44 research outputs found
Building resilience capacity: what matters for the Nigerian agricultural sector?
No full textAgricultural systems are greatly affected by shocks; which impact on the production capacity. The extent to which these shocks affect production is however linked to the resilience of that system. Consequently, resilience capacities may change over time; and differ among the actor characteristics. The study examined the dimensions and level of resilience in the Nigerian agricultural sector; as well as the factors that drive resilience using data was obtained from the last two waves of the Nigerian Living Standards Surveys Measure /Integrated Survey on Agriculture (LSMS/ISA)-the 2015/2016 (wave 3) and 2018/2019 (wave 4). Three dimensions of agricultural systems resilience, viz Adaptive Capacity, Assets and Access to basic services/Safety nets were examined. The average resilience capacity across all dimensions was very low in the periods under study, given at 0.109 and 0.143 in 2015 and 2018, respectively. Resilience capacity dropped for female headed households between 2015 and 2018. However, while asset ownership contributed most to total resilience of the Nigerian agricultural system in both periods; adaptive capacity was more critical for females. The drivers of resilience capacity were identified as age, sex, household size, farm- size and education. Therefore, providing opportunities for agricultural actors to improve resilience capacity; especially to own physical and agricultural assets is key to building a resilient agricultural system. Building and sustaining agricultural resilience will also depend on empowering the actors through both formal and informal education and structured training programs
A Functioning Approach to Well Being Analysis in Rural Nigeria
No full textThe Nigerian rural population is described by low productivity, little formal education and poverty. The need for more studies on the issue of wellbeing of rural population is hinged on the continued development of approaches that give better understanding of the phenomenon. This paper attempted to use Amartya Sen’s capability approach to assess multidimensional well being in rural Nigeria in six functioning dimensions obtained from the Nigerian Core Welfare Indices Survey using the fuzzy set theory. A binary logistic regression was also carried out to isolate the factors that determine the attainment of a pre determined level of well being after computation with the fuzzy set analysis. The results showed that rural Nigeria is an agrarian society; the functioning with the highest level of achievement out of the six dimensions studied was Housing, while asset ownership/income was the least achieved dimension in rural Nigeria. Results further revealed that belonging to female headed households, increasing age and being employed in the private (formal) sector as well as having some form of post secondary education enhances well being while being employed within the agricultural sector significantly reduced the well being of rural households in Nigeria
Value Addition and Productivity Differentials in the Nigerian Cassava System
No full textThere is an increasing need to improve value addition in order to get maximum utility from agricultural systems. Using a retrospective panel data from 482 cassava farmers covering the years 2015–2017, this study examined the effect of value addition on productivity of farmers in the cassava system in Nigeria. We analysed a non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis to examine productivity across cassava production systems over the three year period. We also examined the impact of value addition on productivity using an endogenous switching regression to account for unobservables that determine the decision to add value and productivity of the farmers. The study found that cost and revenue outlays increased with value addition. Cassava farmers in general operated below the efficiency frontier, with total productivity declining over the 2015–2017 period. However, higher value addition farmers had better efficiency and non-reducing productivity in the periods studied. We found evidence of selection bias in the decision to add value and productivity of the farmers. The conditional and unconditional outcome estimates revealed positive gains in productivity with value addition, confirming the hypothesis that value addition increases farming households’ productivity. We recommend that essential services such as extension services, agricultural training, and ease of enterprise registration that drive agricultural value addition be made available to farmers
TREATMENT OF OIL SPILLS WITH NATURAL SORBENTS: A REVIEW
No full textAbstract: One of the most available high-energy-density fuels is fossil oils. As a result, people from every corner of the globe have sought fossil oils. They are usually sourced away from internationally recognized sites. Therefore, long-distance transport is required during which oil leakages become a problem. Oil spills and chemical leaks occur regularly as oil production and marine traffic expand. The release of effluents from the oil and gas industry has posed a severe environmental problem as its disposal has not been effectively curbed. Resolutions have been made and are still being made to solve the problem. With this, works from several researchers have shown the feasibility and working progress of applying separation techniques to obtain valuable products from the effluents. One of the areas that have been majorly studied is the adsorption of oil using inorganic adsorbents. Noting that most of the inorganic adsorbents are expensive, the use of agricultural biomass as precursors for adsorbents is now being considered, as they are relatively cheaper means. This review reports the impact of oil spills on the environment and highlighted the remediation of oil spills with organic adsorbents.
Keywords: Environment; Fossil oil; natural adsorbents; oil spill; water treatment.
Title: TREATMENT OF OIL SPILLS WITH NATURAL SORBENTS: A REVIEW
Author: Olayemi Abosede Odunlami, Ebubechukwu Olive Odiakaose, Isaac Alfa Owoicho, Temitayo Elizabeth oladimeji, Francis Boluwaji Elehinafe
International Journal of Recent Research in Physics and Chemical Sciences (IJRRPCS)
ISSN 2350-1030
Vol. 9, Issue 1, April 2022 - September 2022
Page No: 16-25
Paper Publications
Website: www.paperpublications.org
Published Date: 27-May-2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6586925
Paper Download Link (Source)
https://www.paperpublications.org/upload/book/TREATMENT%20OF%20OIL%20SPILLS-27052022-4.pdfInternational Journal of Recent Research in Physics and Chemical Sciences (IJRRPCS), ISSN 2350-1030, Paper Publications,
Website: www.paperpublications.or
Does government or private support matter during crises? Panel data evidence from household response during the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions
No full textSocial protection policies are critical public policy measures to reduce livelihood vulnerability and enhance resilience amidst shocks. In this study, we exploit nationally representative panel data from Nigeria, the National Longitudinal Phone Survey (NLPS) on COVID-19, to assess the heterogeneous impact of different sources of support on households’ response to lockdown restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We employed a Correlated random effect (CRE) model with cluster-robust standard errors for binary outcomes to examine the impacts of government support, remittance and private rental income on the probability of stopping work following the lockdown restrictions across different employment sectors - agricultural, informal and formal. We find mixed results across the three support sources and employment categories. Chiefly, government support and private rental income are positively associated with the probability of stopping work in the agricultural sector. However, these effects are negative and significant if working in the informal sector. Remittance appears not to play a significant role if working in the informal and formal sectors but has a significant negative association among households working in the agricultural sector. We also found heterogeneous effects of these sources of support depending on whether the households are in rural or urban areas. Our findings have important implications for social protection policies that target building resilience amidst shocks and risks to household livelihoods
Aggregate Demand for Micro-insurance among Rural Household Non-farm Enterprises in Nigeria
No full textAlthough, rural based enterprises are subject to a myriad of risks and economic shocks, insurance uptake has been found to be abysmally low. The aim of this study was to examine the determinants of demand for insurance from the standpoint of the rural based household non-farm enterprises (RHNFE). This study made use of the household non-farm enterprise data from the LSMS- General Household Survey of 2010/2011. Demand for insurance was measured as the monthly expenditure on insurance by the RHNFE. The empirical findings indicate that RHNFE were mainly informal in nature with low level investment, and low labour requirement. Consequently, there is relatively high production/transactions costs relative to revenue. Premium paid for insurance was found to be very low and determined by the value placed on the system, access to market for operation as well as the scope of operation of the businesses. Access to market infrastructure and opportunities for standardizing products area recommended in order for the RNFE to take advantage of insurance targeted towards them. Keywords: Microinsurance, Demand, Rural, Non-farm enterprises, Nigeri
Increasing fruit and vegetable intake on low-income population in Vietnam and Nigeria through food systems innovations - Nigeria Market Level Assessment Report
No full textUsing retailer sample from two market (180 retailers) and two neighborhood (87 retailers) locations, this Market Level Assessment (MLA) reveals overlaps and parallels in retailer characteristics, business modules as well as returns on investment. The MLA was carried out across four fruit and vegetable groups peculiar to the Nigerian environment namely Dark Green Leafy Vegetables (DGLV), Vitamin A Rich Fruits (VARF), Other Fruits (OF) and Other vegetables (OV)
Profiling women’s reality of risk and vulnerabilities in the Nigerian cassava agri-food system
No full textStudy objective: Men and women experience different realities within agri-food systems. In Nigeria, as in much of sub-Saharan Africa, sociocultural constraints have deepened women’s vulnerability to risks and shocks, consequently limiting participation in economically viable agri-food chains. This study examined the cassava agri-food system in Nigeria with a view to profiling the experiences of women in terms of risks and vulnerabilities to livelihood losses. Research question: What are the risks and shocks contributing to women’s vulnerabilities within the cassava agri-food systems in Nigeria? Methodology: The study used data of 168 women in different and sometimes overlapping nodes of the cassava value chain. The classical Vulnerability as Expected Poverty measure was used to assess women’s vulnerability to risks. Key results: Women in the cassava agri-food system mainly faced covariate risks of herdsmen conflict (35%), climate shock (22%), and fluctuating market prices (16.7%), among others. Idiosyncratic shocks mainly express as death of spouse and treatment of sick family members. Result shows that up to 94% of the women were vulnerable to loss of livelihood income because of these risks and shocks. Women managed vulnerability by riskmitigation (contractual agreements, informal saving groups), risk-coping (borrowing, multiple jobs) and riskreducing (improved farm management techniques) strategies. Contribution/implication: Although women are important at various nodes of the cassava agri-food system, vulnerability to risks may reduce their potential to make significant contributions. Gender-responsive interventions to strengthen individuals and women’s groups to build vertical and horizontal networking are necessary to overcome these barriers
The food security effect of a biomass value web concept among smallholder cassava households in Edo State Nigeria.
No full textAlthough cassava economic and development significance is gaining ground in Nigeria, the smallholding nature of production, processing, marketing and utilization persists. The smallholding and subsistence nature of most agricultural households in Nigeria means that welfare attributes may not be achieved. Operating within the concept of an economic based biomass value web is expected to increase both the productive capacity and food security outcome of the smallholders in the cassava web. The study examined the extent to which smallholders in the cassava system are involved in its biomass value web using a sample of 260 cassava smallholder households selected through a multistage sampling procedure in Edo state, Nigeria. The extent of participation in the value web was done using the composite score method; food security status of households was determined using the Foster, Greer and Thorbecke framework and covariates of food security determined through a probit regression. The results showed only about 28% of the smallholders are high level participants in the value web. While about 84% of the respondents are food insecure; food insecurity level is lowest among high level of participation in the value web. The probit regression shows that increasing levels of participation in the value web, education, and high monthly income increases food security, while household size, marital status and male headed household headship reduces food security. Policy implications suggests provision of infrastructure that help promote multiple involvement in the cassava value web
Fractional Current Flow in the Subsurface Using Electrical Resistivity Method: A Laboratory Approach
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