15 research outputs found
Effects of Urban Periodic Markets on Rural Development in Ghana: A Rural Web Analysis
No full textRural areas in Ghana continue to experience limited access to and participation in urban
markets, poor socioeconomic linkages between rural and urban areas as well as the decreasing
returns for rural products and profitability of agriculture. These problems have led to increasing
poverty and especially, within villages in the northern part of Ghana. Ghana’s decentralisation
policy clearly defines the responsibilities of the local councils to address rural problems
through the implementation of projects including urban markets. However, the local councils
have not paid much attention to urban periodic markets (UPMs) as a mechanism for rural
development. This thesis primarily investigates the extent to which UPMs affect the rural
economy of Ghana to inform policy decisions. The thesis adopts the Rural Web analysis to
explore the effects of UPMs on important dimensions in selected villages in the south and north
of Ghana to comprehend the contribution of these urban markets to rural development. The
dimensions include novelty production, social capital, and the governance of markets,
sustainability, endogeneity, and institutional arrangements. The study finds that UPMs are a
form of an institutional environment that operates effectively by engaging rural households in
trading activities. First, UPMs affect institutional arrangements in rural areas through the
formation of groups and institutional collaboration. Second, UPMs affect social capital through
the creation of social interactions among households within and outside the villages. Third,
they affect the governance of markets by increasing the direct participation of rural households
in urban markets. Fourth, UPMs affect endogeneity in rural areas by encouraging the sale of
food crops, livestock, and poultry in urban markets. Fifth, they affect novelty production
through the sale of value-added foods in urban markets. Finally, UPMs affect sustainability by
encouraging the sale of organic foods in urban markets.
The formation of producer-marketing groups on market days enables farmers to overcome the
difficulty of transporting their products to UPMs. UPMs engage the local councils to pay
particular attention to road infrastructure through the rehabilitation of village roads. Group
selling in UPMs helps farmers to determine the prices of their products. The social interactions
that are generated during UPMs connect farmers to urban and international buyers. Farmers
trade in foreign currency with international buyers during market days in urban areas with the
possibility that they would earn a high income. The availability of transport services in villages
during market days as well as the proximity of UPMs to villages increase farmers’ direct
participation in these urban markets. Rural farmers sold a larger proportion of agricultural
products in the UPMs. Rural farmers are encouraged to increase the sale of value-added and organic foods at the UPMs because consumers trust these products during market days. UPMs
engage farmers in numerous non-farm jobs, which provide them with additional income. The
study findings are relevant for Ghana’s development policies that seek to improve standards of
living in rural and urban areas. The study suggests that the local councils in Ghana should
incorporate the activities of UPMs into their development policies to aid in promoting rural
and urban interactions, as well as rural developmentThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 202
Contributions of urban periodic markets to sustainable rural development in Ghana: A rural web analysis
No full textAvailable online 14 March 2023There is a limited theoretical understanding of the importance of urban periodic markets (UPMs) for sustainable rural development in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper explores the value of UPMs to sustainable rural development by employing the rural web technique. The specific objectives are to (1) describe the characteristics of UPMs in Ghana, and (2) assess the effects of UPMs on the six indicators of sustainable rural development proposed by the rural web technique. Surveys and interviews were used to collect primary data in villages both in Ghana’s more developed southern region and the less developed northern region. Our study finds that UPMs generate important socioeconomic interactions and enable cooperative marketing in both regions. UPMs shorten the food supply chains and create new types of rural-urban linkages, especially through farmers’ direct participation. Farmers from across Ghana noted that UPMs create employment opportunities, and in turn, provide access to varieties of goods that are not locally produced. In northern Ghana, farmers’ participation in UPMs enable cross-border trading with international buyers from Burkina Faso and Cote D’lvoire. The findings imply that the modernisation of UPMs could provide a critical pathway to achieving sustainable development objectives within rural Sub-Saharan Africa.Godfred Addai, Jungho Suh, Douglas Bardsle
Social interactions in periodic urban markets and their contributions to sustainable livelihoods: Evidence from Ghana
No full textPeriodic markets are an important aspect of local economies, providing a platform for farmers (producers), wholesalers, retailers, and consumers to interact face-to-face and exchange goods and services. These markets have been increasing in urban areas in Africa, Asia, and South America because of urbanization. The increase of periodic urban markets (PUMs) in urban areas is observed as an index of modernization, reflecting a response to transition process. However, there are limited studies on how social interactions in PUMs contribute to sustainable livelihoods. This study investigated the types of social interactions occurring in PUMs in Ghana, the benefits of social interactions for participants of PUMs, and how social interactions contribute to sustainable livelihoods. This research interviewed 162 participants, comprising 27 farmers (farmers were regarded as producers in this study), 61 retailers, 47 wholesalers from 9 selected PUMs across Ghana, and 27 officers from government institutions and non-governmental market associations to obtain their opinions. We analyzed the interview data using the NVivo software. The results showed that there are seven kinds of social interactions in PUMs, including (i) producer-wholesaler relationship, (ii) producer-consumer relationship, (iii) wholesaler-retailer relationship, (iv) retailer-consumer relationship, (v) trader-driver relationship, (vi) trader-institution relationship, and (vii) trader-international buyer relationship. We found that these social interactions in PUMs enhance sustainable livelihoods by supporting human, social, financial, natural, and physical assets of traders (traders refer to producers, wholesalers, and retailers in this study). Therefore, we concluded that the development of policies to improve PUMs could strengthen social interactions, enabling the achievement of sustainable livelihoods in developing countries
The Contribution of Periodic Markets to Internally Generated Fund (IGF) of Ejisu-Juaben Municipal Assembly
No full textAs part of Ghana's fiscal decentralisation programme, Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies are mandated to mobilise resources internally to reduce dependence on the external sources of funds. Internally Generated Funds (IGF) of MMDAs in Ghana has been relatively low since 1993. The focus of this paper is to assess the contribution of revenue mobilisation from periodic markets to Internally Generated Fund (IGF). Simple random sampling techniques were used to select 94 market sellers in the municipality and officers of the Assembly using purposive sampling. The four main periodic markets were located in Ejisu, Juaben, Kwaso and Boamadumase. Interview guides and structured questionnaires were used to collect data. The study found that the Municipality practice Public-Private Partnership (PPP) with REVSOL Company in local revenue collection. The proceeds from periodic markets contributed 7.5 percent and 7.8 percent in 2010 and 2011 respectively. A number of factors affect revenue collection from periodic markets in the Municipality. These include; lack of accountability and transparency, lack of adequate logistics, weak institutional collaboration, inadequate motivation to revenue collectors, inadequate revenue collectors, lack of skilled personnel, poor development of the market and weak legal and regulatory framework
The synthesis and characterization of poly(trans-l,4-cyclohexylene-trans-l,4-cy clohex anedic arbox amide-b-1,3-phenyleneisophthalamide), 1982
No full textThe synthesis and characterization of oligomeric homopolyamides and block copolyamide are discussed. The homopolymers, poly(trans-l,4-cyclohexylene-trans-l,4-cyclohexane- dicarboxamide) and poly(l,3-phenyleneisophthaIamide), and the block copoly�amide, poly(trans-l,4-cyclohexylene-trans-l,4-cyclohexanedicarboxamide-b-l,3- phenyleneisophthalamide), were prepared by low-temperature polycondensation techniques. The aliphatic oligomer was prepared from trans-l,4-cyc!ohexanediamine and cyclohexanedicarboxyl chloride using a 10 mole percent excess of diamine. The aromatic oligomer was prepared from m-phenylenediamine and isophthaloyl chloride, using a 10 mole percent excess of acid chloride. The block copolymer was prepared by reacting the above aliphatic and aromatic prepolymers having amino and acid chloride end groups respectively. The characterization of these prepolymers and block copolymer was accomplished using spectroscopic techniques (infrared, proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonances), solution viscosity and differential scanning calorimetry
Experimental verification of spatially varying fracture-compliance estimates obtained from AVO inversion coupled with linear slip theory
No full textThe elastic compliance of a fracture can be spatially varying, reflecting the variation of microscale properties of the fracture, e.g., aperture, contact asperities, and fracture infill. Characterizing the spatial heterogeneity of a fracture is crucial in explaining the apparent frequency dependence of fracture compliance and in addressing the spatially varying mechanical and hydraulic properties of the fractured medium. Apparent frequency dependence of the estimated fracture compliance is caused when the used seismic wavelength is very large compared to the scale of heterogeneity. We perform ultrasonic laboratory experiments, and characterize the spatially varying compliance along a fluid-filled fracture. We simulate a horizontal fracture, and introduce heterogeneous fluid distribution along the fracture. We perform AVO inversion of the P-P reflections, where we obtain the theoretical angle-dependent reflection responses by considering the linear-slip model. The estimated compliance distribution clearly separates the dry region from the wet region of the fracture. The effective bulk modulus of the fluid is estimated using the derived values of the compliance. We find that the obtained bulk modulus is well explained by the presence of minute quantity of air bubbles in the water. We find also new evidences of the existence of scattered waves generated at the boundary representing a sharp change in fracture compliance. The estimated boundary between the dry and the wet regions of the fracture, which is detected by AVO inversion, is slightly shifted compared to the actual location. This is possibly due to the interference of the scattered waves that are generated at the boundary. The linear-slip model can represent thin structures in rocks in a wide range of scale. Therefore, the methodology, results and discussion presented in this study will be useful in developing new applications for assessing laterally varying mechanical and hydraulic properties of thin nonwelded discontinuities, e.g., fractures, joints, and faults.Applied Geophysics and Petrophysic
Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine in tablet dosage form using diclofenac as internal standard
No full textValidated RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination and quantification of chlorpheniramine maleate, paracetamol and caffeine in tablet formulation
No full textPesticide Residues in Honey from the Major Honey Producing Forest Belts in Ghana
No full textConcentrations of pesticides residues in honey sampled from the major honey producing forest belts in Ghana were determined. Samples were purposively collected and extracted using the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method and analysed for synthetic pyrethroids, organochlorine, and organophosphate pesticide residues. Aldrin, γ-HCH, β-HCH, ∑endosulfan, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin methoxychlor, ∑DDT, chlorpyrifos, fenvalerate, malathion, dimethoate, and diazinon were all detected at the concentration of 0.01 mg/kg, while cyfluthrin and permethrin were detected at mean concentrations of 0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg, respectively. All the pesticide residues detected were very low and below their respective maximum residue limits set by the European Union. Hence, pesticide residues in honey samples analyzed do not pose any health risk to consumers.</jats:p
Application of the Rural Web Framework within the Context of Sustainable Development: A Systematic Literature Review
No full textIn recent years, sustainability concerns have gained increasing attention among countries and stakeholders worldwide. Towards the transition to sustainable rural development, the rural web framework (RWF) has become a consistent tool. Indicators from the RWF have been used to explore sustainable rural development for decision-making tasks, which improves the social, economic, and environmental performance of rural regions. However, the application of the RWF in studies is on the decline. Furthermore, there is a lack of literature reviews on the importance of the RWF and its relationship with different facets of sustainable development. We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) (a) to explore how studies have used the RWF in the context of sustainable development and (b) to identify areas for further research. This study found that the RWF has mostly been used in developed countries, with fewer applications in developing countries. We suggest that there should be increased application of the RWF, particularly in developing countries, to broaden the rural web–sustainable development discourse and its relevance. This paper presents several areas where the indicators of the RWF can be applied to illustrate their relevance for policy decisions towards the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs)
