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Fuzzy logic and the capability approach
Full text linkThe definition of well being in Sen's capability approach (Sen, 1985, 1993) implies the evaluation of unobservables in a context of complexity and interaction amongst the different capabilities. The issue of measurement of well being in the capability approach is interested by problems related to the difficulties in observing directly the capabilities (a set of opportunities that the individual can convert into observables functionings) behind the achieved functionings and in the very definition of the different dimensions of well being not closed by Sen in a given list. Different techniques have been proposed in the literature to measure well being in the capability approach (see Kuklys, 2005, Robeyns, 2006, Chiappero-Martinetti, 2008, Comim, 2008). Here we aim at showing how, in the field of fuzzy logic, fuzzy expert system can be used to measure well being in the capability approach by focusing on the methods and by referring to its implementation in different areas of the evaluation of well being. The use of fuzzy expert system to measure well being has been proposed in Addabbo, Di Tommaso and Facchinetti (2004) and applied for the evaluation of children well being (Addabbo, Facchinetti and Mastroleo, 2007), of the capability of living an healthy life (Addabbo, Chiarolanza, Fuscaldo, and Pirotti, 2010) while the measurement of the quality of work by using fuzzy expert system has been pursued in Addabbo, Facchinetti, Mastroleo and Solinas (2006). In Section 1 we discuss the mathematical framework of fuzzy logic and the transition from classical logic to fuzzy logic. In Section 2 we present the phases of implementation of fuzzy expert system and in Section 3 we discuss cases of its implementation in the measurement of different areas of well being. Section 4 concludes
Genitorialità, lavoro e qualità della vita: una conciliazione possibile? Riflessioni da un'indagine in provincia di Modena
No full textI tassi di fecondità in Italia sono fra i più bassi del mondo. In che relazione si trova la bassa fecondità con gli attuali livelli di partecipazione al mercato del lavoro, con le modalità di svolgimento delle attività lavorative, con gli elevati carichi di lavoro domestico e di cura svolti dalle donne e con la stessa natura del welfare state? Che ruolo giocano i servizi di cura, la contrattazione e le leggi esistenti? In che misura il numero di figli coincide con il numero desiderato di figli? Quali politiche dovrebbero essere implementate al fine di ridurre i vincoli attualmente operanti sulle scelte individuali e familiari in tema di genitorialità e occupazione?
Questi e altri interrogativi sono oggetto del volume in cui si espongono anche i risultati di una ricerca sul campo promossa dalla Commissione Pari Opportunità della Provincia di Modena, realizzata avvalendosi di un'indagine qualitativa su testimoni significativi, trenta nuclei familiari, con particolare rilievo alle fasi in cui è elevato il carico di lavoro totale. Lo studio ha permesso di ricostruire i nessi tra fecondità e occupazione e l'interagire dei comportamenti di entrambi i coniugi nelle scelte familiari e di distribuzione dei tempi.
In questa fase sono stati analizzati anche i risultati relativi alle scelte di fecondità e alla struttura familiare prodotti dalla più ampia indagine sulla condizione socioeconomica delle famiglie modenesi ICESmo portata a termine dal Centro analisi delle politiche pubbliche (CAPP), che consente di analizzare il comportamento di 1235 famiglie residenti in provincia di Modena.Indice:Morena Diazzi, Paola Panini, PresentazioneTindara Addabbo, Elisabetta Addis, IntroduzioneTindara Addabbo, Elisabetta Addis, Vando Borghi, Natalità e occupazione: quali nessi?Tindara Addabbo, Barbara Maiani, Politiche family-friendly e quadro normativoTindara Addabbo, Francesca Olivier, Fecondità, occupazione e servizi all'infanzia in provincia di ModenaBarbara Maiani, Quali spazi per la conciliazione nei contratti di lavoro?Tindara Addabbo, Massimo Baldini, Fecondità desiderata ed effettiva: le razioni di un gap non colmatoTindara Addabbo. Variabili correlate alla bassa fecondità e considerazioni di policiesElisabetta Addis, Quali politiche per la genitorialità in un paese "mediterraneo"'Tindara Addabbo, Elisabetta Addis, Vando Borghi, Barbara Maiani, ConclusioniAppendici(Francesca Olivier, Schede sui comuni; Il questionario rivolto alle persone; A cura di Francesca Olivier, Schede sintetiche sulle caratteristiche individuali e familiari relative alle persone intervistate; Traccia di intervista ai testimoni significativi; Il campione dei testimoni significativi
Work and public policies: the interweaving of feminist economics and the capability approach
Full text linkThis paper will start with an assessment on how the capability approach within a feminist economic framework can be used to analyse the determinants of gender inequalities and then to address public policies that are able to contrast them. To analyse public policies within a feminist economic framework and in the capability approach reference will be made to the methodology proposed in Addabbo, Lanzi, Picchio (2010) and a special focus will be devoted on work that will be analysed with reference to the indicators developed to measure it and in a feminist economics perspective (Picchio, 2003). Its link with other relevant dimensions of well-being will be highlighted together with the extent of gender inequalities in its achievement. In this setting a selection of public policies will be evaluated to uncover their effects on the capability of working and gender inequality in its development and in its conversion into observable functionings
Care and the capability of living a healthy life in a gender perspective
Full text linkThis paper deals with the definition of the capability of living a healthy life with special reference to the Italian context. The increasing ageing of Italian population and the higher likelihood for elderly to experience poorer health conditions (Addabbo, Picchio; 2010; Addabbo, Chiarolanza, Fuscaldo, Pirotti, 2010) lead us to focus especially on elderly population and gender differences in the measurement of the development of this capability. Institutional as well family and individual conversion factors are analysed in their interaction with the observed development of the capability of living a healthy life taking a gender perspective. To measure the latter we use both self assessed health status and objective gerontological measures of health conditions available in the Italian sample of the Survey of Health, Ageing, Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The self-completion questionaire, that is submitted only to a part of the whole SHARE sample, allows to gain important information on the household characteristics and in particular on the sharing of different responsibilities within the household (doing the cleaning, caring for children and elderlies, earning money etc.). Part of this information is also retrospective. This allows us to extend our analysis on the measurement of individual current achievement in the capability taking into account how conversion factors can interact with the development of the capability since it allows a long term analysis of their effect
Non standard employment and quality of work: towards new forms of measurement
No full textThis Chapter deals with the issue of measuring quality according to the subjective perception that each single worker has of it. The article starts out from the definition put forward by Gallino (1993), who identifies four dimensions of the quality of labour (ergonomic, of complexity, of autonomy and of control), analysing it and integrating it with two other dimensions: the relational/social dimension of work bound up in the need for social recognition and the dimension of compatibility between working/ living time/conditions. In the analysis of the social dimension, attention is placed on the network of relationships that a specific job manages to activate both within the workplace and outside. The reconciliation dimension makes it possible to verify the compatibility of working commitment with personal and family life. Thus in the essay, a measuring method is put forward, articulated across the six dimensions, which groups together about 50 elementary indicators into synthetic indexes of various levels, exploiting fuzzy logic based on a previous model proposed in Addabbo, Facchinetti, Mastroleo and Solinas (2007). This tool makes it possible to clarify the interaction between the worker’s perception of the various dimensions that make up the quality and the remunerative/contractual characteristics of the job
Care and the Capability of Living a Healthy Life in a Gender Perspective
Full text linkThis paper deals with the definition of the capability of living a healthy life with special reference to the Italian context. The increasing ageing of Italian population and the higher likelihood for elderly to experience poorer health conditions (Addabbo, Picchio; 2010; Addabbo, Chiarolanza, Fuscaldo, Pirotti, 2010) lead us to focus especially on elderly population and gender differences in the measurement of the development of this capability.
Institutional as well family and individual conversion factors are analysed in their interaction with the observed development of the capability of living a healthy life taking a gender perspective.
To measure the latter we use both self assessed health status and objective gerontological measures of health conditions available in the Italian sample of the Survey of Health, Ageing, Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The self-completion questionaire, that is submitted only to a part of the whole SHARE sample, allows to gain important information on the household characteristics and in particular on the sharing of different responsibilities within the household (doing the cleaning, caring for children and elderlies, earning money etc.). Part of this information is also retrospective. This allows us to extend our analysis on the measurement of individual current achievement in the capability taking into account how conversion factors can interact with the development of the capability since it allows a long term analysis of their effect
The impact of age and perceived age discrimination on job satisfaction and mental health
No full textIn this chapter, we focus on the impact of different variables related to personal characteristics and working conditions on job satisfaction, with particular attention to what happens for younger (<50 years old) and older (50+) age groups. In particular, we aim at investigating the role of ageing and the perception of age discrimination. We employ an OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) regression model for job satisfaction and a MIMIC (Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes) model to analyse the impact on mental health (measured by the WHO-5 items) of different exogenous variables.
In order to assess job satisfaction and mental health and their determinants we make use of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) for the year 2015 in 35 European countries. Multivariate model results show that work-life balance and wage levels remain important factors for both job satisfaction and mental health, as well as working conditions (explored through job demand and job hazard composite variables). In the job satisfaction models, we have found a negative impact of age discrimination in all age groups, and especially for those who are 50+. Turning to mental health, ageing decreases mental health for those aged 50+, and the perception of age discrimination has again a negative impact for all, but especially for this age group
Introduction
No full textWithin the framework of the most recent economic debate and elaborating on EWCS15, this introductory chapter illustrates the rationale for the choice of autonomous work as object of the book as well as its methodological approach. Moreover, the introduction provides a short summary of the chapters included in the two sections into which the book is divided
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