1,722,286 research outputs found
Managing Irrigation Water by Yield and Water Productivity Assessment of a Rice-Wheat System Using Remote Sensing
No full textRice and wheat are very important grain crops and are heavily grown in lands between the Ravi and Chenab Rivers in Pakistan.
Because rice is generally cultivated under standing water conditions, careful estimation of actual water consumption and crop water
productivity (CWP) is key for proper water management. In the current study, an effort is made to estimate actual evapotranspiration (ETa
)
by using the soil and energy balance algorithm (SEBAL), which used the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite
with a spatial resolution of 1,000 m. Rice and wheat crop dominance areas were identified by using the ISODATA crop classification technique by utilizing MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) 250 m resolution data. Crop-specific ETa
was masked out both for
rice and wheat, and this information was utilized with crop yield for estimation of CWP. Tehsil administrative-level crop-yield data were
collected and extrapolated to model crop yield on a pixel basis by benefiting from crop yields and specific NDVI empirical relationships.
Study results showed a variation of ETa(402–780 and 244–328 mm), yield (823–2,596 and1,287–3,646kg=ha), and CWP (0.14–0.56 and
0.54–1.44kg=m3
) for rice and wheat, respectively. Best results were attained for rice in tehsil Hafizabad with a coefficient of variation in
CWP of 7.94%. Most of the other tehsils showed higher variability of approximately 16%. The primary cause of lower CWP for rice crop
in these tehsils is higher values of ET
a
(i.e., greater than 600 mm), which is ideal for maximizing CWP in the study region. For the wheat
crop, because water consumption is almost similar in all parts and CWP is primarily variable owing to yield differences, this suggested
minimum scope for CWP improvement by water management for wheat. Crop cultivation expenditures can be reduced both for rice
and wheat by proper application and management of water and fertilizer
Medicinal plants in old-growth, degraded and re-growth forests of NW Pakistan
No full textMany old-growth forest stands in northwest Pakistan have been structurally transformed as a consequence of logging and livestock grazing, some of which are thereafter left to secondary succession. These forests represent an important resource for local inhabitants who gather and sell medicinal plants as part of their livelihood. With this in mind, the main objectives of our study were: (1) to assess differences in the structure of the tree layer and the abundance of medicinal plants among differently transformed forests, (2) to evaluate the recovery potential of medicinal plants under re-growth forests, and (3) to assess relationships between tree stand structural characteristics and the occurrence of medicinal plants. The first step of the study involved creating an approximate map covering an area of 90 km2 for five forest-use types (old-growth forest, forest degraded by logging, derived woodland, agroforest and re-growth forest). Fifteen plots per forest-use type were randomly allocated at altitudes ranging from 2200 m to 2400 m asl, within which the abundance of 10 locally important medicinal herb species was assessed. The study stands differed greatly in tree basal area, which was highest in old-growth forest (48 m2 ha−1), lowest in agroforest areas (6 m2 ha−1) and intermediate in re-growth forest (20 m2 ha−1). All ten medicinal plant species were encountered in old-growth and in re-growth forests, but only five of these species also occurred on agroforest plots. The mean coverage of study medicinal plants was highest in old-growth forest (7%), low in forest degraded by logging, derived woodland and agroforest (0.3–2%), and intermediate in re-growth forest (4%). The Jaccard abundance based similarity index indicates a considerable similarity (0.6) between re-growth and old growth forest for both trees and medicinal plants. The overall abundance of medicinal plants increased with increasing tree basal area and canopy cover. The abundance of some particular species decreased; however, the most sought-after medicinal species Bergenia ciliata, Valeriana jatamansi and Viola cancescens increased with tree basal area within specific forest-use type and also across forest-use types. In conclusion, our data suggest that anthropogenic forest degradation leads to a reduction in the abundance of economically viable medicinal plants for the study region. It is further indicated that this can be reversed if degraded forests are allowed to regenerate. Highlights ► Forests in NW Pakistan are being used for medicinal plants (mps) collection. ► Degradation of tree layer was associated with a decrease in the most valuable mps. ► Mps abundance recovered in the re-growth forests. ► The abundance of most valuable mps increased with tree basal area and canopy cover. ► The perspective of mps collection may increase regional acceptance of forest expansion
FIGURES 15, 16. Metasoma, lateral view. 15. Eumenes punctatus. 16. E in Vespidae (Hymenoptera) of the Pothwar region of Punjab, Pakistan
No full textFIGURES 15, 16. Metasoma, lateral view. 15. Eumenes punctatus. 16. E. papillarius.Published as part of Siddiqui, Junaid Ali, Bodlah, Imran, Carpenter, James M., Naeem, Muhammad, Ahmad, Munir & Bodlah, Muhammad Adnan, 2015, Vespidae (Hymenoptera) of the Pothwar region of Punjab, Pakistan, pp. 501-524 in Zootaxa 3914 (5) on page 506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3914.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/24173
FIGURE 23. Allorhynchium argentatum. a. Head, frontal view. d in Vespidae (Hymenoptera) of the Pothwar region of Punjab, Pakistan
No full textFIGURE 23. Allorhynchium argentatum. a. Head, frontal view. d. ♀, lateral view.Published as part of Siddiqui, Junaid Ali, Bodlah, Imran, Carpenter, James M., Naeem, Muhammad, Ahmad, Munir & Bodlah, Muhammad Adnan, 2015, Vespidae (Hymenoptera) of the Pothwar region of Punjab, Pakistan, pp. 501-524 in Zootaxa 3914 (5) on page 511, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3914.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/24173
FIGURE 9, 10. 9 in Vespidae (Hymenoptera) of the Pothwar region of Punjab, Pakistan
No full textFIGURE 9, 10. 9. Eumenes papillarius, metasoma, lateral view. 10. Allorhynchium argentatum, fore wing.Published as part of Siddiqui, Junaid Ali, Bodlah, Imran, Carpenter, James M., Naeem, Muhammad, Ahmad, Munir & Bodlah, Muhammad Adnan, 2015, Vespidae (Hymenoptera) of the Pothwar region of Punjab, Pakistan, pp. 501-524 in Zootaxa 3914 (5) on page 504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3914.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/24173
A personalized mobility based intervention to promote pro-environmental travel behavior
No full textThe development of effective behavioral change strategies that will convince individuals to voluntarily switch to pro-environmental travel behavior is a core research area for transportation and environmental experts. Personalized travel planning (PTP) is considered as an effective approach that encourages individuals to adopt environmental-friendly travel choices. This paper describes the design and implementation of a PTP intervention that was developed based on the persuasive techniques and the stage model of self-regulated behavior change (SSBC). Based on the recorded travel diary of the individuals, web-based customized pro-environmental travel plans were suggested along with pro-environmental and pro-healthy impacts. The effectiveness was assessed by comparing the travel behavior along with consequences before and after the implemented intervention. Significant differences were observed in an individual travel behavior regarding car dependency and active mobility with an effect size of 0.28 and 0.45 (Cohen's d) respectively. On an average, 4.25 percentage points decrease in CO2 emission and 6.10 percentage point increase in physical activity level per individual was found due to their change in travel behavior. Stage analysis of the individual travel behavior revealed that the implemented PTP intervention triggers an individual's transition towards more action-oriented stages in this behavior change process. Based on the results, it is concluded that intervention is effective to promote pro-environmental and pro-healthy travel choices and can bring higher benefits when implemented on a broader level.This project has received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 689954. This paper reflects the authors views. The European Commission is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.Adnan, M (corresponding author), Hasselt Univ, Transportat Res Inst IMOB, Agoralaan, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Polistinae
No full textSubfamily Polistinae Polistinae or paper wasps consist of more than 900 species throughout the world in 25 genera (West-Eberhard et al. 2006, Pickett & Carpenter 2010).Published as part of Siddiqui, Junaid Ali, Bodlah, Imran, Carpenter, James M., Naeem, Muhammad, Ahmad, Munir & Bodlah, Muhammad Adnan, 2015, Vespidae (Hymenoptera) of the Pothwar region of Punjab, Pakistan, pp. 501-524 in Zootaxa 3914 (5) on page 512, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3914.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/24173
INVESTIGATING OPTIMUM NUMBER OF IRRIGATIONS FOR WHEAT UNDER RAISED BED TECHNOLOGY IN A SEMI-ARID CLIMATE
No full textWater conservation technologies like furrow irrigated raised bed planting are the need of day to improve water
productivity and to get more crop production from the available limited water supplies. The present study was
conducted at the experimental area of Water Management Research Centre, University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad, to perform irrigation scheduling and investigate optimum number of irrigations for wheat under flat
sowing and raised bed planting in a semi-arid climate of Faisalabad. Soil type of the area was sandy loam with
bulk density of 1.55 g/cm
3
. The experiment was designed in Randomized Complete Block Design with five
replicates and three treatments viz. T1: Flat sowing with irrigation at 50% MAD, T2
: Bed planting with irrigation
at 50% MAD, and T
3: Bed planting with irrigation on the same day as in T1
. Regular check of soil moisture
status was performed and irrigations were applied in first two treatments at about 50% depletion of available
water. The irrigations in T3, however, were applied on the same day as in T1, even if the soil moisture content
went far below 50% of available water, to check the impact of water stress on crop, if any, under raised bed
technology. In this way, four irrigations were applied to T1and T
3
on same dates, whereas five irrigations were
applied in T
2
throughout the season. The impacts of increasing number of irrigations in wheat bed planting
were evaluated statistically to check the changes in yield and irrigation water productivity. Grain yields under
two bed planting treatments were found significantly higher as compared to T1, but at par with each other,
while the water saving in comparison to flat sowing decreased from 47.43% in T3to 35.74% in T2
due to an
extra irrigation in T
2. Highest irrigation water productivity (1.32 kg/m
3
) was achieved in T3
, followed by 1.12
kg/m
3
in T2and 0.54 kg/m
3
in T1
. It was concluded that application of an extra irrigation in bed planting resulted
in non-significant increase in yield in comparison to bed planting with normal four irrigations, but in a highly
significant decrease in irrigation water productivity, indicating that there is no need to apply extra number of
irrigations in bed planted wheat in comparison to conventional method
K.H. Raden Muhammad Adnan (1889-1969 M): Ulama dan Pejuang di Bidang Pendidikan, Politik, dan Agama dari Kauman Surakarta
No full textThis article describes the life history of K.H. R. Muhammad Adnan and the roles he plays in education, social, political, and religious fields. This study is written with a social history approach as well as diachronic and synchronic analysis. The concept of elite developed by Weber, in this article is also used to see the existence of Kiai Adnan as a figure born among the elite and raised in the tradition of pesantren education. His existence has a strong influence on his functional orientation, both social, political, and religious functions. In the field of religion, from the era of physical revolution to independence, Kiai Adnan has played an important role, namely to develop religious education by establishing various schools and boarding schools. In the field of socio-politics, Kiai Adnan appear as a likeable figure and can be accepted by many circles, and made politics as a means of devotion to the nation. The characteristics and his father's upbringing have made him a transformed figure, and throughout his life he has devoted himself to the progress of the nation and the glory of his religion.
Keywords: Kiai, Surakarta, Politics, Islam, Indonesia

Artikel ini menguraikan tentang sejarah hidup K.H. R. Muhammad Adnan dan peran-peran yang dimainkannya di bidang pendidikan, sosial, politik, dan keagamaan. Topik ini ditulis dengan pendekatan sejarah sosial serta analisis diakronis dan analisis sinkronis. Konsep elite yang dikem¬bang¬kan Weber, dalam artikel ini juga dipakai untuk melihat eksistensi Kiai Adnan sebagai sosok yang lahir di kalangan elite dan dibesarkan dalam tradisi pendidikan pesantren. Eksistensinya ini mempunyai penga¬ruh terhadap orientasi fungsionalnya, baik fungsi sosial, politik, dan keaga¬maan. Di bidang agama, sejak era revolusi fisik hingga kemerde¬kaan, Kiai Adnan telah memainkan peran penting, yaitu mengembangkan dunia pendidikan agama dengan mendirikan berbagai sekolah maupun pesantren. Di bidang sosial-politik, Kiai Adnan tampil sebagai tokoh yang cair dan bisa diterima oleh semua kalangan, serta menjadikan politik sebagai sarana pengabdian kepada bangsanya. Karekter dan didikan ayahnya telah menjadikan dirinya sebagai sosok yang telah bertransfor¬masi menjadi dirinya sendiri, dan di sepanjang hidupnya ia mengabdikan dirinya untuk kemajuan bangsa dan kemuliaan agamanya.
Kata kunci: kiai, surakarta, politik, Islam, Indonesia</jats:p
Eumeninae
No full textSubfamily Eumeninae The wasps of the subfamily Eumeninae, commonly known as potter wasps, are the most diverse subfamily of Vespidae, with over 200 genera recognized, and include the majority of the species in this family (above 3600 species from the total of over 5000 in the entire family). There is vast morphological diversity in the species of potter wasps.Published as part of Siddiqui, Junaid Ali, Bodlah, Imran, Carpenter, James M., Naeem, Muhammad, Ahmad, Munir & Bodlah, Muhammad Adnan, 2015, Vespidae (Hymenoptera) of the Pothwar region of Punjab, Pakistan, pp. 501-524 in Zootaxa 3914 (5) on page 503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3914.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/24173
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