186,466 research outputs found
Adaptive radar detection in the presence of multiple alternative hypotheses using kullback-leibler information criterion-part II: Applications
No full textThis paper deals with adaptive radar detection problems where several alternative hypotheses may be plausible. This kind of problems naturally extends the conventional binary tests that often occur in radar (as well as in other application fields) by including a further uncertainty degree related to the number of unknown signal parameters (model order). Such a modification consequently leads to multiple composite alternative hypotheses. In the companion paper (Addabbo et al., 2021), we have defined a new design framework which allows us to come up with decision schemes for these hypothesis testing problems by exploiting the Kullback-Leibler Information Criterion and without resorting to heuristic design criteria. The architectures devised within the proposed framework consist of the sum between the compressed log-likelihood ratio and a penalty term inherited frommodel order selection rules. Such a penalty term accounts for the number of unknown parameters to overcome the limitation of the generalized likelihood ratio test in the presence of nested hypotheses. In the present paper, we apply the new design framework to different detection problems related to both real aperture and (polarimetric) synthetic aperture radar. The analysis is carried out in comparison with suitable competitors (possibly based upon heuristic design criteria) and shows that the architectures devised within the proposed theoretically-founded design framework represent an effective means to deal with detection problems where the uncertainty on some parameters leads to multiple alternative hypotheses
Gender Inequalities, Households and the Production of Well-Being in Modern Europe
No full textDemographic change and economic liberalization are reshaping European states in a number of profound ways. In particular, an ageing population and shifts in the labour market are bringing new challenges to the welfare systems of the continent's nation states. Foremost among these challenges include the issue of how to cope with a growing population of dependent people and how to deal with a profound shift in the nature and organisation of work. The expansion of service sector employment, the emergence of more flexible working practices and the increased participation of women in European labour have been key trends in most European countries. These changes imply a modification of public and private responsibilities towards the provision of well-being among European populations, and a reconfiguration of the relationships between individuals, households and public institutions. This unique volume of essays seeks to analyse these changes and situate them in a wider historical and geographical context. It also aims to put gender at the centre of these analyses, demonstrating the uneven experiences of men and women as both providers and receivers of welfare. Contents: Preface, Cristina Borderías and Bernard Harris; Part I Gender, Work and Well-Being: Orientations: Introduction: households, gender and the production of well-being, Tindara Addabbo, Cristina Borderías, Marie-Pierre Arrizabalaga and Alastair Owens; Social justice and the gendered division of labour: possibilities and limits of the capability approach, Ingrid Robeyns; The first industrial nation and the first 'modern' family, Jane Humphries; Vulnerable bodies, total work and caring relationships: a new economic perspective, Antonella Picchio. Part II Gender, Care and Work: Strategies and networks: family earnings and institutional contributions to women's households in urban Sweden and Finland, 1890–1910, Beatrice Moring; gender and family care in crisis situations in 19th-century Austria, Margareth Lanzinger; Intergenerational support in families in modern Britain, Pat Thane; Unpaid work, well-being and the allocation of time in contemporary Italy, Tindara Addabbo, Antonella Caiumi and Anna Maccagnan; Care as a social construct: the case of home care workers in contemporary Belgium, Florence Degavre and Marthe Nyssens; Who cares when Grandmother gets sick? Ageing, employment and intergenerational family support in contemporary Europe, Kaisa Kauppinen. Part III Gender Inequalities in the Intra-Household Allocation of Resources: Gender inequalities in family consumption: Spain 1850–1930, Cristina Borderías, Pilar Pérez-Fuentes and Carmen Sarasúa; Institutional constraints and intra-family inequalities in access to education: Swiss federalism and the gendered well-being of siblings, 1880–1930, Anne-Françoise Praz; Celibacy and gender inequalities in the Pyrenees in the 19th and 20th centuries, Marie-Pierre Arrizabalaga; Gender, money and capabilities, Elisabetta Addis; Gender equality post-separation in contemporary Europe: the case of income, Sally Bould, Gunther Schmaus and Claire Gavray
The Italian Labour Market and the Crisis
No full textThe aim of this paper is to analyse the effects of the crisis on the Italian labour market. The Italian labour market is characterized by deep gender differences and regional variability. The data show that the crisis lead to an increase in the gap of female employment rates and women?s inactivity rates with respect to Europe. The North of Italy experienced a higher increase in unemployment than the South, where many people withdrew from the labour market because of poor employment prospects. Moreover, in Italy, the increase in unemployment has been mitigated by the increase in the number of workers having access to the wage supplementation fund who are not computed within the unemployed. However, the heterogeneity in the system of unemployment benefits increased inequalities amongst the unemployed. Using a micro simulation techniques, we estimate the effect of the crisis on income distribution and poverty and find that at the national level, the population showed a reduction in equivalised household income by about 1 percent. The limited impact on household?s equivalent income can be connected to the relatively high share of unemployed who are young with relatively low income and sustained by other members of the householdlabour market, poverty, economic crisis
Sulla variabilità del quadro ecografico di un angioma orbitario in situ e della lesione asportata
No full textStrumenti di gender mainstreaming nelle università: una proposta di Linee guida per il Bilancio di genere.
No full textIl saggio introduce metodologie e strumenti di gender mainstreaming e gender budgeting per l'applicazione del bilancio di genere alle università nell'ambito di un progetto della Conferenza Nazionale degli Organismi di Parità delle Università italiane
Adaptive Radar Detection of Dim Moving Targets in Presence of Range Migration
No full textThis letter addresses adaptive radar detection of dim moving targets. To circumvent range migration, the detection problem is formulated as a multiple hypothesis test and solved applying model order selection rules which allow to estimate the “position” of the target within the CPI and eventually detect it. The performance analysis shows that the newly proposed architectures can provide an accurate estimate of the target position along with improved detection performance with respect to existing competitors
HRR profile estimation using SLIM
No full textIn this study, authors address high-range-resolution (HRR) profile reconstruction, when stepped-frequency waveforms are eventually used to maintain a narrow instantaneous bandwidth, resorting to the sparse learning via iterative minimisation (SLIM) paradigm, a regularised minimisation approach with an l(q)-norm constraint (for 0 < q <= 1), providing a variant to the original method. Particularly, the proposed method resorts to the regularised maximum-likelihood estimation paradigm including a term promoting the sparsity of the profile and related to the l(q)-norm of the vector containing the scatterers' reflectivities. A priori information on the interference power level is also accounted for, at the design stage, and, assuming that each range cell under test contains at most one scatterer, the actual active scatterers composing the target are determined by exploiting the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). BIC is also used to automatically select the optimised q, so as to make the procedure adaptive with respect to q. Once the location of the active scatterers has been determined, a least-squares approach is also used to obtain even more precise HRR reconstruction. Furthermore, an efficient algorithm to define optimised frequency hopping patterns, in the presence of a continuous and coordinated feedback between the transmitter and receiver, is presented and assessed. The carried out analysis shows that the SLIM-based procedure presents higher accuracy in the HRR profile recovery than other widely used techniques, i.e. the iterative adaptive approach (IAA). Moreover, results demonstrate that the target range profile estimation capabilities are enhanced, both for SLIM and IAA, when the cognitive paradigm is employed
Linee guida per il bilancio di genere delle Università. Una proposta operativa. (Versione 1.0)
No full textL’obiettivo del documento è quello di fornire delle indicazioni utili e concrete agli Atenei, perché possano intraprendere una sperimentazione del Bilancio di genere.
Si tratta di un lavoro che è aperto alla discussione e al progressivo aggiornamento, in una logica partecipativa, che veda le stesse Università come protagoniste e non come semplici destinatarie di indicazioni fornite da terzi. Per tale ragione esso viene proposto nella versione 1.0, che verrà seguita da una successiva edizione aggiornata, frutto delle sperimentazioni che si auspica verranno effettuate presso gli Atenei
Classification of Covariance Matrix Eigenvalues in Polarimetric SAR for Environmental Monitoring Applications
No full textIn this paper, we describe novel techniques for automatic classification of the dominant scattering mechanisms associated with the pixels of polarimetric SAR images. Specifically, we investigate two operating scenarios. In the first scenario, it is assumed that the polarimetric image pixels locally share the same covariance (homogeneous environment), whereas the second scenario considers polarimetric pixels with different power levels and the same covariance structure (heterogeneous environment). In the second case, we invoke the Principle of Invariance to get rid of the dependence on the power levels. For both scenarios, we formulate the classification problem in terms of multiple hypothesis tests which is addressed by applying the model-order selection rules. The performance analysis is conducted on both simulated and measured data and demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2019 IEEE
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