41 research outputs found
От поэтики литературы к истории крестьянства: мои ранние приключения в области русистики
No full textThe article was submitted on 30.01.2015.The Editorial Board of the journal is rightly proud that it managed to persuade Professor Maureen Perrie, the eminent British historian of Russia, to write this memoir, intriguingly entitled ‘From Poetry to Peasantry: my Early Adventures in Russian Studies’. The memoir is written with such candour, and in such a lively and entertaining style, that its appeal will extend beyond specialists in the humanities. The reader is presented with a portrait of an entire generation, with its insights and its delusions, its loyalty to its parents’ moral code and its aspiration towards new visions of humanity. Maureen Perrie’s remarkable memory for detail enables her to create a complex and dynamic picture of the attitude of British society towards Russia, of cultural interactions and the cruel political prejudice that played such a pernicious role. At the same time we have a valuable account of her youthful enthusiasms, heartfelt experiences and the role of personal relationships in her development as a historian. The author followed a complex path, beginning with an interest in Russian literature and the Symbolists (her favourite poet was Alexander Blok), and leading on to research on the Russian peasantry, pretenderism and the Russian monarchy. This trajectory provides evidence of her inquiring mind and her desire to get to the very heart of a phenomenon – because a true understanding of Russia involves first and foremost an understanding of the patriarchal mindset, the peasant world, popular utopias and the cruelty of the regime towards its own people. Maureen Perrie has brilliantly succeeded in her task. Her publications make a major contribution to international Russian Studies; and this autobiographical essay, which is so revealing of the author’s personality, provides entertaining and moving reading for all lovers of Russian culture. Translated by Elena Galitsyna.Редколлегия журнала по праву гордится тем, что ей удалось заинтересовать выдающегося английского профессора истории России Морин Перри предложением написать воспоминания, интригующе озаглавленные «От поэтики литературы к истории крестьянства: мои ранние приключения в области русистики». Воспоминания написаны с таким доверительным чувством, настолько живо и занимательно, что должны привлечь внимание не только специалистов в сфере гуманитарной науки. Перед читателем возникает портрет целого поколения с его проницательностью и заблуждениями, верностью родительской морали и устремлением к новым горизонтам человечности. Удивительная память Морин Перри на детали позволяет воспроизвести объемную и динамичную картину отношения британского общества к России, культурных взаимодействий и политической античеловеческой ангажированности, играющей губительную роль. Вместе с тем перед нами драгоценные страницы, описывающие увлечения юности, тонкие переживания, роль человеческих взаимоотношений в формировании историка. Проделанный автором непростой путь, начавшийся с интереса к русской литературе и младосимволистам (любимый поэт – А. Блок) и приведший к изучению русского крестьянства, самозванчества и российской монархии, свидетельствует о пытливости ума и стремлении проникнуть в самую глубь явления, потому что действительно понять Россию – это, в первую очередь, понять патриархальное сознание, крестьянский мир, народные утопии и жестокость режима к своему народу. Это блестяще удалось Морин Перри. Ее работы являются важной страницей мировой русистики, а ее биографические заметки, раскрывающие личность автора, представляют занимательное и эмоциональное чтение для всех любящих русскую культуру
Peter the Great as Antichrist: The Secular Sources of an Old Believer Compilation from Holy Scripture
No full textThe article was submitted on 13.12.2020.Статья посвящена староверческому сочинению о Петре Великом, известному под названием «Собрание от Святого Писания о Антихристе», впервые опубликованному в 1861 г. Ряд ученых предполагали, что это сочинение относится к царствованию Петра, когда многие традиционные православные христиане смотрели на царя как на Антихриста. Автор статьи, однако, считает, что это сочинение относится скорее к началу XIX в. и что доводы составителя «Собрания» о тождестве Петра с Антихристом основаны главным образом на сказаниях о царе, опубликованных к концу XVIII в. На основе анекдотов о зачатии Петра, например, составитель проводил сравнение с Благовещением, Богоявлением и Обрезанием Господним, проводя кощунственную параллель между биографией Петра и жизнью Христа, для того чтобы «доказать» тождество Петра с Антихристом. Составитель также цитирует сочинения, якобы свидетельствующие о том, что Петр является воплощением Бога; по его мнению, такие богохульные сочинения скорее доказывают обратное – что царь воплощает не Бога, а Сатану. Наконец, когда один автор называет Екатерину II воплощением духа Петра Великого, составитель делает вывод, что дух всех преемников Петра – это также дух Петра, то есть дух Антихриста. Это является своеобразным вариантом учения Евфимия, основателя староверческой секты бегунов, который к концу XVIII в. отстаивал точку зрения, что Петр основал династию Антихристов и что все истинные христиане должны убегать из проклятого царства его. Известные российские ученые В. Живов и Б. Успенский предполагали, что метафорическая сакрализация монарха в светских панегирических сочинениях XVIII в., интерпретированная буквально некоторыми староверами, содействовала их отождествлению Петра с Антихристом. Автор данной статьи заключает, что подобную роль играли более популярные сочинения конца XVIII в. вроде собраний анекдотов, изображающих царя как богоподобную личность.This article is devoted to an Old Believer work about Peter the Great, known as A Compilation from Holy Scripture about the Antichrist, which was first published in 1861. Some scholars have suggested that the work dates back to Peter’s reign, when many traditionally minded Orthodox Christians regarded the tsar as the Antichrist. The author of this article argues, however, that the work dates from the early nineteenth century, and that the case it makes for Peter’s identity as Antichrist is based primarily on tales about the tsar which were published in the late eighteenth century. On the basis of anecdotes about Peter’s conception, for example, the author of the Compilation drew a comparison with the Annunciation, the Epiphany, and the Feast of the Circumcision, to demonstrate a sacrilegious parallel between Peter’s biography and that of Christ, which “proved” that Peter was the Antichrist. The Compilation also cites works which seem to blasphemously suggest that Peter was God incarnate, in order to argue that the tsar was the embodiment not of God, but of Satan. Finally, when one work praised Catherine the Great for representing “the spirit of Peter the Great”, the compiler concluded that the spirit of all subsequent Russian rulers was also the spirit of Peter, that is, the spirit of the Antichrist. This is an idiosyncratic version of the argument made in the late eighteenth century by Evfimii, the founder of the Old Believer sect of the beguny, that Peter had founded a dynasty of Antichrists, and that all “true Christians” should flee from his realm. The distinguished Russian scholars Viktor Zhivov and Boris Uspenskii have argued that the metaphorical sacralisation of the monarch, in secular eighteenth-century panegyrics, was interpreted literally by some Old Believers and contributed to their identification of Peter as the Antichrist. The author of this article suggests that a similar role was played by more popular works such as the collections of anecdotes which presented the tsar as a God-like figure
Moscow in 1666: New Jerusalem, Third Rome, Third Apostasy
No full textThe article was submitted on 18.04.2014.In this essay the author examines the disappearance from official Russian discourse of the idea of Muscovy as the New Israel. She suggests that it may partly be explained in relation to his opponents’ accusations of blasphemy against Patriarch Nikon for naming his monastery on the River Istra as New Jerusalem. These accusations were made in the context of apocalyptic rumours about Nikon as the Antichrist, and about the imminent appearance of the Antichrist in Jerusalem in 1666. The decisions of the Church council of 1666–1667 — including its repudiation of the idea of the Third Rome — seemed to many Old Believers to confirm prophecies about 1666 as the date of a third and final apostasy from the true faith, after the Great Schism of 1054 and the Union of Brest of 1596. The ideas of the Third Rome and New Israel persisted among some Old Believers; but unlike the idea of the Third Rome, which was re-interpreted in the 19th and 20th centuries as evidence of Russian messianism and imperialism, the idea of the New Israel has been comparatively neglected.В данном очерке рассматривается исчезновение из официального российского дискурса идеи «Московское государство — Новый Израиль». Автор предполагает, что это исчезновение отчасти объясняется обвинениями в богохульстве, выдвинутыми против патриарха Никона, назвавшего свой монастырь на реке Истре Новым Иерусалимом. Его противники выдвинули эти обвинения в контексте эсхатологических слухов о Никоне-Антихристе и о предстоящем появлении Антихриста в Иерусалиме в 1666 г. По мнению многих старообрядцев, решения церковного собора 1666–1667 гг., в том числе отрицание идеи «Москва — Третий Рим», подтвердили пророчества о 1666 г. как о дате третьего, последнего отступления от истинной веры после Великого раскола 1054 г. и Брестской церковной унии 1596 г. Идеи «Москва — Третий Рим» и «Россия — Новый Израиль» сохранялись в старообрядческой среде; но, в отличие от идеи «Москва — Третий Рим», которую интерпретировали по-новому в XIX и XX вв. как свидетельство российского мессианизма и империализма, идея «Россия — Новый Израиль» оказалась обделена вниманием ученых
A Multi-Headed Monster: an English Contemporary's View of the Russian Interregnum of 1610-1612
No full textАнализируется малоизвестное в российской историографии сочинение английского писателя рубежа XVI-XVII вв. Сэмюэля Перчаса о России его времени. Особое внимание уделяется тем разделам книги С. Перчаса, где речь идет о событиях Смуты и о царствовании Ивана Грозного. Кроме документов и сообщений иностранцев-очевидцев и участников событий Смутного времени, опубликованных в книге, Перчас дает собственную оригинальную оценку политического состояния Русского государства начала XVII в., прибегая к метафорам и образам Священного Писания и античных мифов, размышляя о природе и формах государственного устройства в духе идей раннего европейского Просвещения. Представлено краткое описание содержания и структуры указанных разделов сочинения Перчаса, библиография его источников и их позднейших исследований.The author analyzes a work of Samuel Purchas, an English writer of the late 16th - early 17th century, relating of Russia in his times, a writing frequently missing from Russian historiography. The article focuses on the parts of the book mentioning the Time of Trouble and Ivan the Terrible's reign. Apart from the documents and testimonials of the foreigners who witnessed and participated in the events of the Time of Trouble, published in the book, Purchas gives his own original interpretation of the political events of the Russian State during the early 17th century, using metaphors and images of the Scripture and ancient myths, reflecting upon the nature and forms of state structure in terms of the ideas of the early European Enlightenment. The article also contains an annotated description of the contents and structure of the aforementioned parts of Purchas's book, and a bibliography of its sources and the latest research works on them
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Advanced design and experimental validation of MRI contrast agents for fluid pressure mapping using microbubbles
No full textThis work is related to monitoring fluid pressure using Magnetic Resonance Imaging or MRI and includes numerical simulations and experimental MRI. The nature of this study is such that techniques other than MRI have been extensively used to assess the contrast agent for its physical behaviour. These techniques include rheometry, light scattering, optical and scanning electron microscopy. Six MRI experiments in total were performed: The first two experiments use standard spin echo imaging techniques to test various lipid preparations which are then used as a contrast agent to pressure in a porous medium. The remaining experiments are performed using a fast imaging technique and investigate various improvements to the contrast agent which resulted in the development of an agent exhibiting an unprecedented level of sensitivity. A variety of lipid preparations are utilised throughout the experiments. Initial testing reveals that the DSPC lipid offers the greatest stability, although a fluorinated lipid is used in a later study for an improved synergy between the shell and gas microbubble components. Having assessed the microbubble stability, preparations are prepared as in the work previously published in the area. This preparation is tested in two porous media to investigate the sensitivity of the contrast agent to changes in pressure. A sensitivity of 20% signal change per bar is found in porous media although a drift of 11%h-1 is also observed. An improved preparation was then developed by using an alternative polysaccharide gel, gellan gum
Modelling Seabed Shear Stress, Sediment Mobility and Sediment Transport in the Bay of Fundy
No full textInformation about seabed stability and sediment dynamics is part of the fundamental geoscience knowledge required for the extraction of tidal energy in the Bay of Fundy, and for the integrated management of the Bay. Waves, tidal currents and wind-driven and circulation currents were obtained from oceanographic models to assess the wave and current processes for the broader Bay of Fundy. The wave and current outputs were coupled with observed grain size in a sediment transport model to predict, for the first time, the seabed shear stresses, sediment mobility, and sediment transport patterns for the entire Bay. The root mean square tidal current, highest in the upper Bay (> 1.4 m sThe accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
Modeling North Atlantic nor'easters with modern wave forecast models
No full textAuthor Posting. © Her Majesty the Queen in
Right of Canada, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 123 (2018): 533–557, doi:10.1002/2017JC012868.Three state-of-the-art operational wave forecast model systems are implemented on fine-resolution grids for the Northwest Atlantic. These models are: (1) a composite model system consisting of SWAN implemented within WAVEWATCHIII® (the latter is hereafter, WW3) on a nested system of traditional structured grids, (2) an unstructured grid finite-volume wave model denoted “SWAVE,” using SWAN physics, and (3) an unstructured grid finite element wind wave model denoted as “WWM” (for “wind wave model”) which uses WW3 physics. Models are implemented on grid systems that include relatively large domains to capture the wave energy generated by the storms, as well as including fine-resolution nearshore regions of the southern Gulf of Maine with resolution on the scale of 25 m to simulate areas where inundation and coastal damage have occurred, due to the storms. Storm cases include three intense midlatitude cases: a spring Nor'easter storm in May 2005, the Patriot's Day storm in 2007, and the Boxing Day storm in 2010. Although these wave model systems have comparable overall properties in terms of their performance and skill, it is found that there are differences. Models that use more advanced physics, as presented in recent versions of WW3, tuned to regional characteristics, as in the Gulf of Maine and the Northwest Atlantic, can give enhanced results.NOAA-funded IOOS/SURA;
BIO Grant Number: NA11NOS0120141;
Canadian Panel on Energy R & D Grant Number: 1B00.003C;
Fisheries and Oceans Canada's Aquatic Climate Change Adaptation Program Grant Number: MAR-92018-07-2
