295 research outputs found
Predicting Peak Flows in Real Time through Event Based Hydrologic Modeling for a Trans-Boundary River Catchment
No full textInvestigating the hydrological response of an area to adverse climate changes and extreme rainfall events is crucial for managing land and water resources and mitigating the natural hazards like floods. Limited availability of the in situ data, especially in case of Transboundary Rivers, further highlights the need to develop and evaluate decision support systems which may predict the flows in real time using open source rainfall data. This paper presents the study conducted in Chenab River catchment, Pakistan, to develop and evaluate a hydrologic model using HEC-HMS for predicting flows based on TRMM rainfall data. The catchment was analyzed for hydro-morphological properties using SRTM DEM in HEC-GeoHMS. To rely on open source data as much as possible, digital soil map of the world developed by FAO and global land cover map developed by European Space Agency were utilized to compute Curve Number grid data for the catchment. These preliminary data analyses were employed to set initial values of different parameters to be used for model calibration. The model was calibrated for five rainfall events occurred in the rainy seasons of 2006, 2010 and 2013. The calibrated model was then validated for four other rainfall events of similar type in the same years. Consistency in simulated and observed flows was found with percent difference in volume ranging from −6.17 % to 5.47 % and percent difference in peak flows to be in the range of 6.96 % to 7.28 %. Values of Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency were ranging from 0.299 to 0.909 with an average value of 0.586 for all flow events. The model was found well capable of capturing the hydrologic response of the catchment due to rainfall events and can be helpful in providing alerts of peak flows in real time based on real time/forecasted rainfall data
Studies on Genetic Divergence of Rapeseed Genotypes Using SSR Markers
Get PDFThirty five Brassica napus genotypes were evaluated to check their genetic diversity on the basis of mapped 20 microsatellite markers. The genetic similarity values of coefficient ranged from 0.28 to 0.85. A dendrogram was generated based on UPGMA which showed that genotypes were divided into five major clusters. Cluster A had genotypes with higher similarity coefficient of 0.85 while Cluster E had only one genotype (pop 35) genetically distinct from other genotypes. PIC values were calculated for each of the 20 SSR primer pairs. Ten primers PIC value ranged from 0.30 (O110-A05) to 0.59 (Na10-D09 markers). This study would be helpful in assessing the genetic diversity. It was revealed that there was no correlation between the geographical distribution and genetic diversity of the studied germplasm, depicting their close genetic relationship
Estimation of Distribution of Income in Pakistan, Using Micro Data
Get PDFIncome distribution entered the post war discussion of economic development fairly late. Until the 1960s much of the focus was on industrialisation and the need for capital accumulation. Pakistan was no exception as in the early 60s economic expansion became the main target and means to political identity. Rapid population growth associated with steep decline in mortality demanded acceleration of production to keep pace. Overall aggregate expansion was much faster than before but without benefit for the poor. In that context emerged a new professional interest in income distribution. Haq’s (1964) study was one of the oldest studies conducted to measure inequality in personal income distribution in the high income brackets in the urban areas of Pakistan. The main objective of the author was to present the income distribution pattern in terms of the relative shares of different income groups as well as in terms of Pareto coefficients and concentration ratio during the period 1948-49 to 1957-58 for which published tax data was available. While recognising the limitations of the data used, the author went on to calculate various measures of income inequality including Pareto coefficient and Lorenz curve. The author also made comparison of Pakistan’s income distribution with U.S.A. and U.K.
Aspek Balaghah dalam repetisi (Tikrar) Surat Al-Qamar
Get PDFABSTRAK
Al-Qur’an adalah firman Allah SWT yang sangat agung dan mulia, dimana dia menjadi pedoman kehidupan bagi seluruh umat dan alam semesta. Kemukjizatannya yang tidak akan habis oleh zaman dan akan selalu ada hal baru yang dapat didalami dan dikaji secara terus menerus. Dengan dijadikannya al-Qur’an sebagai pedoman kehidupan dan kitab seluruh alam maka di setiap ayatnya terdapat keindahan dan makna-makna yang tersembunyi. Salah satu keindahan dan kemukjizatan al-Qur’an adalah ada pada gaya bahasa yang digunakan, yang tidak ada seorangpun dapat menyerupainya. Termasuk juga gaya bahasa repetisi atau pengulangan dalam ayat dan maknanya, seruannya, perintah dan larangannya, serta cerita-cerita yang ada didalamnya. Jika diteliti lebih lanjut ternyata gaya bahasa ini tidak ada sedikitpun kesia-siaan bahkan ada banyak rahasia dan fungsi di dalamnya. Selain itu, tanpa banyak disadari fungsi ini memiliki keterkaitan dengan banyak aspek dalam kehidupan, salah satunya bagi aspek psikologis manusia.
Dalam menjawab permasalahan yang ada dalam penelitian, penulis menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Objek utama dari penelitian ini adalah repetisi (tikrar) pada al-Qur’an surat al-Qamar ayat 17, 22, 32 dan 40. Data primer diambil dari al-Qur’an surat al-Qamar itu sendiri, sedangkan data sekunder berupa dokumen-dokumen yang berasal dari buku, jurnal, artikel dan literatur-literatur lainnya yang memiliki keterkaitan tema dengan penelitian. Metode pengolahan data dengan cara menguraikan data-data yang telah diperoleh dengan efektif dan terstruktur guna memudahkan dalam proses analisis dan pemahamannya. Kerangka teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori internalisasi dan teori tafsir maudhu'i, guna untuk mempermudah penulis dalam menemukan hasil dari penelitian.
Hasil kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah repetisi (tikrar) dalam surat al-Qamar memiliki pengaruh terhadap psikologis manusia. Adanya pengulangan pada ayat tersebut di 4 tempat dengan redaksi ayat yang sama persis merupakan sebuah penegasan dan pengingat bahwa makna ayat tersebut memang benar adanya, bahwa al-Qur’an itu mudah untuk dipelajari. Adanya repetisi dalam ayat ini jika berhasil diresapi dengan baik oleh manusia, maka informasi atas kemudahan untuk mempelajari al-Qur’an akan tertanam dalam diri mereka dan dapat terinternalisasi dalam kehidupan mereka atau dapat diartikan bahwa al-Qur’an akan hidup dalam diri mereka. Jika al-Qur’an telah hidup dalam jiwa, keseharian dan kehidupan mereka, maka ketentraman akan mereka raih baik di dunia maupun di akhirat.
ABSTRACT
Al-Qur'an is the word of Allah SWT which is very great and noble, where he becomes the guide of life for all people and the universe. Its miracles will not be exhausted by time and there will always be new things that can be explored and studied continuously. By making the Qur'an a guide to life and the book of the whole world, there is beauty and hidden meaning in every verse.
One of the beauties and miracles of the Qur'an is in the style of language used, which no one can match. Also includes the language style of repetition or repetition in the sentence and its meaning, its exclamations, commands and prohibitions, as well as the stories in it. If examined further, it turns out that this style of language is not at all pointless; in fact, there are many secrets and functions in it. In addition, without many realizing this function has a connection with many aspects in life, one of which is the psychological aspect of humans.
In answering the problems that exist in the research, the author uses a qualitative research approach with a type of library research (library research). The main object of this study is repetition (tikrar) in al-Qur'an sura al-Qamar verses 17, 22, 32 and 40. Primary data is taken from al-Qur'an sura al-Qamar itself, while secondary data is in the form of documents from books, journals, articles and other literature that has a theme related to research. The data processing method is by describing the data that has been obtained in an effective and structured manner to facilitate the process of analysis and understanding. The theoretical framework used in this research is internalization theory and maudhu'i interpretation theory, in order to make it easier for the writer to find the results of the research.
The conclusion of this study is repetition (tikrar) in Surat al-Qamar has an influence on human psychology. There is repetition in this verses in 4 places with the exact same verses is an affirmation and a reminder that the meaning of the verse is true, that the Koran is easy to learn. There is repetition in this verse if it is successfully absorbed by humans, then information on the ease of learning the Qur'an will be embedded in them and can be internalized in their lives or it can be interpreted that the Qur'an will live in them. If the Qur'an has lived in their souls, daily lives and lives, then they will achieve peace both in this world and in the hereafter.
مستخلص البحث
القرآن هو كلمة الله سبحانه وتعالى ، وهي كلمة عظيمة ونبيلة ، حيث يصبح مرشد الحياة لجميع الناس والكون. لن تنفد معجزاتها بمرور الوقت وستكون هناك دائمًا أشياء جديدة يمكن استكشافها ودراستها باستمرار. بجعل القرآن دليلاً للحياة وكتاب العالم كله ، هناك جمال ومعنى خفي في كل آية. من محاسن القرآن وإعجازه أسلوب اللغة المستخدم الذي لا يضاهيه أحد. كما يشمل أسلوب اللغة في التكرار أو التكرار في الجملة ومعناها ، وعلامات التعجب والأوامر والنواهي ، وكذلك القصص الموجودة فيها. إذا تم فحصه بشكل أكبر ، يتبين أن هذا النمط من اللغة ليس عديم الجدوى على الإطلاق ؛ في الواقع ، هناك العديد من الأسرار والوظائف فيه. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، دون أن يدرك الكثيرون أن هذه الوظيفة لها علاقة بالعديد من جوانب الحياة ، أحدها هو الجانب النفسي للإنسان.
في الإجابة على المشكلات الموجودة في البحث ، يستخدم المؤلف نهج بحث نوعي مع نوع من البحث في المكتبات (بحوث المكتبات). الهدف الرئيسي من هذه الدراسة هو التكرار (تكرار) في القرآن سورة القمر الآيات 17 و 22 و 32 و 40. البيانات الأولية مأخوذة من سورة القرآن نفسها ، بينما البيانات الثانوية في شكل وثائق من كتب ومجلات ، المقالات والمؤلفات الأخرى التي لها موضوع متعلق بالبحث. تتمثل طريقة معالجة البيانات في وصف البيانات التي تم الحصول عليها بطريقة فعالة ومنظمة لتسهيل عملية التحليل والفهم. الإطار النظري المستخدم في هذا البحث هو نظرية الاستيعاب ونظرية التفسير الموضوي ، وذلك لتسهيل وصول الكاتب إلى نتائج البحث.
خاتمة هذه الدراسة هي التكرار (تكرار) في سورة القمر له تأثير على علم النفس البشري. يوجد تكرار في الآيات "وَلَقَدْ يَسَّرْنَا ٱلْقُرْءَانَ لِلذِّكْرِ فَهَلْ مِن مُّدَّكِر" في 4 مواضع مع نفس الآيات هو تأكيد وتذكير بأن معنى الآية صحيح ، وأن القرآن سهل التعلم. يوجد تكرار في هذه الآية إذا تم استيعابها من قبل البشر بنجاح ، فسيتم تضمين معلومات حول سهولة تعلم القرآن فيها ويمكن استيعابها في حياتهم أو يمكن تفسير أن القرآن سيعيش فيها. هم. إذا كان القرآن قد عاش في أرواحهم وحياتهم اليومية وحياتهم ، فسيحققون السلام في الدنيا والآخرة
Soil Nutrient Availability, Plant Nutrient Uptake, and Wild Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) Yield in Response to N-Viro Biosolids and Irrigation Applications
No full textWe compared the impact of surface broadcasted N-Viro biosolids and inorganic fertilizer (16.5% Ammonium sulphate, 34.5% Diammonium phosphate, 4.5% Potash, and 44.5% s and/or clay filler) applications on soil properties and nutrients, leaf nutrient concentration, and the fruit yield of lowbush blueberry under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions during 2008-2009 at Debert, NS, Canada. Application rates of N-Viro biosolids were more than double of inorganic fertilizer applied at a recommended N rate of 32 kg ha−1. The experimental treatments NI: N-Viro with irrigation, FI: inorganic fertilizer with irrigation, N: N-Viro without irrigation, and F: inorganic fertilizer without irrigation (control) were replicated four times under a randomized complete block design. The NI treatment had the highest OM (6.68%) followed by FI (6.32%), N (6.18%), and F (4.43%) treatments during the year 2008. Similar trends were observed during 2009 with the highest soil OM values (5.50%) for NI treatment. Supplemental irrigation resulted in a 21% increase in the ripe fruit yield. Nonsignificant effect of fertilizer treatments on most of the nutrient concentrations in soil and plant leaves, and on ripe fruits yield reflects that the performance of N-Viro was comparable with that of the inorganic fertilizer used in this study
Rainfall Extremes: a Novel Modeling Approach for Regionalization
No full textThe rainfall events of extreme magnitude over the past few decades have caused destructive damages to lives and properties, especially in the subcontinent (e.g. Pakistan, India, Bangladesh etc). Rainfall hazard maps for these areas can be of great practical and theoretical interests. In our work, we used extreme value analysis and spatial interpolation techniques to provide such maps through a combination of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Precipitation (TRMM) 3B42 product and raingauge data. This mixed approach takes advantage of both the long time series available at a limited number of stations, and the large spatial coverage of the satellite data which, instead, has a poor temporal extent. The methodology is implemented by (1) creating a unique growth curve for the homogeneous region by utilizing in-situ rainfall data and (2) mapping the parameters of intensity-duration functions for the entire length of the study area by using TRMM 3B42 product. The regional results obtained by using mixed approach and TRMM 3B42 are compared with the estimates obtained by using in-situ data. The comparison showed that the overall output of mixed approach is more consistent with what transpired by in-situ data for a pre-defined return period
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WiFi-Med : implementation of a ubiquitous health monitoring system on an Android platform
No full textRecent technological advances in biosensors, wireless networking, and mobile computing have enabled the design of systems which are capable of autonomously monitoring various vital signs and providing personalized feedback (e.g. alerts, alarms, and triggers) for the user in real-time. As technology advances, there is no doubt that quality of life will improve for patients and the medical world alike. This thesis describes WiFi-Med, a client side, mobile application built on the Android platform. Our project is designed to enable a mobile device user to aggregate and monitor physiological data through wireless biosensors. Currently, our focus is to develop and improve an Android application by using simulated physiological data. Once perfected, WiFi-Med application can be easily integrated with a body sensor network. First, we present the motivation behind WiFi-Med through real life user scenarios, followed by an introduction to the Android platform architecture. Next, we describe application design and architecture, implementation model and test strategy. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of future development ideas and present our thoughts on prospects of collaborating WiFi-Med and biosensors in ubiquitous computing environments.Electrical and Computer Engineerin
Better understanding extrapulmonary tuberculosis: A scoping review of public health impact in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh
No full textBACKGROUND AND AIMS: South Asian countries, including Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh, have a high prevalence of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). This prevalence is influenced by various risk factors such as ethnicity, nutrition, socioeconomic disparities, high out-of-pocket healthcare expenses, and specific Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB) lineages. The COVID-19 pandemic has likely hindered access to healthcare and led to under-reporting of EPTB cases nationally and internationally. This rapid review aimed to summarize the literature on the prevalence and disease outcomes of EPTB in the mentioned countries, compare the situations across countries, and provide recommendations for future action.METHODS: The review utilized PubMed and Google Scholar databases to search for literature on EPTB in South Asian countries. The search string included keywords related to different forms of EPTB and the countries of interest while excluding pulmonary tuberculosis.RESULTS: The results showed that both TB, including drug-resistant TB, and EPTB are prevalent and burdensome in South Asia. In Pakistan, pleural TB was the most commonly reported form of EPTB, followed by lymph node TB, abdominal TB, osteoarticular TB, Central Nervous System TB, and miliary TB. In India, lymph node TB(LNTB) was more common among EPTB cases. Bangladesh reported a high prevalence of EPTB involving lymph node, pleura, and abdomen, while Afghanistan had a higher prevalence of forms such as LNTB and tuberculous meningitis.CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the prevalence of EPTB in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Bangladesh is alarmingly high and negatively impacts population health. Effective measures are needed for treatment and management of this condition, along with addressing current and future challenges. Strengthening the evidence base through surveillance and research is crucial to understand the patterns and significant factors related to EPTB, requiring investment in these areas.</p
A Model for Shelled Micro-Bubble in Geometric Confinement under Acoustics Field
No full textA theoretical model to predict the dynamics of a shelled micro-bubble driven by acoustic field in a tubular geometric confinement is proposed in the present study. The model is derived from first principle and may not be considered as a variant of Rayleigh-Plesset solution. A semi-analytical model is derived in the form of an ordinary differential equation connecting all parameters involved. Results obtained are in agreement with the available experimental data. The model is further linearized to obtain expression for the forced resonant frequency, which is shown to depend on geometric parameter of confinement as D/ L where D and L are the tube diameter and length, respectively. Further, linear viscous damping coefficient is also studied and is found that an overdamped or an underdamped state exist base on shelled micro-bubble size and parameters of geometric confinement (L and D). The state of damping clearly indicate when the shelled micro-bubble in confinement would respond linearly or non-linearly under the influence of acoustic field
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