130 research outputs found
Theorizing or Negotiating the Law?: A Response to Devika Hovell
No full textDevika Hovell’s article is a very welcome and useful contribution to the debate regarding the “accountability” (whatever the term may mean) of international organizations, and the United Nations in particular. The author argues that scholarship has tended to focus on (descriptive) state practice to the detriment of (normative) theoretical appeal, and so the relevant discussion “has received inadequate theoretical attention.” In response, she sets out to tell the story of the United Nations being held to account through a highly theorized (and, if I may venture even at the outset, perhaps a bit stylized) scheme of contrasting “instrumentalist,” “dignitarian,” and “public interest” approaches to due process. This she applies to two case studies, one regarding targeted sanctions imposed by the UN Security Council, mainly in the context of antiterrorism; and one regarding the cholera outbreak in Haiti, where the United Nations has been implicated. Hovell critiques both the instrumentalist and dignitarian approaches, which correspond in broad terms to legal action at the international, and the domestic/regional level, respectively, and argues in favor of a “public interest” approach as better reflecting a “value-based” due process.</jats:p
Indian e-commerce websites not obliged to conduct preventative filtering for listings of infringing goods
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Delhi High Court provides broad interpretation of education exception in Indian copyright law
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Effect of egg yolk extract on proliferation and myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts
No full textMuscle wasting disorders like atrophy and sarcopenia are characterized by compromised skeletal muscle mass and function. One of the many causes of muscle wasting reported is the failure of satellite cells to fuse and form myofibres. Satellite cells are an integral part of skeletal muscle regeneration because of their self-renewal and differentiation abilities. Muscle regeneration research with respect to satellite cells has stimulated interest in discovering factors that enhance proliferation and differentiation as a first step in the regenerative process. The importance of nutrition in regulating muscle mass and muscle protein synthesis is well established. However, limited literature is available regarding the role of nutrition in muscle regeneration; specifically with respect to satellite cells. As for nutrition, chicken egg yolk appears to be a promising candidate. Egg yolks are rich in nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids and proteins which can provide sustained supply of nutrition to the cells in-vitro. In the present study, we tested the effect of different fractions and concentrations of egg yolk extract on C2C12 myoblasts. For this purpose, egg yolk extract was supplemented in growth media and cells were grown in this nutrient rich media for one week. Cell viability, fluorescence imaging and mRNA expression of muscle specific genes were analyzed at specific time points of proliferation and differentiation stages of myoblast. The study results showed that supplementation of the egg yolk extract in media enhanced proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts in a dose dependent manner which was analyzed by increase in cell viability, number of nuclei, number of myofibres and mRNA expression of muscle specific genes such as MyoD and myogenin.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Devika Umesh Jogleka
We Listen Together
No full textIn this brief essay, the author responds to a performative panel of essays by students of Devika Chawla. He situates his reading of the event betwixt and between typical modes of performance studies research, demonstrating how the panelists reveal narrative's power to reflect on the layering of time, power and privilege, and ways of knowing.</jats:p
Modulated surface texturing on temporary aluminium substrate for flexible thin-film solar cells
No full textThin-film photovoltaic technologies are gaining momentum over the currently dominated crystalline silicon technologies. In addition to the competitive prices, flexible thin-film technology especially has the added advantage such as in building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) due to its flexibility and light weight. HyET Solar B.V. is a company based in the Netherlands which state-of-the-art Roll to Roll (R2R) technology to produce such flexible solar cells. A temporary aluminum foil is used as substrate on to which FTO/p-i-n solar cell stack is deposited. The temporary foil is etched away, and the layers are encapsulated in low cost polymer foils. This thesis is part of the on-going FlamingoPV (Flexible Lightweight Advanced Materials In Next Generation of PV) project in collaboration between HyET Solar and TU Delft, to develop single, tandem and triple junction cells with 12, 13 and 14% efficiencies and a lifetime longer than 35 years. This thesis is inspired by the work of Tan et. al [8] where record efficiency cells were achieved on solar cells deposited on ‘Modulated Surface Textured’ (MST) glass substrates. In MST, increased light scattering is obtained by superposition of various scattering mechanisms which is achieved by introducing different textures at different interfaces and stacking them together. The requirements of the MST are two-fold: to provide efficient light trapping and to aid in the growth of high-quality layers. The aim is to introduce MST in the R2R process by developing micro sized crater-shaped features on the temporary Al foil on to which naturally nano sized V-shaped textures of FTO is deposited. The crater-shaped features are developed on the Al foil (~110 um) using wet chemical etching techniques. Various acid and alkaline based etchants are experimented. The etching parameters- concentration and temperature of the etchant and the etching time are varied to achieve the optimum recipe. These parameters should be varied such that the features have a correlation length (an estimate of how wide the feature is) 3-4 um and an aspect ratio (ratio of RMS roughness to correlation length) of 12-14%. These features are characterized using SEM and AFM to measure the aforesaid parameters and reflectance and angular intensity distribution measurements to measure its effectiveness of scattering. Alkaline based etchants (KOH and NaOH) resulted in crater-shaped features unlike acid etchants which resulted in pyramidal features. It was observed that there is an initial ‘induction period’ before which the etching started. For lower temperature, time and concentration, the induction period is longer. To ensure mechanical stability during deposition stages, the foil needs to be thicker than 70 um on lab-scale. The above-mentioned etching parameters were varied, and the best recipe was found to be 1.78M KOH at 70°C for an etching time of 2 minutes, 1.78M KOH at 60°C for 3 minutes and 1.42M NaOH at 70°C for 2.5 minutes. These samples displayed a correlation length 4-4.6 um and aspect ratios from 12-14% which is close to the targeted values and are higher than the existing texturing at HyET (‘factory baseline’) which had correlation length and aspect ratios of 500 nm and 5.7% respectively. These samples also showed higher scattering compared to the factory baseline. The nc-Si:H and a-Si:H/nc-Si:H layers deposited on to these samples resulted in dense high-quality layers. The TCO/p-i-n layers deposited also adapted the texturing pattern of the Al foil, unlike the factory baseline where the Al surface morphology was not adapted by the other layers as the features were significantly smaller. Further, to enhance the uniformity of texturing, various ‘chelating agents’ and ‘surfactants’ such as gluconic acids and glycols as well as varying the speed of etching to ensure homogenous contact of etchant with the foil was carried out. Both these techniques resulted in in an increased etch rate as well as an increase in the density of the craters on the foil. Considering the limitations of the R2R process, the best lab recipes were adapted (50°C, 1.42M NaOH, 1.8 minutes) to implement on the R2R etching machine. The resulting Al foil had higher surface morphology parameters and scattering compared to the factory baseline. The cells deposited on this texturing adapted the morphology of the Al foil. Optical simulations were done using GenPro4 where the AFM data of the textures were given as the input. The best lab samples as well as the R2R testing recipe showed larger absorption in the higher wavelengths in both nc-Si:H single junction and a-Si:H/nc-Si:H tandem cells, compared to the standard factory baseline texturing.Flamingo PVElectrical Engineering | Electrical Power Engineerin
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