70 research outputs found
Open access publishing: A review of publications originating from a medical college in Nigeria
No full textBackground: Open Access (OA) publishing has gained tremendous acceptance in academic publishing over the last decade. This paper reviews the number and trend of OA publishing of research papers originating from College of Medicine University of Lagos (CMUL), Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A computerized literature search of PubMed for all published articles originating from CMUL between 1976 and 2013 was conducted. The search phrase used was "College of Medicine University of Lagos". The search was conducted on March 30, 2013. All articles tagged "Free article" or "Free PubMed article" were selected. Results: A total of 1255 articles appeared in PubMed between 1976 and 2013 (37 years). At the first level of screening, 162 articles were identified as "Open Access". Second level of screening to eliminate articles not originating from CMUL identified 124 articles. Only 15 OA articles were published between 1976 and 2000 (24 years), 11 articles appeared as "Open Access" journals between 2001 and 2005 (5 years), 44 between 2006 and 2010 (5 years), and 54 articles were published between 2011 and 2013. Twenty-four of these articles were published in Nigerian OA Journals, and the remaining articles (100) in foreign journals. Conclusions: OA publishing is becoming popular among researchers at CMUL. This trend has been observed worldwide. Nigerian researchers are advised that while going along with the worldwide trend, they should however, be aware of predatory OA journals and publishers. The criteria for determining predatory OA publishers can be accessed via: www.scholarlyoa.com/publishers
Orofacial manifestation of hematological disorders: Hemato-oncologic and immuno-deficiency disorders
No full textThe aim of this paper is to review the literature and identify orofacial manifestations of hematological diseases with special reference to hemato-oncologic, immuno-deficiency disorders, and human immunodeficiency virus infection. A computerized literature search using MEDLINE was conducted for published articles on orofacial manifestations of hematological diseases with emphasis on hemato-oncologic and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Mesh phrases used in the search were: Oral diseases AND hematological disorders; orofacial diseases AND leukemias; orofacial lesions AND lymphomas; orofacial diseases AND multiple myeloma, orofacial manifestations AND HIV. The Boolean operator "AND" was used to combine and narrow the searches. The full texts of these articles were thoroughly examined. References in these articles also were manually searched non-Medline articles. Only relevant articles were selected for the review. Orofacial manifestation of malignant hematological diseases may present as primary clinical features due to infiltration of orofacial tissues, or as secondary due to the subsequent infiltration of normal bone marrow elements, or tertiary due to the side effects of the treatment. HIV-associated orofacial lesion may be a clinical indicator of HIV infection in otherwise healthy, undiagnosed individuals; an early clinical feature of HIV infection; clinical markers for the classification and staging of HIV disease or may be a predictor of HIV disease progression. Orofacial manifestations of malignant hematological diseases and HIV infection are not uncommon findings in clinical practice. These manifestations may be clinical indicators of hematologic disorders in otherwise healthy, undiagnosed individuals
Orofacial manifestations of hematological disorders: Anemia and hemostatic disorders
No full textThe aim of this paper is to review the literature and identify orofacial manifestations of hematological diseases, with particular reference to anemias and disorders of hemostasis. A computerized literature search using MEDLINE was conducted for published articles on orofacial manifestations of hematological diseases, with emphasis on anemia. Mesh phrases used in the search were: oral diseases AND anaemia; orofacial diseases AND anaemia; orofacial lesions AND anaemia; orofacial manifestations AND disorders of haemostasis. The Boolean operator "AND" was used to combine and narrow the searches. Anemic disorders associated with orofacial signs and symptoms include iron deficiency anemia, Plummer-Vinson syndrome, megaloblastic anemia, sickle cell anemia, thalassaemia and aplastic anemia. The manifestations include conjunctiva and facial pallor, atrophic glossitis, angular stomatitis, dysphagia, magenta tongue, midfacial overgrowth, osteoclerosis, osteomyelitis and paraesthesia/anesthesia of the mental nerve. Orofacial petechiae, conjunctivae hemorrhage, nose-bleeding, spontaneous and post-traumatic gingival hemorrhage and prolonged post-extraction bleeding are common orofacial manifestations of inherited hemostatic disorders such as von Willebrand′s disease and hemophilia. A wide array of anemic and hemostatic disorders encountered in internal medicine has manifestations in the oral cavity and the facial region. Most of these manifestations are non-specific, but should alert the hematologist and the dental surgeon to the possibilities of a concurrent disease of hemopoiesis or hemostasis or a latent one that may subsequently manifest itself
Frequency of homologous blood transfusion in patients undergoing cleft lip and palate surgery
No full textAim: The study aims to determine the frequency of homologous blood transfusion in patientsundergoing cleft lip and palate surgery at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Setting and Design: A prospective study of transfusion rate in cleft surgery conducted at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Material and Methods: One hundred consecutive patients who required cleft lip and palate surgery were recruited into the study. Data collected included age, sex and weight of patients, type of cleft defects, type of surgery done, preoperative haematocrit, duration of surgery, amount of blood loss during surgery, the number of units of blood cross-matched and those used. Each patient was made to donate a unit of homologous blood prior to surgery. Results: There were 52 females and 48 males with a mean age of 64.4 ± 101.1 months (range, 3-420 months). The most common cleft defect was isolated cleft palate (45%) followed by unilateral cleft lip (28%). Cleft palate repair was the most common procedure (45%) followed by unilateral cleft lip repair (41%). The mean estimated blood loss was 95.8 ± 144.9 ml (range, 2-800ml). Ten (10%) patients (CL=2; CP=5, BCL=1; CLP=2) were transfused but only two of these were deemed appropriate based on percentage blood volume loss. The mean blood transfused was 131.5 ± 135.4ml (range, 35-500ml). Six (60%) of those transfused had a preoperative PCV of < 30%. Only 4.9% of patients who had unilateral cleft lip surgery were transfused as compared with 50% for CLP surgery, 11% for CP surgery, and 10% for bilateral cleft lip surgery. Conclusions: The frequency of blood transfusion in cleft lip and palate surgery was 10% with a cross-match: transfusion ratio of 10 and transfusion index of 0.1. A "type and screen" policy is advocated for cleft lip and palate surgery
A study on the physical and mechanical properties of a granite outcrop for a quarry at Onikoko community, Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria
No full textPurpose. To investigate the physical and mechanical properties of a granite outcrop for a quarry at Onikoko community in
Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria.
Methods. Samples of granite rock were collected from the outcrop for the laboratory determination of their physical and
mechanical properties required for determining its suitability for construction and engineering purposes, and the desired
properties were determined.
Findings. Results from the tests conducted on the granite samples indicated the various values of physical and mechanical
properties of the outcrop in the study area. The results obtained are found to be within the acceptable international standards.
Hence, the granite outcrop is found to be suitable for establishing a quarry in the study area based on the results obtained.
Originality. The results in this study have affirmed the fact that granite rocks must possess adequate physical and mechanical
characteristics to make them suitable for construction and engineering purposes. The physico-mechanical properties of
the granite outcrop evaluated in this study having their values within the international standards attest to high strength characterization
of the granite rock. The life span of the proposed quarry is established to be forty years, which is also an indication
of rich mineralization of the area.
Practical implications. Results of this study can be a useful source of information to potential investors and policy makers
for the establishment of a quarry in the study area. Hence, government’s attention can be drawn to the needs of the host
community for the provision of basic infrastructures.Мета. Дослідити фізичні та механічні властивості відслонених гранітних порід в кар’єрі Онікоко, штат Ойо, Південно-Східна Нігерія.
Методика. Зразки гранітної породи були взяті з відслонення для лабораторного визначення їх фізико-механічних властивостей відповідно до Американського стандарту для випробувань матеріалів (ASTM) D 2487 та Міжнародного товариства механіків гірських порід (ISRM). Оцінка запасів гранітного відслонення включала геологічні та геофізичні дослідження, які містили геоелектричні дослідження, в основному із застосуванням методу електричного опору з використанням конфігурації вертикального електричного зондування Шлюмберже (VES) за допомогою вимірювача опору.
Результати. Встановлено, що фізико-механічні властивості гранітних зразків відповідають міжнародним стандартам. Виявлено, що відслонення граніту в районі дослідження являє собою залягаюче масивне родовище, яке охоплює великі площі землі, що вказує на те, що відслонення є технічно і комерційно придатним для видобутку корисних копалин з меншим впливом на навколишнє середовище. Проведено оцінку мінеральних запасів родовища, яка дозволила визначити передбачуваний термін експлуатації гранітного кар’єру – 40 років, що підтверджує наявність значних покладів граніту в цьому районі та свідчить про перспективність кар’єрної розробки.
Наукова новизна. Встановлено показники фізичних і механічних характеристик гранітів кар’єра Онікоко, де найбільш важливе значення мають їх високі міцнісні характеристики, що доводить їх придатність для використання в будівництві й промисловості.
Практична значимість. Результати даного дослідження представляють інтерес для потенційних інвесторів і підприємців, які планують вести кар’єрну розробку граніту в Онікоко, що також приверне увагу уряду до потреб місцевого населення для створення базової інфраструктури.Цель. Исследовать физические и механические свойства обнаженных гранитных пород в карьере Оникоко, штат Ойо, Юго-Восточная Нигерия.
Методика. Образцы гранитной породы были взяты из обнажения для лабораторного определения их физико-механических свойств в соответствии с Американским стандартом для испытаний материалов (ASTM) D 2487 и Международным обществом механиков горных пород (ISRM). Оценка запасов гранитного обнажения включала геологические и геофизические исследования, которые содержат геоэлектрические исследования, в основном с применением метода электрического сопротивления с использованием конфигурации вертикального электрического зондирования Шлюмберже (VES) с помощью измерителя сопротивления.
Результаты. Установлено, что физико-механические свойства гранитных образцов соответствуют международным стандартам. Выявлено, что обнажение гранита в районе исследования представляет собой залегающее массивное месторождение, охватывающее большие площади земли, что указывает на то, что обнажение является технически и коммерчески пригодным для добычи полезных ископаемых с меньшим воздействием на окружающую среду. Проведена оценка минеральных запасов месторождения, которая позволила определить предполагаемый срок эксплуатации гранитного карьера – 40 лет, что подтверждает наличие обширной залежи гранита в этом районе и свидетельствует о перспективности карьерной разработки.
Научная новизна. Установлены показатели физических и механических характеристик гранитов карьера Оникоко, где наиболее важное значение имеют их высокие прочностные характеристики, что доказывает их пригодность для использования в строительстве и промышленности.
Практическая значимость. Результаты данного исследования представляют интерес для потенциальных инвесторов и предпринимателей, которые будут вести карьерную разработку гранита в Оникоко, что также привлечет внимание правительства к нуждам местного населения для создания базовой инфраструктуры.This research was funded by Geocardinal Engineering Services Limited, Abuja, Nigeria. The authors express deep appreciation to the management of the company. The site personnel of the company are equally appreciated for their support during the field work
Iron stores in regular blood donors in Lagos, Nigeria
No full textAdewumi Adediran,1 Ebele I Uche,2 Titilope A Adeyemo,1 Dapus O Damulak,3 Akinsegun A Akinbami,4 Alani S Akanmu1 1Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; 2Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; 3Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria; 4Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Nigeria Background: Apart from challenging the bone marrow to increase its red cell production, thereby producing more blood for the donor, regular blood donation has been shown to have several benefits, one of which is preventing accumulation of body iron which can cause free radical formation in the body. This study was carried out to assess body iron stores in regular blood donors. Methods: A total of 52 regular (study) and 30 first-time (control) volunteer blood donors were studied prospectively. Twenty milliliters of venous blood was drawn from each subject, 5 mL of which was put into sodium ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid specimen bottles for a full blood count, including red blood cell indices. The remaining sample was allowed to clot in a plain container, and the serum was then retrieved for serum ferritin, serum iron, and serum transferrin receptor measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Mean hemoglobin and packed cell volume in the study group (13.47 ± 2.36 g/dL and 42.00 ± 7.10, respectively, P = 0.303) were not significantly higher than in the control group (12.98 ± 1.30 g/dL and 39.76 ± 4.41, respectively, P = 0.119). Mean serum ferritin was 102.46 ± 80.26 ng/mL in the control group and 41.46 ± 40.33 ng/mL in the study group (P = 0.001). Mean serum ferritin for women in the study group (28.02 ± 25.00 ng/mL) was significantly lower than for women in the control group (56.35 ± 34.03 ng/mL, P = 0.014). Similarly, men in the study group had a lower mean serum ferritin (48.57 ± 45.17 ng/mL) than men in the control group (145.49 ± 87.74 ng/mL, P = 0.00). The mean serum transferrin receptor value was higher in the study group (1.56 ± 0.88 µg/mL) than in the control group (1.19 ± 0.38 µg/mL, P = 0.033). Conclusion: These findings suggest that hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, and serum iron levels are not significantly affected by regular blood donation and that regular blood donors appear to have reduced iron stores compared with controls. Keywords: blood donors, hemoglobin, serum ferritin, serum iron, transferrin receptor
Sickle cell disease: caregiver’s awareness and phenotype distribution among children presenting to children emergency of a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria
No full textBackground: Sickle cell disease accounts for significant morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa and the burden is expected to increase further by 2050. Nigeria is known to bear the highest burden of sickle cell disease in the world with about 2.69–5% of the population affected by the disease.Aim: This study determined awareness of sickle cell disease among caregivers and phenotype distribution of children presenting to children emergency in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Nigeria.Methods: The study was crosssectional and descriptive in design and data was collected using a pretested, structured intervieweradministered questionnaire among 250 caregivers and children. HemoTypeSC™ rapid test kit was used to determine the hemoglobin phenotype in whole blood of the respondents who were consecutively recruited following the caregiver’s consent. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 software was used for analysis.Univariate and bivariate analyses were carried out with a level of significance set at p ≤ 0.05.Results: The mean age of the children was 50.27±50.91 months. There were more females 141 (56.4%) than males. Almost all 242 (96.8%) caregivers did not know the children’s Hb phenotype. Most 173 (69.2%) of the children had HbAA;55(22.0%) were HbAS; 6(2.4%) were HbAC; 15 and 1 (6.0% and 0.4%) were HbSS and HbSCphenotypes respectively. Education was statistically significant with awareness of SCD (p=0.002) and awareness of SCD was statistically significant with knowledge of prevention (p<0.001) among the caregivers.Conclusion: Awareness of SCD among the caregivers of children was high, although the majority of them did not know the children’s Hb phenotype. Most of the children had HbAA with a high proportion of HbSS and HbSC phenotypes. A routine neonatal/early infant screening program for SCD is highly recommended in Nigeria for early diagnosis and prevention of SCD complications
Prevalence and type of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in an apparently healthy Nigerian population: a cross sectional study
No full textBackground
The prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a premalignant plasma-cell disorder has not been determined in our geographic area Nigeria.
Methods
A cross sectional survey was carried on apparently healthy Nigerians selected by multistage sampling technique from the cosmopolitan city of Lagos, Nigeria. Subjects enrolled into the study had 2-step screening for the presence, type and concentration of monoclonal band. Agarose-gel electrophoresis was performed on all serum samples, and any serum sample with a discrete band of monoclonal protein or thought to have a localized band was subjected to Immunofixation. Subjects were also evaluated for Bence jones proteinuria, haematological and biochemical parameters.
Results
Four hundred and ten subjects with a mean age of 45.68 ± 10.3 years, a median of 45.00 years and a range of 20 to 80 years were enrolled into the study. MGUS was identified in only one (0.24 percent) of the 410 study subject. This subject was demonstrated to have a double monoclonal gammopathy; IgGλ at 16.9 g/L and IgAκ at 8.5 g/L. None of them including the sole subject with MGUS had a monoclonal urinary light chain.
Conclusion
Among residents of Lagos, Nigeria, MGUS was found in only 0.24% percent of apparently normal persons with a median age of 45 years. This suggests that MGUS which represents the earliest stage of monoclonal plasma/lymphoid cell proliferation is not a common finding in the relatively young population of Nigeria. Future epidemiologic studies dealing with plasma cell disorders in older people are required to carefully examine the relationship between environmental factors and prevalence of MGUS and its ultimate progression to MM
Utilisation of SF-36 and WHOQOL-BREF in assessing health related quality of life of people living with sickle cell disease in Nigeria
No full textBackground: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) can be assessed with generic or disease-specific HRQoL instruments. The use of a generic tool will however allow comparison between Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) with other populations. To provide accurate data on HRQoL however, the instrument must be a valid tool to measure this outcome.Objective: The study is to determine and compare the utility of two generic HRQoL tools, SF-36 and WHOQOLBREF in assessing HRQoL in Nigerians with SCD to determine which is better suited for the population.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey of 180 young adult with SCD. HRQoL was evaluated using the Short Form 36 version 2 Health Survey (SF-36v2) and WHOQOL-BREF. Internal consistency, reliability and sensitivity were determined and compared. The degree of correlation between both tools in measuring HRQoL in the same population was also determined.Results: SF-36 showed better internal consistency (0.61- 0.90) than the WHOQOL-BREF (0.32-0.90), with the former less affected by ceiling and floor effects. Both instruments were equally sensitive to discriminate between participants with SCD related complication and recent hospitalisation from those without SCD related complication and recent hospitalisation with those with complications/hospitalisation reporting significantly lower HRQoL scores with both instruments. Both also showed weak to strong positive correlations in their measures.Conclusion: The SF-36 and WHOQOL-BREF are both useful tools in assessing HRQoL in people with SCD in Nigeria. Whilst they overlap in measuring certain segments of HRQoL; they show strength for different domains of HRQoL.Keywords: Sickle cell disease, Quality of life, SF-36, WHOQOL BREF, Nigeri
Effect of vitamin A and vitamin C supplementation on oxidative stress in HIV and HIV-TB co-infection at Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) Nigeria
No full textBackground: HIV and TB infections are both associated with elevated oxidative stress parameters. Anti-oxidant supplementation may offer beneficial effects in positively modulating oxidative stress parameters in HIV and HIV-TB infected patients. We investigated the effects of vitamin A and C supplementation on oxidative stress in HIV infected and HIV-TB co-infected subjects.Methods: 40 HIV/TB co-infected and 50 HIV mono-infected patients were divided into 2 equal groups. Participants provided demographic information and blood was collected to determine oxidative stress parameters before and after vitamin A (5000 IU) and C (2600 mg) supplementation for 1 month.Results: There was a significantly (p < 0.05) higher level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) at baseline for HIV infected subjects compared with HIV-TB co-infected subjects. There was a significantly (p < 0.05) lower level of MDA and higher level of Catalase (CAT) in subjects administered supplementation compared to subjects without supplementation for the HIV infected group. There was a significantly lower level of Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and higher level of MDA after one month of supplementation compared with baseline levels for HIV/TB co infected subjects. A similar result was also obtained for the HIV mono-infected groups which had a significantly lower level of SOD, MDA and CAT compared to the baseline. There was a significantly lower level of GSH and SOD, and higher level of MDA after supplementation compared with the baseline for HIV/TB co-infected subjects. Comparing the indices at baseline and post no-supplementation in HIV/TB co-infection showed no significant differences in the oxidative stress parametersConclusion: HIV/TB co-infection and HIV mono-infection seems to diminish the capacity of the anti-oxidant system to control oxidative stress, however exogenous anti-oxidant supplementation appears not to have beneficial roles in positively modulating the associated oxidative stress.Keywords: Oxidative stress, HIV, TB, anti-oxidants, vitamin A,vitamin
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