8 research outputs found
Mplus syntax for double cross-validation using latent class analysis (LCA) and comparing outcomes across classes
No full textA PDF containing Mplus syntax with notes.Mplus syntax for double cross-validation using latent class analysis (LCA) and comparing outcomes across classes. This includes exploratory LCA to identify a best fitting model, cross-validating the model in separate halves of the study sample, and comparing outcomes (i.e., mental health, physical health, alcohol consequences, and GPA) across latent classes using a bias-adjusted, three-step analysis for comparing outcomes across latent classes.Merians, Addie N; Baker, Majel R; Frazier, Patricia A; Lust, Katherine. (2018). Mplus syntax for double cross-validation using latent class analysis (LCA) and comparing outcomes across classes. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/198643
Resilience in college students following childhood maltreatment
No full textUniversity of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. 2021. Major: Psychology. Advisor: Patricia Frazier. 1 computer file (PDF); 104 pages.Objective: I examined the relations between childhood maltreatment and domains of functioning (i.e., relational functioning, educational functioning, autonomy, drinking consequences, psychological functioning) and the moderators of these relations among college students. I hypothesized that most students with a history of childhood maltreatment would display resilience in the domains of functioning, both cross-sectionally and across time, though more students without a history of childhood maltreatment would be categorized as resilient. I also hypothesized that current stressors would moderate the relation between childhood maltreatment and functioning as a risk factor, whereas emotion regulation, meaning-making, and social support would buffer the relations between childhood maltreatment and functioning.Participants and Methods: Data were collected at two time points from undergraduate students at the beginning (N = 312) and end (N = 241) of the semester.
Results: The majority of students with low and moderate-to-severe childhood maltreatment were resilient in most domains at both time points and across time. For relational functioning and psychological functioning, the proportion of students with histories of maltreatment who were resilient was significantly different than those without at Time 1. Recent stressors, emotion regulation, meaning-making, and social support did not moderate the relation between maltreatment and any outcome.
Conclusions: Research on maltreatment in undergraduate college students needs to acknowledge resilience, as many students with histories of maltreatment display resilient functioning. Further research on potential moderators is needed.Merians, Addie. (2021). Resilience in college students following childhood maltreatment. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/224984
The association between 5-HTTLPR and spontaneous facial mimicry: An investigation using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
No full textFacial mimicry has been considered an automatic, spontaneous process. However, recent research suggests that facial mimicry is dependent on the context of the social interaction, with increased mimicry occurring when the understanding of another’s emotional states is important. In this study, we examined the social context of facial mimicry of positive and negative facial expressions of emotion, and how mimicry relates to common variants in the serotonin transporter genotype 5-HTTLPR, which has been found to relate to proneness to negativity and to social sensitivity. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the negativity associated with a particular 5-HTTLPR genotype may be due to decreased processing of positive emotion rather than increased processing of negative emotion.PsychologyBachelors of Science (BS
Sexual victimization, childhood emotional abuse, and distress: Daily coping and perceived control as mediators.
No full textDispositional gratitude predicts the development of psychopathology and suicidal behaviors: Results from a 7-year population-based study of U.S. military veterans
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Dispositional gratitude predicts the development of psychopathology and suicidal behaviors: Results from a 7-year population-based study of U.S. military veterans
No full textBackgroundDispositional gratitude has been implicated as a psychological characteristic that may modulate risk for mental health outcomes. Using a population-based sample of U.S. military veterans, this study evaluated the association between dispositional gratitude and the development of psychopathology and suicidal behaviors over a 7-year period.MethodsA nationally representative sample of U.S. veterans was surveyed at four timepoints across seven years. Analyses were restricted to veterans without incident outcomes at baseline. Multivariable analyses were conducted to examine the relation between baseline levels of dispositional gratitude and risk of developing (a) major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); (b) suicidal ideation; and (c) suicide attempts.ResultsA total 9.6% of veterans developed MDD, GAD, and/or PTSD, 9.5% developed suicidal ideation, and 2.8% reported having attempted suicide over the 7-year follow-up period. Among veterans with high levels of dispositional gratitude, incidence was lower for MDD/GAD/PTSD (8.0%), suicidal ideation (6.8%), and suicide attempts (1.5%). Conversely, veterans with low dispositional gratitude were at substantially higher risk of developing MDD/GAD/PTSD (27.7%), suicidal ideation (33.6%), and suicide attempts (20.3%).ConclusionsHigh dispositional gratitude may help protect against the development of psychopathology and suicidal behaviors in U.S. military veterans, whereas low gratitude may increase risk of developing these outcomes. Collectively, these results support the potential utility of enhancing gratitude as part of primary prevention efforts for veterans, service members, and other populations at heightened risk for adverse mental health outcomes
(The) man, his body, and his society: masculinity and the male experience in English and Scottish medicine c.1640-c.1780.
No full textThis thesis examines the relationship(s) between medicine, the body and societal codes of masculinity in England and Scotland between c.1640 and c.1780. It responds to the way in which the men in histories of post-1660 masculinity are often disembodied, and to the comparative absence of men’s gendered experiences from the history of medicine. Its findings show that in both centuries the experience of being a man with a body that was the site of health and sickness was an open, candid, and often communal, one, inside and outside of the formal medical encounter. Thus, and on both sides of 1700, ill men had full freedom in the pursuit and acceptance of medical, familial and social assistance, while their physical suffering, and associated emotional distress, was met with sympathy. With their sick bodies the sites of honest self-examination and open discussion, it was in part this very public nature of their sicknesses that allowed men, as a gender and as individuals, independence and agency in their non-commercial health care. Indeed, later-seventeenth- and eighteenth-century men suffered no constraints in their ability to respond to the vulnerabilities of their bodies, even where this involved behaviours or attributes allegedly associated with women and femininity, or inconsistent with ideals of active, independent, masculinity.
These findings indicate, therefore, great continuity across the period 1640-1780, and not only in masculine ideals of and involving the male corporeality. There seems to have been significant consistency across time in men’s social and medical experiences of both sickness and their pre-emptive preparation for it, and in an apparent collective self-confidence concerning their corporeal masculinity, their sex, and, possibly, even their sexual potential. Indeed, these sources suggest that seventeenth- and eighteenth-century men had a resilient sense of self-identity (and personal masculinity), conceptually separable from the corporeal body and its known fragilities
Changes in mental health among U.S. military veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic: A network analysis
No full textIncreases of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression have been observed among individuals exposed to potentially traumatic events in the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Similarly, associations among different aspects of mental health, such as symptoms of PTSD and suicidal ideation, have also been documented. However, studies including an assessment prior to the onset and during the height of the pandemic are lacking. We investigated changes in symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and posttraumatic growth in a population-based sample of 1232 U.S. military veterans who experienced a potentially traumatic event during the first year of the pandemic. Symptoms were assessed prior to (fall/winter 2019) and one year into the pandemic (fall/winter 2020). We compared changes in symptom interrelations using network analysis, and assessed their associations with pandemic-related PTSD and posttraumatic growth symptoms. A subtle increase in psychopathological symptoms and a decrease in posttraumatic growth was observed one year into the pandemic. The peripandemic network was more densely connected, and pandemic-related PTSD symptoms were positively associated with age, anxiety, worst-event PTSD symptoms, and pandemic-related posttraumatic growth. Our findings highlight the resilience of veterans exposed to a potentially traumatic event during the first year of a pandemic. Similarly, the networks did not fundamentally change from prepandemic to one year into the pandemic. Despite this relative stability on a group level, individual reactions to potentially traumatic events could have varied substantially. Clinicians should individualize their assessments but be aware of the general resilience of most veterans
