm and with a combined width (cw) = 4–5 µm; pars distalis vaginae short, 2–3 µm long with slightly curved walls and a circular structure at the inner core. A well developed anteriorly directed tongue-like projection observed at the intestine-prerectum junction. Prerectum length 1.6–1.9 anal body widths; rectum about 1.4–1.6 times anal body width long. Tail elongate, filiform, 12.7–13.6 times anal body width long, gradually tapering on both sides to a pointed terminus, with no distinct hyaline part. Caudal pores two pairs, one on each side. Male: Not found. Type habitat and locality. Soil around the roots of ginger, from Coila vati, Bomdilla, district West Kameng, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Type material. Holotype female on slide Mesodorylaimus bomdillaensis n. sp. / 1; paratype females on slide Mesodorylaimus bondillaensis n. sp. / 2–3; deposited with the nematode collection of the Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. A paratype female deposited with the nematode collection of the Universidad de Jaén, Spain. Diagnosis and relationships: Mesodorylaimus bomdillaensis n. sp. is characterized by having 0.73–0.81 mm long body; lip region offset by slight depression, ‘double’ guiding ring; stirrup-shaped amphid; 10 µm long odontostyle; pharyngeal expansion gradual; amphidelphic female genital system; transverse vulva; tongue-like structure at intestine-prerectum junction and tail long filiform with pointed terminus. In the presence of long filliform tail and small body size, the new species comes close to M. chamoliensis Ahmad, 1995; M. pusillus (Cobb, 1893) Andrássy, 1959; M. longicaudatus Ahmad and Araki, 2003; and M. loofi Ahmad, 1993 but differs from the former in having ‘double’ guiding ring (vs single); rounded lip region (vs flat lip region); longer and differently shaped cardia (vs short conoid to hemishpherical, 10–18 µm); tongue-like structure present at the intestine-prerectum junction (vs tongue-like structure absent). From M. pusillus, the new species differs in having ‘double’ guiding ring (vs single); shorter odontostyle (vs twice lip region widths long); pharyngeal expansion gradual (vs sudden); slightly shorter prerectum (vs more than twice anal body widths long), and longer tail (vs c = 5.6–6.7, c’= 9–11). It differs from M. longicaudatus, in having smaller and robust body (vs L= 1.13–1.36 mm, a = 40–49); shorter odontostyle and odontophore (vs odontostyle 12–13 µm, odontophore 14–15 µm); ‘double’ guiding ring (vs single); smaller expanded part of pharynx (vs pharynx 98–111 µm), longer and differently shaped cardia (vs hemispheroid, 9–12 µm), shorter prerectum (vs 38–56 µm); tongue-like structure present in intestine-prerectum junction (vs absent); smaller tail (vs tail 264–316 µm long, c’= 14.8–16.5) and without distinct hyaline part in tail (vs hyaline part 42–43 %). From M. loofi, the new species differs in having; smaller body (vs L = 1.2–1.5 mm); lip region offset by slight depression (vs lip region almost continuous), shorter odontostyle and odontophore (vs odontostyle 13– 14 µm; odontophore 16–21 µm); smaller pharynx (vs 263–290 µm); tongue-like structure present at intestineprerectum junction (vs absent); smaller tail (vs c = 4.9–6.7; c’ = 10–13.8) and absence of male (vs present). Etymology: The new species is named M. bombillaensis because it was collected from Bomdilla.Published as part of Tauheed, Uzma & Ahmad, Wasim, 2010, Four new species of the genus Mesodorylaimus Andrássy, 1959 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from India, pp. 19-35 in Zootaxa 2642 on pages 31-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19861
Oriverutus longicaudatus Peña-Santiago & Liébanas & Ahmad 2014
No full textOriverutus longicaudatus, originally described by Ahmad and Siddiqi (1997) from Cameroon, is an atypical species within its genus because of its apparently double guiding ring (see Ahmad and Jairajpuri’ s Fig. 3A) and long tail (108– 153 µm, c = 6.2–10.6, c' = 6.3–9.5). Andrássy (2002) regarded it as a junior synonym of O. macramphidius, but some relevant differences between the two species can be found to maintain tentatively a separate status for them, for instance neck length [289–386 µm, b = 3.4–3.7 in O. longicaudatus (n = 12) versus 237 µm, b = 5.3 in O. macramphidius (n = 1)] and vulva position (V = 48–51 versus V = 53).Published as part of Peña-Santiago, Reyes, Liébanas, Gracia & Ahmad, Wasim, 2014, Taxonomy of the genus Oriverutus Siddiqi, 1971 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida: Nordiidae), pp. 1253-1278 in Journal of Natural History 48 (21) on page 1264, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.861942, http://zenodo.org/record/400689
Tylencholaimus ladakhiensis Ahad & Ahmad, 2016, sp. n.
No full textTylencholaimus ladakhiensis sp. n. (Figs. 15 & 16) Measurements: See Table 8. Description. Female: Slender nematodes of small size, under 1 mm long; body cylindrical, tapering gradually towards both extremities, slightly ventrally curved upon fixation. Cuticle with two distinct layers, 2 Μm thick at midbody and 2.5 –3.0 Μm on tail. Outer cuticle thin, finely striated; inner layer thick with distinct radial refractive elements. Lateral chords occupying about 33–38 % of the midbody diameter. Lateral, dorsal and ventral body pores indistinct. Lip region cap-like, offset by slight constriction, 2.3–2.5 times as wide as high or less than one-third of the body diameter at neck base. Lip region truncate, lips amalgamated, with their inner part somewhat elevated; the submedian lips appear as two round bulges (fig 16 A). Amphids cup-shaped with aperture located at the level of cephalic constriction and occupying about one-third of lip region diameter. Stoma a truncate cone. Odontostyle 1.0– 1.1 times the lip region diameter long, with very narrow but distinct lumen and its aperture more than onefourth of the odontostyle length. Odontophore rod-like with faint basal knobs, 1.0– 1.2 times the odontostyle length. Guiding ring simple, refractive, at 0.6 times lip region diameter from anterior end. Pharynx consists of a slender and weakly muscular anterior part, expanding abruptly into a cylindrical basal bulb, with thick-walled lumen, occupying about 38–45 % of total neck length. Pharyngeal gland nuclei and their orifices are located as follows: DO = 61–63, DN = 63–66, S 1 N 1 = 76–80, S 1 N 2 = 82–84, S 2 N = 95–96, S 2 O = 96–97. Nerve ring located at 38–44 % of neck length from anterior end. Cardia rounded, conoid, somewhat less than one-third to one-half of the corresponding body diameter long. Genital system didelphic-amphidelphic. Ovaries reflexed, measuring 46–55 µm (anterior) and 37–58 µm (posterior) long, not reaching the oviduct-uterus junction; oocytes arranged in single row except near tip. Oviduct joining the ovary subterminally, measuring 54–70 µm (anterior) and 62–82 µm (posterior), its proximal and distal parts not differentiated. Oviduct-uterus junction marked by well developed sphincter. Uterus short and tubular, measuring 20–23 µm (anterior) and 19–20 µm (posterior). Vagina cylindrical; pars proximalis vaginae 4–6 µm long, its wall encircled by muscles; pars distalis vaginae short, with slightly curved walls; pars refringens absent. Vulva apparently a transverse slit. Prerectum 2.7–3.4 and rectum 0.7–1.1 anal body diameter long. Tail cylindrical, rounded-conoid, 1.1–1.3 times anal body diameter long, with a distinct terminal caudal pores. Male: Not found. Type habitat and locality. Soil around the roots of the Populus sp. near the bank of Suru River, Bulbul Bagh, Kargil, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir state, India. Type specimens. Holotype female on slide Tylencholaimus ladakhiensis sp. n. / 1; paratypes females on slides Tylencholaimus ladakhiensis n. sp. / 2–5; deposited with the nematode collection of the Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, India. Etymology. The new species is named after its type locality, Ladakh. Diagnosis and relationships. Tylencholaimus ladakhiensis sp. n. is characterized by having a small slender body (L = 0.56–0.73 mm, a ratio = 23–36); lip region truncate, set off by a slight constriction; the submedian lips appears as two round bulges; amphid aperture slit-like; odontostyle slender, 7–9 µm long, with comparatively narrow lumen; odontophore 8–9 µm long; pharynx with slender anterior part which expands abruptly into the cylindrical basal bulb, occupying about 38–45 % of total neck length; female genital system didelphicamphidelphic and rounded-conoid tail, with distinct terminal caudal pore. In the nature of its pharyngeal expansion, amphidelphic gonad and tail shape, the new species comes close to T. cosmos Dhanam & Jairajpuri, 1999 and T. cynodonti Nasira, Erum & Shahina, 2005 but differs from the former in its shape of lip region, comparatively slender odontostyle with narrow lumen (vs comparatively robust odontostyle, with wider lumen); amphid aperture one-third of lip region diameter (vs amphidial aperture almost pore-like) and also in the presence of terminal caudal pore (vs terminal caudal pore absent). From T. cynodonti, the new species differs because of its longer and slender odontostyle with narrow lumen, and the absence of characteristic circle of large cells around vagina which is present in T. cynodonti. The new species further differs from T. cynodonti in having longer prerectum (vs 21–32 µm) and the presence of a terminal caudal pore. On the basis of body size, pharyngeal expansion and amphidelphic gonad, the new species also comes close to T. savaryi Loof & Jairajpuri, 1968. However, it differs from it in having lip region offset by a slight constriction (vs offset by a deep constriction); lips rounded and amalgamated (vs lips moderately separated with the inner part elevated and protruding); odontostyle slender, 7–9 µm long, with comparatively narrow lumen (vs odontostyle relatively robust, 5–6 µm, with clear lumen and aperture); vaginal cells absent (vs large cells present in the vaginal region), and tail rounded-conoid (vs convex-conoid). In all probability, the single specimen of Tylencholaimus described by Ahmad et al. (2009) from Korea, for which no species name was given as the description was based on single specimen, belongs to this new species.Published as part of Ahad, Sumaya & Ahmad, Wasim, 2016, Description of two new and six known species of the genus Tylencholaimus de Man, 1876 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) with a diagnostic compendium and key to species, pp. 451-490 in Zootaxa 4107 (4) on pages 477-481, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4107.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26774
Proleptonchus prerectus Ahad & Ahmad, 2016, n. sp.
No full textProleptonchus prerectus n. sp. (Figs. 4, 5) Measurements. See Table 2. Description. Female: Medium sized nematodes, 1.1–1.4 mm long; body cylindrical, tapering slightly towards both extremeties, generally striaght or sligthly curved ventrally. Cuticle with two distinct layers, 2–3 µm thick at midbody and 3–4 µm on tail. Outer layer thin; inner layer with irregular outline and loose; radial refractive elements abundant. Lateral chords occupying about 30–35% of the midbody diameter. Lateral body pores distinct, 3 to 4 in the phargyngeal region, 6 to 8 between pharyngeal bulb to vulva and six to eight between vulva to anus; dorsal and ventral body pores indistinct. Lip region cap-like, offset by slight constriction, 2.3–2.5 times as wide as high or about one-third of the body diameter at neck base; lips rounded and amalgamated. Amphids cup-shaped with aperture located at the level of cephalic constriction and occupying about two-thirds of lip region diameter. Stoma inverted flask-shaped with sclerotized walls. Odontostyle attenuated, 0.7–0.8 times the lip region diameter long, with narrow lumen and fine aperture. Odontophore slightly sclerotized, arcuate, 1.1–1.5 times the odontostyle length. Guiding ring simple, refractive, at 0.7 times the lip region diameter from anterior end. Pharynx consists of a slender and weakly muscular anterior part, separated from basal bulb by a constriction. Pharyngeal bulb short, cylindroid, occupying about 16–20% of total neck length. Cardia short, rounded to hemispherical, about one-sixth of the corresponding body diameter long. Nerve ring at 42–48% of neck length from the anterior end. Genital system monodelphic-prodelphic. Ovary reflexed, measuring 80–105 µm long, not reaching the oviduct-uterus junction; oocytes arranged in a single row except near tip. Oviduct joining the ovary subterminally, measuring 160–186 µm, consisting of a slender portion and a well developed par dilatata. Oviduct-uterus junction marked by well developed sphincter. Uterus tubular, measuring 67–73 µm long; distal portion of uterus with distinctly sclerotized central lumen containing refringent apophyses (Figs. 4G, 5F). Posterior genital branch 0.7–1.0 times the midbody diameter long. Vagina cylindrical; pars proximalis vaginae 7–13 µm long, its wall encircled by muscles; pars distalis vaginae short, 1–2 µm long with slightly curved walls; pars refringens absent. Vulva apparently a transverse slit. Prerectum 2.0–4.4 anal body diameters long, a small prerectal chamber (Figs 4H, 5H) present between the prerectum and the intestine proper. Rectum 1.0–1.3 anal body diameter long. Tail short, rounded-hemispheroid, 0.6–0.8 anal body diameter long, with distinct terminal caudal pore. A single female specimen with a very small tail (c’ = 0.3). Male: General morphology similar to female except for the posterior body region being comparatively more ventrally curved. Sperms spindle-shaped. In addition to ad-cloacal pair situated at 16 µm from cloacal aperture, there is a series of six ventromedian supplements, located outside the range of spicule, first ventromedian at 55 µm from ad-claocal pair. Spicules 1.4 times cloacal body diameter long. Lateral guiding pieces very prominent, about one-third of the spicules length. Tail short, rounded, 0.8 times anal body diameter long. Type habitat and locality. Soil around the roots of grasses (unidentified) from Koibuchimachi, Mito C., Ibaraki, Japan. Collected by Dr. M. Araki on December 7, 2011. Type specimens. Holotype female on slide Proleptonchus prerectus n. sp. / 1; paratype females on slides Proleptonchus prerectus n. sp. / 2–9 and a paratype male on slide Proleptonchus prerectus n. sp. / 10; deposited with the nematode collection of the Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, India. Etymology. The new species is named P. prerectus because of its characteristic prerectal chamber. Diagnosis and relationship. Proleptonchus prerectus n. sp. is characterized by having 1.18–1.43 mm long body; lip region cap-like, offset by a slight constriction; odontostyle 8 µm, odontophore 9–10 µm; pharynx consists of a slender and weakly muscular anterior part, separated from a short cylindroid basal bulb by a constriction, basal bulb 16–20% of total neck length; female genital system mono-prodelphic; distal portion of uterus with sclerotized refringent apophyses; posterior uterine sac small, 27–36 µm; transverse vulva; a prerectal chamber; short, roundedhemispheroid tail and male with 37 µm long spicules, lateral guiding pieces and six, regularly spaced ventromedian supplements. In the presence of refringent apophyses in the distal part of uterus and a prerectal chamber, the new species is most closely related to P. orientalis Ahmad et al. 2009. However, it differs from it, in having larger body size (L = 1.18–1.43 vs 0.86–0.97 mm); comparatively stronger refringent apophyses (vs weak refringent apophyses); small posterior uterine sac, without rudimentary oviduct (posterior uterine sac 27–36 vs 92–185 µm long, with rudimentary oviduct); higher c ratio (c = 66.5–84.9 vs 45–55.3); longer spicules (37 vs 29–32 µm) and more ventromedian supplements (6 vs 4–5). In the presence of refringent apophyses, the new species is also close to P. sclerouterinus Mushtaq et al., 2007 but differs in the shape of lip region (vs low lip region); odontophore not thickened (vs thickened odontophore); in having cylindroid basal bulb (vs pyriform); small posterior uterine sac, without rudimentary oviduct (posterior uterine sac 27–36 vs 85–110 µm long, with rudimentary oviduct); presence of prerectal chamber (vs absent) and in the presence of male (vs absence). In having a prerectal chamber and a short posterior uterine sac, the new species also resemble P. parkerus Choi & Jairajpuri, 1998 from same region (Korea), but differs in having longer odontostyle (8 vs 5–6 µm); cylindroid basal bulb (vs pyriform); presence of refringent apophyses (vs absent); much smaller posterior uterine sac (27–36 vs 55.8–75.6 µm); in the position of prerectal chamber (vs between rectum and prerectum) and presence of male (vs absence).Published as part of Ahad, Sumaya & Ahmad, Wasim, 2016, Three new and a known species of the genus Proleptonchus Lordello, 1955 (Nematoda: Leptonchidae) with a diagnostic compendium of the genus, pp. 115-133 in Zootaxa 4189 (1) on pages 122-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4189.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/16569
- …
