1,721,010 research outputs found
Chlorinated hydrocarbons (pp’DDE and PCBs) in Adelie penguin and South Polar skua eggs from Edmonson Point (Victoria Land, Antarctica)
No full textBioaccumulation of chlorinated biphenyls and pesticides in Arctic fish compared to Antarctic species
No full text
Persistent organic pollutants in edible fish: a human and environmental health problem
No full textMany persistent organic pollutants (POPs) pose serious health hazards to both the environment and human. Among these, polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) are probable human carcinogens and can also pose non-cancer health hazards to intellectual functions and the nervous, immune and reproductive systems. The risks and hazards associated with POP residues in tissues are a function of the dioxin-like compound toxicity and an individual's exposure. Fish consumption might become a serious problem because of bioaccumulation as revealed in many studies worldwide.
We report data concerning the accumulation and pattern of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), p,p'-DDE and PCBs in edible tissues of commercial fish species (bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus, swordfish Xiphias gladius, Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus) from Italian Seas and of the Antarctic toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni from the Ross Sea (Antarctica). The species analyzed are part of the human diet. 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents (TEQs) and tolerable weekly intake (TWI) were also calculated to evaluate the toxic hazard for the population that include them in their diet.
Gaschromatography revealed 0.16 +/- 0.24 and 0.4 +/- 0.2 ng/g wet wt of HCB in Antarctic toothfish and bluefin tuna, respectively. p,p'-DDE concentrations were 38 +/- 29 and 31 +/- 38 ng/g wet wt in swordfish and bluefin tuna muscle, respectively, and 0.66 +/- 0.57 ng/g wet wt in the Antarctic toothfish. PCBs showed higher concentrations and they were 89 +/- 82, 80 +/- 86 and 5.2 +/- 4.0 ng/g wet wt in the muscle of swordfish, bluefin tuna and Antarctic toothfish, respectively. In Mediterranean fish, the most abundant congeners were the most persistent PCB numbers 153, 138, 180, 118 and 170, which accounted for 51% and 47% of the total PCB residue in tuna fish and swordfish, respectively, and 18% in the Antarctic toothfish. TEQs were 1.97 and 4.65 pg/g wet wt in bluefin tuna muscle and gonads, respectively, and 0.11 pg/g wet wt in Antarctic toothfish. The TEQ weekly intake was calculated and values ranged 197-465 Pg(TEQ)/week when consuming 100 g of Mediterranean fish and therefore lower than the recommended TWI Those values were higher (788-1860 Pg(TEQ)/week) than the recommended TWI, if 400 g of fish/week was consumed (with the exception of Antarctic fish). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Concentration and toxic evaluation of polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) in Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) from Edmonson Point (Ross Sea, Antarctica)
No full textPersistent organic pollutants in some species of the Ross Sea pelagic trophic web
No full textAdélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) stomach contents, krill (Euphausia superba and E. crystallorophias) and silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum) from the Ross Sea were analysed to determine several persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In discussing the data, the prey-predator linkage between these species was taken into account. Sampling was carried out during the 1995/96 and 1999/00 Italian Antarctic Expeditions. Fifty four polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) andp,p'-DDE and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were quantified in stomach contents of penguins nesting at Edmonson Point (Victoria Land) and in whole specimens of silverfish and krill from the Ross Sea. Xenobiotic concentrations in organisms were low compared to data reported for many marine species of lower latitudes and ranged from 0.22 ng g-1 wet wt p,p'-DDE in krill to 161 ng g-1 wet wt PCBs in silverfish. Fingerprints and class of isomer patterns showed a predominance of low chlorinated PCBs, mainly in pelagic organisms. Average input of these POPs through the diet was also evaluated. Concentrations of the most toxic non-ortho PCBs, IUPAC nos 77 (3,3′,4,4′), 126 (3,3′,4,4′,5) and 169 (3,3′,4,4′,5,5′), were 1.63 pg g-1 7.31 pg g-1 and 0.23 pg g-1 wet wt, respectively, in stomach content samples. Stomach contents had 0.037 pg g-1 wet wt TEQ (Toxic Equivalents) of which penta-CB 126 accounted for most of the toxicity
Levels and enantiomeric signatures of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in marine organisms from Antarctica.
No full textConcentration of persistent organinic pollutants in bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) from the Southern Thyrrenian sea
No full textPersistent organic pollutans in stomach contents of Adelie penguins from Edmonson Point (Ross Sea, Antarctica)
No full textVrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherland
Bioaccumulation of endocrine disrupting compounds in the Greenland shark Somniosus microcephalus from the Greenland seawaters.
No full textRecent climate changes associated with anthropogenic emissions of pollutants are triggering shifts in global biogeochemical cycles and polar marine ecosystem. The decrease of sea ice and the mechanism of ice formation/melting, may considerably have an impact on the mobility of contaminants and on the loss of biodiversity. In this work, we report the occurrence and bioaccumulation of selected endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in muscle and liver of the Greenland shark Somniosus microcephalus, an arctic species of interest for biogeography, migration, physiology, long- and short-term contaminant storage. The EDCs selected for this study were 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), its mono- (NP1EO) and di-ethoxylate (NP2EO) precursors and bisphenol A (BPA). There are currently very few scientific papers on the distribution and transport of these EDCs in the arctic marine food web and no such studies have been performed on the Greenland shark. Totally, muscles and liver samples were analyzed from 23 Greenland sharks (TL range 149–442 cm) sampled in W, SW, SE, and NE Greenland. Extraction of analytes from biological matrices were performed by ASE (Accelerated Solvent Extraction), followed by HPLC-Fluorescence (FLD) detection. Results showed higher contamination levels in muscle than in liver in the sharks from SE and NE Greenland, while in specimens from W and SW Greenland the liver was the tissue more contaminated. In fact, the 4-NP, NP1-2EO and BPA mean content in liver of SW Greenland specimens was 43.5 ng/g, 288.5 ng/g and 8.2 ng/g wet wt respectively, while in muscle mean concentrations was 20.3 ng/g for 4-NP, 171.1 ng/g wet wt for NP1-2EO and 7.9 ng/g for BPA. Results confirm the presence of selected EDCs in this species, suggesting the transfer of contamination in the Euro-Arctic marine trophic web
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