37 research outputs found
Erratum
No full textAdeoti CO, Afolabi AA, Ashaye AO, et alBilateral sporadic aniridia: review of managementClinical Ophthalmology2010;4:1085-1089The second and third authors' names should be Adebimpe A Afolabi and Adeyinka O Ashaye. The article should also be a review, not a case report, and the full title should read, ‘Bilateral sporadic aniridia - a case report and review of management'.Original articl
Traumatic Hyphaema: A report of 472 consecutive cases
No full textAbstract Background Strategies for prevention of eye injuries require knowledge of the cause of the injuries. This study was done to determine the patient characteristics, the cause of injury, and where cases of traumatic hyphaema that necessitated admission to a tertiary hospital occurred. This may enable an appropriate intervention in the prevention of such injuries. Methods Retrospective case analysis of 472 patients with traumatic hyphaema admitted to the University College Hospital, Ibadan between January 1997 and December 2006. Results The home was the single most frequent place of injury for all cases and for 75% of cases in children aged 0–10 years. Injuries that occurred at school comprised about one-fifth of cases. Sport-related injuries were uncommon. The most common activities preceeding injuries were play, corporal punishment and assault. Stones, sticks and whiplash were the agents that caused traumatic hyphaema. Occupational-related hyphaema that caused injuries was mostly in farmers and artisans, few of whom used protective goggles. The majority of patients were males. Children and young adults aged ≤ 20 years comprised 63.6% of patients. A total of 336 (76%) eyes had at least one surgical intervention. While 298 (73.2%) patients had visual acuity (VA) less than 6/60 at presentation, 143 (37.0%) of eyes had visual acuity (VA) Conclusion The injuries leading to traumatic hyphaema occur mostly at home and school, and frequently affect children and young adolescents. Over one-third resulted in blindness in the affected eye. The focus should be on prevention of stick-related eye injuries at these locations and improving access to eye health services for patients who sustained eye injuries.</p
Bilateral sporadic aniridia: review of management
No full textCaroline O Adeoti1, Adeyinka A Afolabi2, Adebimpe O Ashaye3, Adenike O Adeoye41Department of Ophthalmology, 2Department of Paediatrics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; 3University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; 4Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile Ife, Osun, Osun State, NigeriaPurpose: To report a rare case of bilateral sporadic aniridia in an African child and review the management modalities.Presentation: We report a case of bilateral sporadic aniridia with horizontal nystagmus, axial cataract optic disc, and fovea hypoplasia in a 5-year-old female patient. She was managed conservatively. Various modalities of treatment are reviewed.Keywords: aniridia, sporadic, nystagmus, cataract, glaucoma, keratopathy, tattooing, syndrome, fovea hypoplasia and optic disc hypoplasi
Systematic review and meta-analysis: reporting and representation of race/ethnicity in 310 randomized controlled trials of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medications
No full textObjective: to evaluate the reporting of race/ethnicity data in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications. Secondary objectives were to estimate temporal trends in the reporting, and to compare the pooled prevalence of racial/ethnic groups in RCTs conducted in the US to national estimates.Method: we drew on, adapted, and updated the search of a network meta-analysis by Cortese et al. (2018) up to March 2022. We calculated the percentage of RCTs reporting data on race/ethnicity of participants in the published article or in related unpublished material. Temporal trends were estimated with logistic regression. The pooled prevalence of each racial/ethnic group across US RCTs was calculated using random-effects model meta-analyses.Results: we retained 310 RCTs (including 44,447 participants), of which 231 were conducted in children/adolescents, 78 in adults, and 1 in both. Data on race/ethnicity were reported in 59.3% of the RCTs (75% of which were conducted in children/adolescents and 25% in adults) in the published article, and in unpublished material in an additional 8.7% of the RCTs. Reporting improved over time. In the US RCTs, Asian and White individuals were under- and overrepresented, respectively, compared to national estimates in the most recent time period considered.Conclusion: more than 30% of the RCTs of ADHD medications retained in this review did not include data on race/ethnicity in their published or unpublished reports, and more than 40% in their published articles, even though reporting improved over time. Results should inform investigators, authors, editors, regulators, and study participants in relation to efforts to tackle inequalities in ADHD research.Diversity & Inclusion Statement: one or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our reference list. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list.The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work
Retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients seen at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria: a preliminary report
No full textAdeyinka Ashaye1, Ayodeji Arije2, Modupe Kuti3, Bolutife Olusanya1, Ezekiel Ayeni1, Adesoji Fasanmade4, Kehinde Akinlade3, Millicent Obajimi5, Jokotade Adeleye41Ophthalmology Department, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; 2Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; 3Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; 4Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; 5Radiology Department, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, NigeriaObjective: To determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among patients attending the diabetic clinics of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.Methodology: We examined the eyes of 76 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus between July 2003 and January 2004 using dilated fundoscopy at the eye clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan. The results were compared with published figures.Results: Mean age of patients was 57.5 &plusmn; 10.4 years. Thirty&ndash;two patients (42.1%) had diabetic retinopathy. Of these, one patient had features of proliferative diabetic retinopathy while the other patients had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Majority (53.1%) of those who had retinopathy had diabetes for more than 10 years, while 21.4% of patients without retinopathy had diabetes for more than 10 years (p = 0.005). The mean serial post-prandial plasma glucose of those who had retinopathy was higher when compared with the mean for those who did not have retinopathy (248.7 mg/dl vs 178.3 mg/dl; p = 0.003).Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in our patients is higher than was previously reported in earlier studies. Patients with diabetes ought to be referred for ophthalmological evaluation and follow-up which they should be actively encouraged to attend.Keywords: diabetic retinopathy, tertiary hospital patients, African
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Reporting and Representation of Race/Ethnicity in 310 Randomized Controlled Trials of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medications
No full textObjective: To evaluate the reporting of race/ethnicity data in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications. Secondary objectives were to estimate temporal trends in the reporting, and to compare the pooled prevalence of racial/ethnic groups in RCTs conducted in the US to national estimates. Method: We drew on, adapted, and updated the search of a network meta-analysis by Cortese et al. (2018) up to March 2022. We calculated the percentage of RCTs reporting data on race/ethnicity of participants in the published article or in related unpublished material. Temporal trends were estimated with logistic regression. The pooled prevalence of each racial/ethnic group across US RCTs was calculated using random-effects model meta-analyses. Results: We retained 310 RCTs (including 44,447 participants), of which 231 were conducted in children/adolescents, 78 in adults, and 1 in both. Data on race/ethnicity were reported in 59.3% of the RCTs (75% of which were conducted in children/adolescents and 25% in adults) in the published article, and in unpublished material in an additional 8.7% of the RCTs. Reporting improved over time. In the US RCTs, Asian and White individuals were under- and overrepresented, respectively, compared to national estimates in the most recent time period considered. Conclusion: More than 30% of the RCTs of ADHD medications retained in this review did not include data on race/ethnicity in their published or unpublished reports, and more than 40% in their published articles, even though reporting improved over time. Results should inform investigators, authors, editors, regulators, and study participants in relation to efforts to tackle inequalities in ADHD research. Plain language summary: A systematic review of 310 randomized controlled trials for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications found that race/ethnicity were reported in only 30% of trials. Compared to national estimates, Asian individuals were underrepresented and non-Hispanic Whites individuals were overrepresented, drawing attention to the inequities in participation in ADHD research. Diversity & Inclusion Statement: One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our reference list. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work. Study preregistration information: Reporting and representation of race/ethnicity in double blind randomised controlled trials of medications for ADHD; https://osf.io/; hfgz8
Surgical outcomes of membrane-tube-type glaucoma shunt device in indigenous West Africans
No full textOlusola Olawoye,1,2 Tarela Sarimiye,1,2 Adeyinka Ashaye,1,2 Young Hoon Hwang,3 Jong Chul Han,4 Byung Heon Ahn3 1Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Konyang University, Kim’s Eye Hospital, Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, 4Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea Purpose: The aim of this study was to report the safety and efficacy of the membrane-tube (MT)-type glaucoma shunt device (Finetube MT) in the management of refractory glaucoma in indigenous West Africans.Methods: The Finetube MT was implanted into 25 eyes of 25 West African patients with refractory glaucoma. These patients had inadequate intraocular pressure (IOP) control despite maximum tolerable IOP-lowering medications with or without previous ocular surgeries. IOP, postoperative complications, interventions, visual acuities, and the number of IOP-lowering medications were analyzed preoperatively and postoperatively.Results: The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of the patients was 49.7 (20.9) years. The mean (SD) follow-up duration was 21.0 (10.6) months. Postoperatively, the mean (SD) IOP reduced from a preoperative value of 38.1 (10.3) mmHg to 14.5 (4.6), 16.1 (7.8), and 14.7 (3.0) mmHg at 1, 2, and 3 years postoperatively, respectively, representing 61.9%, 57.7%, and 61.4% reduction from baseline (P<0.01). The mean (SD) number of IOP-lowering medications reduced from 4.1 (1.0) to 0.6 (0.9) at 1 year and 0.9 (1.1) at 2 years after the operation (P<0.01). Using an IOP level between 6 and 21 mmHg and reduced by ≥20% from baseline, the cumulative survival rate (standard error) was 96.0% (3.9%) at 6 months, 89.0% (6.0%) at 18 months, and 81.3% (10.6%) at 3 years after the operation. There was no postoperative ocular hypotony, tube occlusion, or device exposure.Conclusion: The Finetube MT may effectively control IOP with minimal risk of postoperative complications in indigenous West Africans. Keywords: glaucoma, intraocular pressure, glaucoma shunt device, West Afric
The Effect of Direct Health Education on the Uptake of Screening by First Degree Relatives of Glaucoma Patients in Nigeria
No full textEvaluating the Potentiating Effect of Amethocaine on Tropicamide-Induced Mydriasis in Darkly Pigmented Irides, Using Infrared Pupillometry
No full textPurpose To determine whether prior instillation of amethocaine would increase the rate and magnitude of tropicamide-induced pupillary dilatation in darkly pigmented irides. Method A total of 50 healthy Africans aged 18–40 years, with darkly pigmented irides, received a drop of amethocaine in one eye and a drop of placebo in the contralateral eye, followed by two drops of tropicamide in both eyes. Serial pupil diameters were measured using a monocular infrared video pupillometer. Rate of pupillary dilatation was compared in both eyes. Survival statistics were calculated for the time taken to reach a clinically effective dilatation, clinically effective diameter (CED) of 6.0 mm. Results Mean difference in pupil diameters between amethocaine- and placebo-treated eyes was 0.30 ± 0.09 mm ( P < 0.002). In all, 62% of amethocaine-treated eyes and only 46% of placebo-treated eyes reached the CED. Conclusion We observed a small but statistically significant potentiating effect of a drop of amethocaine on tropicamide-induced dilatation within 20 minutes
