158 research outputs found
Adsorptive removal of direct black 22 dye using pumice and scoria from aqueous solution and wastewater
No full textA textile industry releases large amounts of dying chemicals, which create severe water
pollution when discharged untreated. Most of these dyes, because of their carcinogenic and
mutagenic properties, they threaten human health and aquatic life. Adsorptive-based
experiment was employed to investigate direct black 22-dye removal capacity of pumice and
scoria from aqueous solution and textile wastewater.
Preliminary test were conducted to optimize parameters. Optimum parameters of pH 4 and 5,
adsorbent dose of 1.6g and 2g, contact time 90 min and 120 minutes, agitation time 30 min at
shaking speed of 200 rpm and room temperature (22±1) were used to investigate the
adsorption capacity using pumice and scoria respectively.
Results of the study revealed that 50 mg/L direct black 22 dye ion concentrations reduced to
2.45mg/L and 3.1mg/L from aqueous solutions using pumice and scoria respectively. When
compared to Nitrate and Fluoride, Phosphate, sulfate and chloride anions were the dominant
interfering anions to compete direct black 22-dye tested in synthetic sample. Chloride was the
dominant anion (973mg/L) found in wastewater analyzed for the experiment.
The equilibrium data best fit to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm with a
maximum adsorption capacity of 7.71mg/g and 8.1 mg/g with correlation coefficient R2
(0.995 and 0.9899) using pumice and scoria respectively.
Direct black 22 dye uptake model well fitted with pseudo-second order with correlation
coefficient R2
(0.988 and 0.993) using pumice and scoria respectively.
The results of the study demonstrate that naturally available pumice and scoria can remove
direct black 22 dyes from aqueous solution and it is better to remove the major interfering
anions and mixture of cofactors with suitable pretreatment techniques for real or wastewater
sample before adsorption to reduce the interfering ions competing with direct black 22 dye
Magnitude of mortality and associated factors among road traffic accident victim children admitted in East and West Gojjam Zone specialized public hospitals Northwest, Ethiopia
No full textAbstract Background A road traffic accident is a collision between vehicles, between pedestrians and vehicles, between vehicles and animals, or between fixed obstacles and vehicles that leads to fatal human injury and premature death. Children are highly vulnerable to road traffic accident death. Yet, evidence is scarce concerning it in this study area. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of mortality and associated factors among road traffic accident victim children. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 391 victimized children using simple random sampling techniques from March 1st, 2021, to April 30th, 2021. The sample size was calculated using a single population proportion formula, and the data were collected retrospectively using a structured checklist. The data were checked for completeness and consistency, coded, entered into EPI Data version 3.1, and then transferred to STATA version 14 statistical software for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the association between dependent and independent variables. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% CI was used to measure the strength of the association, and a P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result The overall mortality was 10.7% (95% CI: 8- 14). Patients’ age within 1- 4 years (AOR (95%CI: 7(2.0–24.6)), urgent need of blood transfusion (AOR (95%CI: 3.2(1.03–9.8)), Glasgow coma scale < 8 (AOR (95%CI: 6.7(2.1–20.8)), surgery done (AOR (95%CI: 4.7(1.6–14.1)), and length of stay < 5 days (AOR (95%CI: 4.7(1.6–13.3)) were significantly associated with mortality of road traffic accident victim children. Conclusion The overall mortality was high compared with other countries’ findings. Being young, in urgent need of blood transfusion, Glasgow coma scale < 8, undergoing surgery, and short length of stay were significantly associated with mortality of road traffic accident victim children. This study recommended prioritizing young children and timely blood transfusions for emergency cases
Problems and Prospective for Ethiopia's Joining WTO
No full textThe article is devoted to the analysis of problems and prospective of Ethiopia's joining WTO. The advantages and disadvantages of the process, its costs and benefits are considered. The author takes into account that the country is in the stage of infant industrialization of its economic development. One of the paper's conclusions is that the industrialization of their economy is of vital necessity for least developed countries, which should be taken into account in their aspiration to become WTO members. The general conclusion is that WTO membership of least developed countries including Ethiopia may have a negative consequence in the short and medium term and positive consequence in the long-term development
Comparative Evaluation of Feeding Equipment in Cowsheds
No full textAntakse ülevaade uurimistöö eesmärkidest, probleemidest, uurimismeetoditest, olulisematest
tulemustest ning nende rakendusalast. Samuti esitatakse olulised faktid, arvandmed ja seosed.
Kuna söötmine on farmis üks töömahukamaid tegevusi, siis peaks mõtlema sellele, kuidas on
võimalik antud protsessi teostada endale kõige sobivamalt ja farmis kõige rohkem
tulutoovamalt. Farmiomanikud seisavad silmitsi probleemiga valida endale kõige sobilikum
söötmissüsteem farmi. Minu töö eemärgiks on välja tuua valitud kolme söötmissüsteemi
jõudlused ning nende plussid ja miinused, et farmiomanikud saaksid rohkem infot nende
seadmete kohta. Kuigi kolmest söötmissüsteemist kaks on automaatsed söötmissüsteemi, siis
tehnoloogiliseslt on neil väga palju erinevusi.Since feeding is one of the most time consuming activities in the farm, farm owners are facing
the problem how to choose the most appropriate feeding systems. Author discusses and
compares the possible solutions to carry out feeding process effectively. This thesis aim is to
bring out the pros and cons of the three feeding systems that author has chosen. Although two
of the three are automatic feeding systems, there are many technological differences between
them
Accounting for Oil and Gas : The effect of the gap between US GAAP and IFRS on Norwegian companies
No full textAbstract Background Oil and gas is a main source of revenue for many countries. Norway is one of them. Several companies operate in these countries. The companies demand accounting to communicate to their stakeholders. The two biggest accounting regimes, IASB and USA have their own standards for the upstream activities of those companies. The standard setting bodies mandatorily require companies to comply. Norwegian listed companies, as they are in the IASB regime, must comply with the IASB standard, IFRS 6. Problem The IASB standard has a problem of addressing the entire upstream activities of the companies Moreover, the standard has conceptual flaw. However, these oil and gas firms are required to follow it. As a remedy, the entities fill the gap by using the US GAAP, if they are listed, as the regulation requires them to follow IFRS. Thus, using these two standards coupled with the defect of the IASB standard is affecting them. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to explain the effects of IFRS 6 on companies by comparing it with the US GAAP standard. In doing so, theories relevant to the issue are described and the technical gaps between the two standards are elaborated. Method This thesis uses mixed method. The research design followed is concurrently mixing quantitative and qualitative methods. However, qualitative method dominates in the mixing. As a data collection mechanism, interview, questionnaire and documentation i.e. the annual reports of the companies are used. In the study both deductive and inductive reasoning are used. Conclusion Subsequent to making the study, the author concludes that the surveyed companies have used the US GAAP to fill the gap that IFRS possess. However, retaining two sets of accounts has economic effect and the companies are paying for that. Moreover, they expend costs for adopting the IFRS when they change their standard from US GAAP to IFRS. Moreover, it is difficult to make conclusion about diffusion of accounting method due to contagion effect. Similarly, although previous studies show that size of a firm is a determinant factor, it is tricky to make conclusion on the studied companies
Проблемы и перспективы вступления Эфиопии в ВТО
No full textThe article is devoted to the analysis of problems and prospective of Ethiopia's joining WTO. The advantages and disadvantages of the process, its costs and benefits are considered. The author takes into account that the country is in the stage of infant industrialization of its economic development. One of the paper's conclusions is that the industrialization of their economy is of vital necessity for least developed countries, which should be taken into account in their aspiration to become WTO members. The general conclusion is that WTO membership of least developed countries including Ethiopia may have a negative consequence in the short and medium term and positive consequence in the long-term development.Статья посвящена анализу проблем и перспектив присоединения Эфиопии к ВТО. Рассматриваются преимущества и трудности этого процесса, затраты и выгоды. Автор учитывает то обстоятельство, что страна находится на начальном этапе своего индустриального развития. Наименее развитые страны должны делать упор на индустриализацию экономики. Общий вывод состоит в том, что для наименее развитых стран, включая Эфиопию, членство в ВТО может иметь отрицательные последствия для их экономического развития в краткосрочной и среднесрочной перспективе и положительные в долгосрочной перспективе
Analgesic Efficacy of Bilateral Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric Nerve Block for Post Caesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anaesthesia, 2016. Double blind randomized Study
No full textTraditional food processing practices of oats (Avena sativa) and its contribution to food security in Gozamin District of northwest Ethiopia
No full textOat is one of the cereal crops in Ethiopia, which is less recognized in terms of its food value and productivity. It is grown and utilized as a staple food only in a specific part of the country. The objective of this study was to assess the food significance of oat and document associated traditional food knowledge of the crop in Gozamin district, Northwest part of Ethiopia. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, focus group discussion and key informant interviews. Secondary data collected from Gozamin agriculture development offices and research centers were used to support our results. A total of 388 households participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were edited, coded, entered and analyzed using SPSS for windows version 20.0. The results of this study affirmed that 97.2% of the producers cultivated oat every year and high rainfall is the suitable weather condition for its production. As per the results of this study, oat is tolerant to acidic and marginally fertile soils where other plants do not grow and yield well. As compared to other conventional cereal crops, 85% of the participants of the study reported that the cultivation of oat does not require extensive farming and can be produced with minimum inputs. The entire population of respondents (100%) reported that oat grain was used as food. Almost all the respondents (99.2%) utilized oat as their staple crop for their families. Oat ranked first in terms of consumption at household level as compared to other cereal crops (tef, maize, wheat, and barley). In the district, oat is processed into different food types and beverages including injera, kitta/anababiro, gruel, porridge, enket, and local alcoholic drinks, tella. Oat is rarely used to prepare porridge and local alcoholic beverages as compared to other cereal-based staple food types. Porridge and local alcoholic beverages are commonly prepared for special occasions and on holidays. Oat is a less known crop in specific locations but could contribute to enhancing food diversity options to improve food and nutrition security efforts in the country
DHS datasets authorization letter.
No full textBackgroundAlthough there have been consistent improvements in maternal mortality, it remains high in developing countries due to unequal access to healthcare services during pregnancy and childbirth. Thus, this study aimed to further analyze the variations in the number of antenatal care utilizations and associated factors among pregnant women in urban and rural Ethiopia.MethodsA total of 3962 pregnant women were included in the analysis of 2019 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. A negative binomial Poisson regression statistical model was used to analyze the data using STATA version 14.0. An incident rate ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to show the significantly associated variables.ResultsOf the 3962 (weighted 3916.67) pregnant women, about 155 (15.21%) lived in urban and 848 (29.29%) rural residences and did not use antenatal care services in 2019. Women age group 20–24 (IRR = 1.30, 95%CI:1.05–1.61), 25–29 (IRR = 1.56, 95%CI:1.27–1.92), 30–34 (IRR = 1.65, 95%CI:1.33–2.05), and 35–39 years old (IRR = 1.55, 95%CI:1.18–2.03), attending primary, secondary, and higher education (IRR = 1.18, 95%CI:1.07–1.30), (IRR = 1.26, 95%CI:1.13–1.42) and (IRR = 1.25, 95%CI:1.11–1.41) respectively, reside in middle household wealth (IRR = 1.31, 95%CI:1.13–1.52), richer (IRR = 1.45, 95%CI:1.26–1.66) and richest (IRR = 1.68, 95%CI:1.46–1.93) increases the number of antenatal care utilization among urban residences.While attending primary (IRR = 1.34, 95%CI:1.24–1.45), secondary (IRR = 1.54, 95%CI:1.34–1.76) and higher education (IRR = 1.58, 95%CI:1.28–1.95), following Protestant (IRR = 0.76, 95%CI:0.69–0.83), Muslim (IRR = 0.79, 95%CI:0.73–0.85) and Others (IRR = 0.56, 95%CI:0.43–0.71) religions, reside in poorer, middle, richer, and richest household wealth (IRR = 1.51, 95%CI:1.37–1.67), (IRR = 1.66, 95%CI:1.50–1.83), (IRR = 1.71, 95%CI:1.55–1.91) and (IRR = 1.89, 95%CI:1.72–2.09) respectively, being married and widowed/separated (IRR = 1.85, 95%CI:1.19–2.86), and (IRR = 1.95, 95%CI:1.24–3.07) respectively were significantly associated with the number of antenatal care utilization among rural residences.ConclusionThe utilization of antenatal care is low among rural residents than among urban residents. To increase the frequency of antenatal care utilization, health extension workers and supporting actors should give special attention to pregnant women with low socioeconomic and educational levels through a safety-net lens.</div
STROBE-checklist.
No full textBackgroundAlthough there have been consistent improvements in maternal mortality, it remains high in developing countries due to unequal access to healthcare services during pregnancy and childbirth. Thus, this study aimed to further analyze the variations in the number of antenatal care utilizations and associated factors among pregnant women in urban and rural Ethiopia.MethodsA total of 3962 pregnant women were included in the analysis of 2019 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. A negative binomial Poisson regression statistical model was used to analyze the data using STATA version 14.0. An incident rate ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to show the significantly associated variables.ResultsOf the 3962 (weighted 3916.67) pregnant women, about 155 (15.21%) lived in urban and 848 (29.29%) rural residences and did not use antenatal care services in 2019. Women age group 20–24 (IRR = 1.30, 95%CI:1.05–1.61), 25–29 (IRR = 1.56, 95%CI:1.27–1.92), 30–34 (IRR = 1.65, 95%CI:1.33–2.05), and 35–39 years old (IRR = 1.55, 95%CI:1.18–2.03), attending primary, secondary, and higher education (IRR = 1.18, 95%CI:1.07–1.30), (IRR = 1.26, 95%CI:1.13–1.42) and (IRR = 1.25, 95%CI:1.11–1.41) respectively, reside in middle household wealth (IRR = 1.31, 95%CI:1.13–1.52), richer (IRR = 1.45, 95%CI:1.26–1.66) and richest (IRR = 1.68, 95%CI:1.46–1.93) increases the number of antenatal care utilization among urban residences.While attending primary (IRR = 1.34, 95%CI:1.24–1.45), secondary (IRR = 1.54, 95%CI:1.34–1.76) and higher education (IRR = 1.58, 95%CI:1.28–1.95), following Protestant (IRR = 0.76, 95%CI:0.69–0.83), Muslim (IRR = 0.79, 95%CI:0.73–0.85) and Others (IRR = 0.56, 95%CI:0.43–0.71) religions, reside in poorer, middle, richer, and richest household wealth (IRR = 1.51, 95%CI:1.37–1.67), (IRR = 1.66, 95%CI:1.50–1.83), (IRR = 1.71, 95%CI:1.55–1.91) and (IRR = 1.89, 95%CI:1.72–2.09) respectively, being married and widowed/separated (IRR = 1.85, 95%CI:1.19–2.86), and (IRR = 1.95, 95%CI:1.24–3.07) respectively were significantly associated with the number of antenatal care utilization among rural residences.ConclusionThe utilization of antenatal care is low among rural residents than among urban residents. To increase the frequency of antenatal care utilization, health extension workers and supporting actors should give special attention to pregnant women with low socioeconomic and educational levels through a safety-net lens.</div
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