43 research outputs found
Community structure and timing of sexual activity among adolescent girls in Nigeria
Full text linkFunding: This research was supported by funding from the Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA), awarded to OS. CARTA is jointly led by the African Population and Health Research Center and the University of the Witwatersrand and funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York (Grant No. G-19-57145), Sida (Grant No:54100113), Uppsala Monitoring Center, Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad), and by the Wellcome Trust [reference no. 107768/Z/15/Z] and the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, with support from the Developing Excellence in Leadership, Training and Science in Africa (DELTAS Africa) programme. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.Studies have linked the timing of sexual debut to unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmissible infections, including HIV. Current understandings of sexual debut among Nigerian adolescents focused on the roles of individual and familial characteristics. We leveraged the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data to examine how community features like affluence, ethnic diversity, and women empowerment may be associated with the timing of sexual debut among adolescent girls. The sample comprised 7449 adolescent girls who were usual residents in 6,505 households and 1,352 clusters or communities. Statistical associations between community characteristics and the onset of sexual debut were assessed using a two-level mixed-effects parametric survival model with Weibull distribution. We found that community affluence [aHR:0.43, 95%CI: 0.30–0.62] and community ethnic diversity [aHR: 0.63, 95%CI: 0.42–0.94] are associated with a lower hazard of sexual debut among adolescent girls. We also observed that women that married within the observation period had an earlier sexual initiation than those who were unmarried. The results disaggregated by marital status further shows that higher community level of women’s employment [aHR: 2.45, 95%CI: 1.38–4.38] and women’s education [aHR:1.85, 95%CI: 1.03–3.33] were associated with a higher hazard of sexual debut among unmarried adolescent girls but not married adolescent girls. Higher community affluence [aHR:0.40, 95%CI: 0.27–0.60] was also associated with a lower hazard of sexual debut among unmarried adolescent girls but not married adolescent girls. Our results illuminate the associated factors of the timing of sexual debut among adolescent girls that moves beyond individual characteristics to community characteristics.Peer reviewe
Impact Of Agricultural Training Programmes On Youth Agripreneurship Performance And Empowerment In Nigeria
Full text linkWithin the framework of potential strategies to reduce youth unemployment in Nigeria, agriculture has been identified as one with remarkable employment opportunities which could change the economic status of young people. To this end, the Nigerian government with development partners have been implementing numerous agricultural programmes aim at empowering young people through agribusiness for several years. However, there is a dearth of empirical evidence on what worked well or what did not. This study therefore empirically assessed the impact of agricultural training programme on youth agripreneurship performance and empowerment using the case of Fadama GUYS programme in Nigeria. The study used primary data. A total of 977 respondents comprising of 455 participants and 522 non-participants were sampled across three States in Nigeria. The study adopted the Propensity Score Matching method to analyse the impact of the Programme on youth agripreneurship performance. Factors identified to significantly influence participation in the programme include; gender, years of formal education, intention to engage in agribusiness, perception of training and agribusiness. The impact estimate shows a positive and significant impact of the programme on agripreneurship performance. To analyse the impact of training on empowerment, the study adopted a three-stage estimation procedure which combined endogenous treatment effect regression model with a Tobit model. The result showed that training, through agripreneurship performance, contributed to youth empowerment. It was concluded from the study that participation in training led to better performance and empowerment. This findings suggest that stakeholders who aim to empower young people through agribusiness should come up with interventions and strategies to change youths’ perception of agribusiness and encourage them to participate in agricultural programmes. It also suggests the need to increase investment in agricultural training such as the case stud
Youth Agricultural Entrepreneurship: Assessing the Impact of Agricultural Training Programmes on Performance
No full textUsing the case of the Fadama Graduate Unemployed Youth and Women Support (GUYS) programme, this study investigated the impact of agricultural training programmes on youth agripreneurship performance in Nigeria. A total of 977 respondents comprising of 455 participants of the programme and 522 non-participants were sampled across three states in Nigeria. Data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire programmed on Open Data Kit (ODK). Data were analysed using the Endogenous Treatment Effect Regression (ETER) model. The probit model results revealed that participation in the programme was significantly influenced by age, years of formal education, marital status, current residence, employment type, and perception of training. The empirical analysis showed that after controlling for endogeneity, participation in the programme led to better performance which was measure in terms of average income from agripreneurship activities. These findings highlight the significance of training in improving the performance of young agripreneurs and suggest the need to encourage and out-scale programmes such as the Fadama GUYS, both in Nigeria and elsewhere in Africa as they can contribute to better performance of youth-owned agribusiness firms
Can participation in agricultural programmes improve youth agribusiness performance? Insights from the Enable Programme in East Africa
No full textThis study addresses the gap in understanding the impact of agribusiness empowerment programmes on youth business performance in developing countries, taking the case of the ENABLE-TAAT programme in Kenya and Uganda. A multistage sampling technique was used in obtaining primary agribusiness-level data from a sample of 1003 young agripreneurs from the study countries. An Endogenous Treatment Effect Regression (ETER) model was used to identify factors influencing programme participation and impact on youth agribusiness performance. Results show that marital status, agribusiness experience, asset value, credit access, residence, prior programme awareness, and perception were the key determinants of participation. The ETER results chow that participation in the programme significantly increased youth’s agribusiness income by 7 percent and food security by 76 percent, with participants having higher asset value than non-participants. Based on these findings, we suggest policy interventions or programmes focusing on youth agribusiness empowerment, particularly those that target young actors along different agricultural value chains. We also suggest interventions geared towards mitigating constraints to credit access by young agripreneurs to ease barriers to working capital and business innovation. To increase access and participation, we recommend strategies to improve youth perception and raise awareness of these programmes.
JEL Codes: J000, J430, Q19
Can participation in agricultural programmes improve youth agribusiness performance? Insights from the Enable Programme in East Africa
No full textThis study addresses the gap in understanding the impact of agribusiness empowerment programmes on youth business performance in developing countries, taking the case of the ENABLE-TAAT programme in Kenya and Uganda. A multistage sampling technique was used in obtaining primary agribusiness-level data from a sample of 1003 young agripreneurs from the study countries. An Endogenous Treatment Effect Regression (ETER) model was used to identify factors influencing programme participation and impact on youth agribusiness performance. Results show that marital status, agribusiness experience, asset value, credit access, residence, prior programme awareness, and perception were the key determinants of participation. The ETER results chow that participation in the programme significantly increased youth’s agribusiness income by 7 percent and food security by 76 percent, with participants having higher asset value than non-participants. Based on these findings, we suggest policy interventions or programmes focusing on youth agribusiness empowerment, particularly those that target young actors along different agricultural value chains. We also suggest interventions geared towards mitigating constraints to credit access by young agripreneurs to ease barriers to working capital and business innovation. To increase access and participation, we recommend strategies to improve youth perception and raise awareness of these programmes.Development Strategies and Governance (DSG); Natural Resources and Resilience (NRR
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Understanding the nexus between land ownership structure, sustainable land management practices, and food security in Nigeria
Full text linkThis paper assesses how varying land tenure systems associated with farming households influence their Sustainable Land Management (SLM) decisions and choices, and the impact of these choices on household food security. Based on the 2018 World Bank Fadama III Additional financing data collected from 1800 households across six northeastern states in Nigeria, the study used the Multinomial logit model to test the effects of land ownership structure on the adoption of various SLM, while controlling for other factors. Our empirical findings show that the various land ownership structure plays different roles in the adoption of varying SLM. Land ownership by inheritance and rented land have the greatest influence on SLM, as they both increase the likelihood of adopting all four categories of SLM assessed. Also, our estimates show that borrowed lands do not significantly influence the adoption of SLM which requires long-term and huge investments such as Structural and Mechanical Erosion Control Practices (SMECP) and Soil Management Practices (SMP.) Similarly, we observed that common or community land is detrimental to the adoption of long-term land investment practices such as SMECP, and SMP. Furthermore, after controlling for endogeneity, the impact estimate obtained from the endogenous treatment effect model showed that the adoption of SLMP improves the food security of farming households. These findings underscore the need to promote the adoption of SLM, by ensuring secured and long-term households land ownership, as it portends the capability to improve household food security in Nigeria, and more importantly across the SSA
Impact of Agricultural programs on Youth Engagement in Agribusiness: The Case of the Fadama Graduate Unemployed Youths Support Program in Nigeria
Full text linkCan Participation in Agricultural Programmes Improve Youth Agribusiness Performance? Insights from the Enable Programme in East Africa
Full text linkThis study addresses the gap in understanding the impact of agribusiness empowerment programmes on youth business performance in developing countries, taking the case of the ENABLE-TAAT programme in Kenya and Uganda. A multistage sampling technique was used in obtaining primary agribusiness-level data from a sample of 1003 young agripreneurs from the study countries. An Endogenous Treatment Effect Regression (ETER) model was used to identify factors influencing programme participation and impact on youth agribusiness performance. Results show that marital status, agribusiness experience, asset value, credit access, residence, prior programme awareness, and perception were the key determinants of participation. The ETER results chow that participation in the programme significantly increased youth’s agribusiness income by 7 percent and food security by 76 percent, with participants having higher asset value than non-participants. Based on these findings, we suggest policy interventions or programmes focusing on youth agribusiness empowerment, particularly those that target young actors along different agricultural value chains. We also suggest interventions geared towards mitigating constraints to credit access by young agripreneurs to ease barriers to working capital and business innovation. To increase access and participation, we recommend strategies to improve youth perception and raise awareness of these programmes
Migrants' integration experience in Ireland
No full textThis study will explore migrants‟ experience of integration in Ireland. Using a qualitative method which involves interviewing 4 males and 4 females‟ ages between 29 and 47. The focus of this study is to find out the challenges and barriers that the migrants are facing in the process of integrating into Irish society. While some of the participants expressed negative experiences of integration in Ireland, in contrast some have positive experiences of integration. Different factors such as the neighbourhood, cultural differences, racism and barriers were some of the factors that contribute to these varied experiences. Although despite Ireland limited experiences in immigration and integration issue it is evident from this research that things are gradually changing and improving; however, there is still a big room for improvement both from the policy making level and the from the society attitude at large. Author keywords: Integration, migrants, immigratio
Effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Sacroiliac Joint Inflammation, as Seen on Magnetic Resonance Imaging, in Axial Spondyloarthritis
Full text linkOpen access via the Wiley agreement We are indebted to the staff and participants at the recruiting centers. We also acknowledge study coordinators Dr Karen Forrest Keenan and Laura Moir, the Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials (CHaRT) for providing and maintaining the information technology infrastructure, and Dolapo Ayansina for statistical input during the study. All authors contributed to at least one of the following manuscript preparation roles: conceptualization AND/OR methodology, software, investigation, formal analysis, data curation, visualization, and validation AND drafting or reviewing/editing the final draft (A CRediT statement detailing author contributions is shown in Supplementary Table 3a/3b). As corresponding author, Dr Jones confirms that all authors have provided the final approval of the version to be published and takes responsibility for the affirmations regarding article submission (eg, not under consideration by another journal), the integrity of the data presented, and the statements regarding compliance with institutional review board/Declaration of Helsinki requirements.Peer reviewe
