253 research outputs found
Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens from External Ocular Infection at St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
No full textBackground:-Ocular infection is a major public health problem in developing countries.
Bacteria and fungi associated with external ocular infection are responsible for increased
incidence of morbidity and blindness worldwide.
Objective:-The aim of this study was to determine the profile of bacterial and fungal pathogens
from external ocular infection at St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia.
Methodology:-A cross sectional study conducted using convenient sampling technique. A total
of 215 patients recruited from April to August, 2016. Conjunctival and eyelid margin swabs and
corneal scraping were collected. Demographic data were collected using structured
questionnaire. All Specimens were processed for microbiological analysis as per standard
procedures and antibiotic susceptibility test was done using disc diffusion technique. The data
was analyzed by using SPSS version 20 and appropriate statistical tools were used.
Result: - A total of 215 patients were enrolled in this study. Of which 133(61.4 %) were culture
positive. Of this 118(54.9%) and 24(11.2%) were bacterial and fungal pathogens respectively.
There were 9 (6.8%) bacterial and fungal co-infections. Majority were males 109 (50.7%). The
mean age of the study participants was 42.34 (Sd. +20.55) and majority of participants age were
within the age range of 25-44 years 72(33.5%). Majority had conjunctivitis 87(40.5%) followed
by blepharitis 48(22.3%). The predominant bacterial pathogen isolated were gram positives
88(74.6%). Of this S. aureus 32(27.1%) was the commonest isolate and K. pneumoniae 9(7.6%)
was the predominant from gram negative bacterial pathogens. Aspergillus species 14(58.3%)
were the most predominant fungal isolates. Gram positive cocci and gram negative rods were
highly resistant for Penicillin 66/88(75%) and Ampicilin 20/27(81.5%) respectively. 71.2% of
MDR bacteria were isolated. There was statistically significant association between prevalence
of bacterial isolates and age variation (P=0.023) and trauma with fungi prevalence (P=0.002).
Conclusion:-The prevalence of bacterial and fungal pathogens was higher among external ocular
infection. The drug resistance among ocular bacterial infection was also higher
sj-docx-1-ehi-10.1177_11786302221109357 – Supplemental material for A Qualitative Study of Factors Influencing Unsafe Work Behaviors Among Environmental Service Workers: Perspectives of Workers, and Safety Managers: The Case of Government Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-ehi-10.1177_11786302221109357 for A Qualitative Study of Factors Influencing Unsafe Work Behaviors Among Environmental Service Workers: Perspectives of Workers, and Safety Managers: The Case of Government Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia by Aiggan Tamene, Aklilu Habte, Fitsum Endale and Addisalem Gizachew in Environmental Health Insights</p
MCDM-GIS Based land suitability evaluation for Abattoir site: the case of Addis Ababa, capital city of Ethiopia
No full textAbattoir is one of the important urban functions that need a suitable site to be compatible with the surrounding geographic features. Cities that have increasing population size having one abattoir is difficult to be accessible for all; especially in the city of Addis Ababa. In Ethiopia, there are limited research efforts that address the land evaluation for Abattoir through the AHP-GIS approach in Ethiopia particularly in Addis Ababa. In this study, MCDM-GIS-based approach was used to map suitable sites for Abattoir in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. To select and evaluate the site; ten physical and social criteria were used. All factor maps were geo-referenced and reclassified according to their suitability based on norms and standards of abattoir site selection. Weights for each criterion were assigned based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process using a pairwise comparison matrix. After assigning weights, all criteria were combined (WLC) to get the most suitable sites for the abattoir, and based on the overlay result a thematic map of the selected potential sites was produced. From the total study area, about 17.7% were found as the most suitable potential sites and they were grumped as 10; and 1.7% was unsuitable for abattoir sites. Thus, decision-makers should give due attention to social, economic, and environmental norms and standards to select abattoir potential sites to improve the environmental sanitation, abattoir service delivery, and wellbeing of the society at large. Key words: Abattoir, Potential site, GIS, AHP, Ethiopia. DOI: 10.7176/JEES/15-1-01 Publication date: January 30th 202
Rapport de la troisième réunion du comité intergouvernemental d'experts des pays africains les moins avancés
No full textLa troisième réunion du Comité intergouvernemental d'experts des pays africains les moins avancés s'est tenue à Addis-Abeba (Ethiopie) du 9 au 11 mai 1984. Le Camarade Aklilu Afework, Commissaire au secteur de la production du Conseil de la planification centrale de l'Ethiopie socialiste, à souhaite" la bienvenue à Addis-Abeba aux participants à la troisième réunion du Comité intergouvernemental d’exports des pays africains les moins avancés
Changes in birth-weight of Hospital-delivered neonates in Addis Ababa
No full textA retrospective study was conducted to establish recent birth-weight changes in singleton live births at Tikur Anbessa Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia for about 20 years period, September 1976 September 1996. The overall mean birth-weight was 3126g (SD=502). A decline in mean birth-weight was observed from 3162g (95% CI 3137-3186) and 3162g (95% CI 3149-3176) in the 70's and the 80's, respectively, to 3058g (95% CI 3041-3075) in the 90's. The over all proportion of low birth weight was 8.4%, increasing from 5.8% (95% CI 4.6%-7.3%) in the 70's to 7.1% (95% CI 6.4%-7.8%) in the 80's and to 11.3% (95% CI 10.2%-12.3%)in the 90's. When birth-weight was controlled for sex and maternal characteristics, a significant decrease on birth- weight was observed in the 90's, by about 81g (95% CI 44.3 - 118.5g) as compared to the 1970's. The odds of low birth-weight in the 90's was about 52% higher compared to the 70's: (OR=1.52, 95%CI=1.04-2.22). Similarly important changes in the distribution of pre-term delivery, maternal age, parity, sex ratio, and ante-natal follow-up that might have favored the decrease in birth weight were noted between the 90's and the earlier decades. Mean birth-weight was observed to peak in the months of August, September, and October ranging from 3143g to 3173g and fall between March and July. The proportion of low birth weight negatively correlated with the mean birth-weight was highest (10%) in April and observed to fall between August and October, with the lowest proportion of 6.2% in September. However, there was no considerable seasonal variation in birth-weight. In conclusion, the study has shown that mean birth-weight has declined in the 90's as compared to the earlier two decades and the proportion of low birth- weight increased in Addis Ababa, despite a continuing increase in the socioeconomic status. However, there was no considerable seasonal variation in birth- weight.
(Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 2000, 14(2): 169-176
Changes in birth-weight of Hospital-delivered neonates in Addis Ababa
No full textAbstract:
A retrospective study was conducted to establish recent birth-weight changes in singleton live births at Tikur Anbessa Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia for about 20 years period, September 1976 September 1996. The overall mean birth-weight was 3126g (SD=502). A decline in mean birth-weight was observed from 3162g (95% CI 3137-3186) and 3162g (95% CI 3149-3176) in the 70's and the 80's, respectively, to 3058g (95% CI 3041-3075) in the 90's. The over all proportion of low birth weight was 8.4%, increasing from 5.8% (95% CI 4.6%-7.3%) in the 70's to 7.1% (95% CI 6.4%-7-8%)--in the 80's and to 11.3% (95% CI 10.2%-12.3%)in the 90's. When birth-weight was controlled for sex and maternal characteristics, a significant decrease on birth- weight was observed in the 90's, by about 81g (95% CI 44.3 -118.5g) as compared to the 1970's. The odds of low birth-weight in the 90's was about 52% higher compared to the 70's: (OR=1.52, 95%CI=1.04-2.22). Similarly important changes in the distribution of pre-term delivery, maternal age, parity, sex ratio, and ante-natal follow-up that might have favored the decrease in birth weight were noted between the 90's and the earlier decades. Mean birth-weight was observed to peak in the months of August, September, and October ranging from 3143g to 3173g and fall between March and July. The proportion of low birth weight negatively correlated with the mean birth-weight was highest (10%) in April and observed to fall between August and October, with the lowest proportion of 6.2% in September. However, there was no considerable seasonal variation in birth-weight. In conclusion, the study has shown that mean birth-weight has declined in the 90's as compared to the earlier two decades and the proportion of low birth- weight increased in Addis Ababa, despite a continuing increase in the socioeconomic status. However, there was no considerable seasonal variation in birth-weight. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2000; 14(2): 169-176
Perception, Knowledge & Attitude towards Menopause among Middle Aged Women in Gulele Sub-city, Addis Ababa
No full textThe general objective this study was to assess the level of perception and attitude towards
menopause among middle aged women in Gulele sub-city, Addis Ababa. Middle age
women whose age ranges from 40 to 60 years were participants of the study. Mixed
research method was employed to achieve the objectives of the study. 326 respondents for
the quantitative study from three woredas were randomly selected and 8 respondents were
purposively selected from Gulele sub-city for the qualitative one. A questionnaire and
interview guides were used to collect data. Quantitative data were analyzed using
percentages, Pearson correlation, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Based on similar studies
respondents were grouped into negative and positive perception, negative and positive
perception attitude and poor, moderate and good knowledge of menopause. The study
found that 65% of the women had negative perception to menopause. And 57.1% had
negative attitude. Regarding knowledge of menopause, 50.3% had moderate, 28.2% had
good and 21.5% poor level of knowledge. From the binary logistic regression analysis,
significant associations were obtained. Age and knowledge of the menopause was
significantly associated with perception and also with the attitude of the women towards
menopause. Middle-aged women of 55-60 years had positive perception and attitude
towards menopause; women who had good level of knowledge had positive perception and
attitude. On the other hand, marital status, educational level and menopausal status were
not significantly associated to perception and attitude of the women towards menopause.
Out of 8 respondents the majority of the women from the qualitative analysis had negative
perception and also had poor level knowledge of the menopause related changes. None of
the respondents had the knowledge of the hormones that cause menopause and majority of
them did not know that 45-55 years old is the age of the onset of menopause
The effect of organizational culture on trainers’ job satisfaction in the Addis Ababa City Administration, Ethiopia
No full textThis study aimed to examine the influence of organizational culture on job satisfaction among trainers in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) colleges in Addis Ababa City Administration. Utilizing a cross-sectional survey design, a sample of 230 trainers was selected from two colleges through simple random sampling. Standardized questionnaires were employed to collect data on organizational culture and job satisfaction, which underwent analysis using statistical techniques, including frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, Spearman’s rho correlation, Mann-Whitney U test, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS version 23. The findings revealed that adhocracy was the dominant cultural type in TVET colleges, and trainers expressed satisfaction with their jobs in both institutions. Furthermore, the study identified that organizational culture types explained 30% of trainers’ job satisfaction, with market culture emerging as the sole significant and positive predictor of job satisfaction in the area (0.74). Additionally, a weak to moderate positive correlation was observed between organizational culture and trainers’ job satisfaction. Notably, a statistically significant difference was noted between male and female trainers regarding job satisfaction. Consequently, the study recommends prioritizing efforts to enhance market culture to sustain trainers’ job satisfaction
The burden on emergency centres to provide care for critically ill patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
No full textIntroduction: Given the scarcity of critical care hospital beds in Africa, emergency centres (ECs) are increasingly charged with caring for critically ill patients for extended periods of time. The objective of this study was to improve the understanding of the nature and outcomes of critically ill patients with prolonged treatment times of more than six hours in two ECs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: This study was conducted over three months in two ECs of urban tertiary care hospitals in Addis Ababa. Structured questionnaires were completed by six emergency and critical care nurses. EC patients were included if they met the Society for Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) intensive care unit (ICU) admission criteria and stayed in the EC for more than 6 h. We collected initial demographic and clinical information, data about the patients’ clinical course in the EC, and data regarding the patients’ disposition. We used descriptive statistics for analysis. Results: A total of 291 patients, over the course of three months, had an EC stay that exceeded six hours. The median length of stay for these patients was 48 h (interquartile range: 25–72 h). The most common categories of illness were neurological disease in 87 patients (30%) and cardiovascular disease in 61 patients (21%). The most frequent aetiologies of critical illness were severe head trauma and severe sepsis with multi-organ failure (26 patients, 9% each). A total of 94 patients (32%) died in the EC, while 86 (30%) were discharged directly from the EC without hospital admission. Discussion: ECs in Addis Ababa face a heavy burden in caring for a large number of critically ill patients over a long period of time, with relatively high mortality rates. These findings should promote supporting emergency centres to strengthen and expand ICU capacity to provide appropriate critical care services. Keywords: Emergency medicine, Critical care, Overcrowding, Ethiopi
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