188 research outputs found
[[alternative]]Cultivating Capabilities of STS Teacher through Collaborative Action Researches
No full text[[abstract]]This thesis is about a series of collaborative action researches for an STS teacher's professional development. The author as the case teacher went through the following four stages. Stage 1: An STS teacher workshop. Stage 2: STS learning under anchored "greenhourse effect" STS activities. Stage 3: Under scaffolded instruction, designing and carrying out "acid rain" STS activities. Stage 4: Under less scaffolded instruction, carrying out the expanded "acid rain" activities which encourage learners' cooperative creation with STS exploratory experiment. Throughout the four stages, the author as learner/teacher/researcher, used portfolio as learning and assessment tools to construct pedagogical content knowledge. The results of this study showed that, through collaborative action researches, the four-stage teacher development program and value-added portfolio building method were able to promote STS teacher's professional capabilities. This value-added method in building portfolio motivated the teacher's self-reflection, self-evaluation and self-regulation, self-confidence and willingness to take charge of his own learning. The teacher in turn was able to promote learner's STS literacy, especially value-centered creativity. The author suggests that teachers should be encourage to promote their professional capabilities through collaborative action researches.
Sounds Local, 1994 July 29
No full textInterview with Beau Biggs of K.M. Biggs Tractor in Lumberton and R.W. Wilkins, agri-business advisor to North Carolina Governor Jim Hunt, on the state of tobacco farms and market in Robeson County; Interview with musician Arthur Shuey of the Blues Society of the Lower Cape Fear on the harmonica; Interview with author Phillip Gerard on his novel, Desert Kill, a murder mystery set in Arizona; Interview with director Defoy Glenn on C. Robert Jones' play, Nocturne for a Southern Lady, produced by Tapestry Theatre Company and on stage at UNC Wilmington's SRO Theatre; Overview of upcoming events on the cultural calendar
[[alternative]]Performance of standing long jump and its correlates among
No full text[[abstract]]Performance of standing long jump and its correlates among
male children in later childhood
Master’s Thesis,2004 Chun-chich Wang
Advisor: Junling Jwo, Ph.D.
Abstract
Fundamental movement performance is the product of the interaction of many factors. According to the constraints model, the movement can be influenced by factors of individual constraints, environmental constraints, and task constraints, and there are probably close relationships between individual factors and performance of standing long jump (SLJ). The main purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of SLJ and its correlates among male children in later childhood. Seven selected individual factors, pattern of SLJ, leg strength, leg length, body mass index (BMI), and the flexibility of hip, knee, and ankle were examined its relationships with and predictors for SLJ’s performance. One hundred and twenty-one participants, whose mean age were 11.7 years (SD = 0.6 years), were measured for the seven individual factors, the SLJ performance, and SLJ pattern. Total body approach was used to analyze SLJ pattern. The inter-rater reliability was .85; the intra-rater reliability was .90. The Stepwise Regression analyses showed that: (1) SLJ’s performance was positively correlated with the level of SLJ (r = .79, p < .05), leg strength (r = .33, p < .05), the flexibility of hip (r = .34, p < .05), knee (r = .48, p < .05), and ankle(r = .22, p < .05), SLJ’s performance was negatively correlated with BMI (r = -.41, p < .05), and (2) SLJ’s pattern, the flexibility of hip, and knee accounted for 69% of the SLJ’s performance variance. Therefore, it was concluded that, among children in later childhood, (1) the factors of the level of SLJ, leg strength, BMI, the flexibility of hip, knee, and ankle were correlated with SLJ’s performance, and (2) SLJ’s pattern, the flexibility of hip and knee were the predictors of SLJ’s performance.
Key words: constraints model, later childhood, standing long
jump, movement patterns, individual factors.
Oral History Interview Sig Olson, Jeaneau, Alaska, May 15, 1999 interview conducted by: Jim King
No full textOral history interview with Sig Olson as interviewed by Jim King.Sig Olson
Oral History Interview
Sig Olson
Juneau, Alaska
May 15, 1999
Interview conducted by:
Jim King
Jim: Sig, what we would like to know is how did you happen to go to work for the Fish
and Wildlife Service in the first place?
Sig: I was just in the process of graduating with a master’s degree from the University
of Minnesota and I had my sights set on going to work as a wildlife biologist for the State
of Minnesota up in Northern Minnesota where I came from. My dad had done the first
research on wolves and one of his students, by the name of Milt Zahn was the State
biologist in charge of that area. My goal was to go to work for Milt. However, Dr.
Marshall, my advisor, came up to me one day when I was just in the process of finishing
up there, and he said to me, “hey, Sig, how would you like to go to Alaska?” I was kind
of overwhelmed. I had never even thought about going to Alaska. I had my sights set on
Northern Minnesota. He told me to think about it.
I did some thinking about it, went home to talked to my wife and we finally decided that
maybe we ought to be halfway serious about this. I talked to Dr. Marshall a little bit
more, found out that the man that he was referring was working for the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service in Juneau, a former graduate from the University of Minnesota. He was
looking for somebody to come up and do some wildlife work for the Fish and Wildlife
Service.
Jim: Would that have been Pete Nelson?
2
Sig: Yes. The next thing I knew I was on my way to Juneau, Alaska, to be a wildlife
biologist. That is just about as simple as it happened. I imagine I filled out a form or two
but I don’t recall. It seems to me it was pretty informal. I just showed up there one day
and Pete put me to work.
Jim: There were some exceptions for Civil Service employment in Alaska then, I think.
We didn’t have to take a test or be competitive; just somebody had to say “yes.”
Sig: I don’t remember any formalities other than just coming here.
Jim: Did you work in Juneau or did you go off to Petersburg?
Sig: I was in Juneau for awhile, just doing a few local things. I can’t actually
remember what they were, just sort of a familiarization with what was going on with the
agency itself, and with the enforcement agents that were in each of the towns in
Southeast. I can’t remember exactly just how long I was in Juneau, but about two weeks
later I was transferred down to Ketchikan. That was the first place that I actually worked.
The first thing I did, however, was to go up to the Yukon Delta and conducted waterfowl
surveys the first summer.
Jim: That was 1950?
Sig: Yes. __________, my wife, didn’t come up to Alaska until we were ready to
move to Ketchikan. In the meantime, I had a son, Robert, my youngest that I had never
seen before. We then were stationed in Ketchikan. We were there for 3-4 years. My
main responsibility there was learning about black tailed deer; their range, distribution,
hunting pressures, just sort of a broad study. Nobody had done anything to speak of on
anything. Anything known at that time was very general. My first efforts were to try to
accumulate some information that was a little more positive than just guesswork. That
was the primary thing other than the summer waterfowl surveys in the Yukon Delta that
first summer.
3
Jim: Did you do the waterfowl surveys in the Delta for just one summer?
Sig: Yes, just one summer. That was the year that I hired Jack Paniyak and Mathew
Peterson. That was a good summer and we learned a lot of things about Alaska and the
way of doing things. It was one of the more exciting years that I had had up to that point.
I met a lot of people that worked with the Fish and Wildlife Service – Ed Chatelain,
Mauri (Maurice) Kelly were in Anchorage at the time. They helped point me in the right
direction. I think Ed Chatelain was my supervisor. I didn’t see enough of him out there
to really know. At any rate, they were a great help in just getting myself established. It
was a far cry from anything that I had ever experienced in Minnesota.
Jim: Then you moved to Petersburg?
Sig: Yes, the next step was to move up to Petersburg. I spent several years there doing
essentially the same type of work, with a little more detail and a little more “know-how.”
When I was there, I also had the opportunity to do some wildlife survey work on the
Stikine Delta, getting information on snow geese and just general waterfowl use on the
Delta, nothing very extensive or in-depth. That was just part of the job. It was just
general knowledge, nothing that people didn’t know, but very little had been recorded
about it. There were a lot of initial surveys made. I learned where things were, where
bird concentrations were and where they weren’t.
Jim: It was interesting times. There really hadn’t been resident biologists in Alaska
much before that time, had there?
Sig: No. There were a few – Paul Adams, Ed Chatelain. Paul Adams was on the
Yukon Delta before I was. He was doing the same thing that I went up and did. He was
banding geese.
4
Jim: We were just talking about Paul when I was out there and no one could quite
remember what his status was. He was living in Marshall in the house that had been a
game agent’s house. It seemed to turn out that they just had a house and they put
somebody in it – the same sort of vague instructions you have been referring to. No one
seems to know what happened to Paul.
You had some experiences with Dr. Ray Hawk out there on the Yukon Delta?
Sig: Yes. Apparently, he had gotten permission somewhere along the line to come out
and stay at our camp. His specialty was small birds, not necessarily waterfowl but the
other type of bird life that existed out there. He notified me that he was on his way out.
One day when we came back to camp after our day’s work was done, here he was waiting
for us. He was a rather large individual, rotund type. Jack Paniyak and his partner,
Matthew Peterson, running the outboards, their comment as soon as they saw him was
“oh, my, never go fast no more!” They did like to go fast with the two engines on the
boat. I will never forget that comment. Ray was a very pleasant person, easy to get
along with, not demanding. He stayed with us a couple of weeks.
Jim: What was that story about him wanting to have an Eskimo name?
Sig: It was during one night we were sitting around the fire after work and supper. He
wanted a name so Matthew and Jack said that they would come up with a name. I forget
if they did it just immediately or if it was a day or two later, but they said, “we have a
name for him.” It was “Oh-valu-cuff-puk”(????) He was very impressed. He then asked
what that meant. When Matthew and Jack stopped laughing, they said “jack-ass.” He
was a good sport about it! Afterwards, that was his name.
Jim: It is interesting that the slough that you were camped on got named after him and
the name has stuck ever since. I gather they still use Fox Slough. It is kind of a land
mark of studies areas there along the Kashunuk.
5
Sig: They had another name for him too, in a sense. It was “the big man that works on
little birds.”
Jim: You banded a good many hundreds of geese out there as I recall.
Sig: Yes, I can’t remember how many but we did band a lot of birds. Every once in
awhile, I am reminded about it because I still have the pliers that I used to open up the
bands. I filed little notches on the outside of the pliers so you could get inside the band,
spring it open, put on the leg and close it with the pliers. I still have the pliers in the
kitchen drawer. I use them all the time. That’s been almost 50 years now.
Jim: I have a not quite so old pair of pliers that I used for duck bands that were
modified with a file. In 1950, I worked for the National Park Service in McKinley Park.
I was going to school in Fairbanks.
Then, you did deer work for all those years and suddenly blasted into the North for
caribou work?
Sig: Yes, I got transferred to Anchorage then went up to Fairbanks. That is where we
did all the caribou work. We surveyed migration routes, tried to figure out which areas,
identified herd areas – all different areas that were used by which caribou. I found out
from all these studies, “don’t predict on a caribou.” It was more than just flying around
in an airplane and camping out in the tundra, etc. Those years many of us who were
working for the Fish and Wildlife Service, looking back and reminiscing call it the “little
golden years” because although we may have been a biologist or a fisheries person or an
enforcement agent, we all worked together and helped each other out. The biologists had
enforcement authority and it was a time of cooperation. I remember very little, if any,
friction between the various disciplines that were working together. We all had the same
goal in mind which was better management of the wildlife resources and the use of the
land. It was a time that, in a way, we each sort of made our own rules and things worked.
It was one of the best times of my life, not only for what I was doing but the kind of
6
people that I was working with – Ray Tremblay, Jim King, Ray Woolford, George
Warner, Frank Dyson, Joe Meiner.
Jim: I remember we used to have sort of a social club. Mrs. Glacier used to make
baked bean dishes. It was our own group and we were all best friends there.
Sig: That again, was the way the entire staff up there worked. There were no strict
lines that we had to stick to in particular. You helped out where needed. This worked
out because there weren’t a lot of us to do a very big job up there. We were learning the
country and learning the way things were and learning what the people were doing, how
they were reacting to management. It was a time, for me, a tremendous education on
broadening our horizons – things that weren’t even envisioned when studying to be a
biologist.
Jim: There seemed to be a big age separation there. We ranged from the mid-twenties
to, Frank was mid-sixties, yet we could all get along together and have a good time and
get out and do a job. It was pretty neat.
Sig: Yes, the fact that we could do that and that we trusted one another to do the kind
of job that we should do. I know that many times my main job there would be collecting
information on the kinds of animals that were being taken, where they were being taken,
how many were being taken, but on the other hand, there was also enforcement. I have
some interesting memories on enforcement that kind of colored things up once in awhile.
Jim: Like what?
Sig: One day we were up on the Forty-Mile. We had a check-in station up there
during the caribou rut and I had to go down to a creek and get some water that we
needed. I started off in the little Fish and Wildlife truck to get the water and as I was
coming down the road I saw this guy stopped ahead of me. He got out of his car, grabbed
his rifle and sure enough there were 2-3 caribou about 150 yards off the road. I pulled up
7
behind him, opened up the door so he could see the Fish and Wildlife emblem on the
door and just as I was getting out, bang! down went a caribou. He was standing right on
the edge of the road. There was a set distance that you had to be off the road and he was
on the road! I went up to him and said “I’m sorry, but I am going to have to confiscate
your caribou and write you up.” I asked him “didn’t you see me?” He said, “yes, but I
don’t know, I just couldn’t stop myself!” He was a middle aged fellow, very respectable
looking. It turned out that he was a conductor on the Alaska Railroad, one of those kinds
that never ever made a mistake in his life but he sure made one there. He just couldn’t
help himself.
Another time at a check-in station, a guy came in with a nice caribou and he was almost
in tears because the antlers were falling off his caribou. He wanted to know if he could
go shoot another one! Those were the kinds of things that lightened up things and kept it
interesting.
Jim: What were we looking for that time we went to Nome? We went panning in the
golden beaches of Nome. I still have a picture of you doing that.
Sig: As I remember, I didn’t have any particular reason, except you were my only
transportation. You had some business to take care of over in Nome. I do remember
flying over there. I had never been there. Jim was flying and then he decided he needed
a little shut-eye and I took over on my side. We came to a place where there was a fork
in the river – one valley went to the right and one valley went to the left and I thought we
would go to the right and about that time, Jim opened one eye and said “go left.” I went
left and sure enough, we got to Nome. How he knew where we were, I don’t know. We
had to land 18 miles out of town and pay a cab driver to take us into town. That was
probably one of the biggest taxi bills that Fish and Wildlife ever got. We were on floats
and there were no float landings in Nome and that’s why we had to call for a cab and sit
there and wait, a 36-mile roundtrip. Every time I listen to the dog races there, I think of
our trip out there.
8
Jim: Then we tried our hand at gold panning there but we weren’t very good at that.
What was the matter? Maybe we weren’t very serious about it. I’m not sure we even
knew what to look for. The last few times that I have been over there, there are a few
people making money at it on those beaches. They mostly have a little water pump and a
little sluice box. I guess we didn’t have the right equipment. Those were fun trips.
--end of side 1, tape #1—
--start of side 2, tape #1—
Jim: We were just thinking about what an exciting period that last decade before
statehood was for the Fish and Wildlife Service and those of us that were working for
FWS. We got a lot of good work done and a lot of interesting experiences and when it
came time for the transfer of wildlife responsibilities to the new State, the wildlife was in
pretty good shape, wouldn’t you say?
Sig: I think that we had done a very good job. We had taken some giant steps in that
period of time. A lot of things were “first steps” and sometimes, you had to take baby
steps before you took major steps. To be in on the beginning of more formal
management was a tremendous opportunity, not only for the Fish and Wildlife Service
but for the people who were fortunate enough to be able to be in on it, starting right at the
bottom. The Fish and Wildlife Service went from just nearly management, largely law
enforcement, to some very general things going on relative to wildlife populations and
fishery populations. We began to get more and more definitive along the line and I think
that when Statehood became a reality, and we went from a Territory to a State, I think we
handed over to the State a resource of wildlife and fisheries that was in pretty good shape.
I can’t remember anything that really stands out in my mind that we needed to be
ashamed of or any particular item. Given the situation, the facilities that we had to work
with and the experience that we could marshal, I think that we did a very good job.
9
Jim: During that 35-year period or whatever it was, from the time the Alaska Game
Law was passed in 1925 until Statehood in 1959, the population of Alaska really
increased about 3-4-5 fold. There were a whole lot more people. The thing that always
struck me was that those first agents, even though they had no training in wildlife, they
stopped some really devastating practices. They stopped the use of poisons to kill foxes
and everything else in sight, the use of game animals to feed dog teams, and market
hunting in the hills for the markets and restaurants in town. Sheep was a delicacy in
Fairbanks. It was kind of a natural transition from getting those kinds of things taken
care of to developing a little more sophisticated management with some biological input.
Sig: Let me tell you about one of my favorite stories. It may seem bragging but as it
might be expected, some of the things that we came up with, the changes in wildlife
management and laws were challenged by people. We had to make some management
decisions that hadn’t been available because we didn’t have the kind of data that we
could. One of the big things in Southeast Alaska was you hunted bucks only. The work
that I had done out of Petersburg in particular, indicating that winter food supplies were
critical, some places were actually over populated and there wasn’t enough food to go
around. We could control deer numbers by harvesting both bucks and does. That met
with a lot of resistance, that of harvesting female deer.
We finally sold it and we all learned to live with it. Years later, I had moved out of
Petersburg, been up to Fairbanks and down to Anchorage and back down to Juneau. I
went back to Petersburg but it was not on official business. I was visiting friends. I met
this old-timer on the street that I hadn’t seen for a long time. He greeted me and he said
“Sig, I want to tell you something, he said when you first come here and you say that we
should shoot the does, we did not like that a bit but now that we know, you were right,
you were right.” That to me was one of the best rewards I’ve had in my experiences, this
old-timer telling me that the decision was accepted that way was one of the best
experiences. He was a Norwegian. We were surrounded by a bunch of stubborn
Norwegians with some pretty good opinions on how things ought to be managed. That
was quite a challenge.
10
Jim: You had to convince Earl Omar who was talking to all these old buddies.
Sig: I tried to keep him from being an adversary but he was a factor that you had to
deal with.
Jim: I remember some of those discussions in the first Game Commission meetings I
went to, whether to shoot does or not. It wasn’t something that was easy to sell but over
the years, it paid off.
Sig: I think it was very important just getting to know the various people that were up
in the Interior, particularly, aside from game management, just knowing who these
people were and what they were like. I know that I made a number of trips with the
enforcement people. They had the airplanes and they had the pilots and that was the only
way that I could get around and getting information on various things that I was
interested in up in the Arctic and sub-Arctic country.
Jim: Did you ever participate in helping Dominique Renea(??) measure his beaver
skins?
Sig: No, I never did that but I heard about it but I was never privileged to share that
responsibility. My memory was staying overnight and the meals that Mrs. Veneti(??)
would put on, dressed to the “nines” you felt that you were just in a very special, high
class restaurant.
Jim: I thought it was you that was measuring beaver skins and Dominique said “keep
track of the measurements then I won’t have to measure them and he watched for awhile
and he could see John was carefully measuring from the edge and pretty soon,
Dominique said, “never mind, I’ll measure them myself.” He measured them with a
yardstick that he always jiggled around quite a bit. He didn’t want a biologist
measurement.
11
Sig: You had to learn how these people’s minds ran. You just couldn’t walk into a
village and expect answers and the kind of behavior, or whatever you found back in
Fairbanks or Juneau. I remember that first summer walking down the street of Old
Chevak and a group of men standing around in a circle there and I wondered what that
was all about. I walked by and looked over there and here was an Eskimo lying on the
ground bleeding profusely. I asked what had happened and apparently he had attempted
suicide but hadn’t done a very good job of it. They were just standing around talking as
he lay there in a pool of blood. I went over to the store and I told them about it and they
just said, “oh, that’s just the way they are.” Dave Spencer was coming in. The guy was
still alive, we picked the Eskimo up and we were able to get him onto a ship, the
Northstar, and his life was actually saved and he lived to a ripe old age. What I
understood later, someone told me about it, that learning things like that showed you how
different those people’s lives were than our lives were. Values were different and that we
could not super-impose our values on top of theirs and expect them to respect what we
had to offer or get what we hoped for. It didn’t have much to do with wildlife
management, just an example of some of the things and experiences you ran into out
there as part of the life of these people at that time. Things have changed now, I am sure.
That wouldn’t happen anymore.
Jim: You see some changes but the old ideas don’t change very fast.
Sig: Now there is a whole new generation of people out there. Education is different.
Jim: They all watch television.
Sig: I suspect that management now, I shouldn’t say “suspect,” I know that the
management of the wildlife and fisheries resources is much more sophisticated. Those
people who used to be just village people are now coming in as representatives and
senators in our State government here. Management is an entirely different picture now
than it used to be, I’m sure.
12
Jim: After Fairbanks, what happened?
Sig: Well, after Fairbanks, I went back to Juneau and there I was acting supervisor of
wildlife restoration in charge of Federal Aid and wildlife work in Alaska. This was sort
of the beginning of the end. I was responsible for closing out Fish and Wildlife Federal
Aid programs and assisting the new Department
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The British Constitution Resettled ::Parliamentary Sovereignty Before and After Brexit /
No full text'Parliamentary sovereignty is much talked about but rarely defined. In this major study Jim McConalogue examines different meanings of parliamentary sovereignty in changing historical contexts, and explores how leaving the European Union might enable an older view of parliamentary sovereignty to be recovered. An important and timely intervention.' -Andrew Gamble, Professor of Politics, University of Sheffield, UK Adopting a political constitutionalist view of the British constitution, this book critically explores the history of legal and political thought on parliamentary sovereignty in the UK. It argues that EU membership strongly unsettled the historical precedents underpinning UK parliamentary sovereignty. Successive governments adopted practices which, although preserving fundamental legal rules, were at odds with past precedents. The author uses three key EU case studies - the financial transactions tax, freedom of movement of persons, and the working time directive - to illustrate that since 1973 the UK incorporated EU institutions which unsettled those precedents. The book further shows that the parliament's place since the referendum on Brexit in June 2016 and the scrutinising of the terms of the withdrawal agreement constitute an enhanced, new constitutional resettlement, and a realignment of parliament with the historical precedent of consent and its sovereignty Jim McConalogue is a former senior parliamentary advisor to an MP in the House of Commons
2020-2021 Center Court Speaker Series: A Different Way to Win
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[[alternative]]The Equality of Peer Interactions in Scientific Group Discussions :From the Perspective of Expectation States Theory
No full text[[abstract]]The purpose of the study was to analyze the equality of peer interactions in different kinds of group discussions from the perspective of expectation states theory(E.S.T.). The study began with a literature review from sociology, social psychology, cooperative learning, sociometry and discussed the possible situations in students' interacions which were applied into discussing the equality of interactions within group. Finally, the researcher tried to find the way improving the equality within group. Based on the discussions above, the researcher took two kinds of teaching approaches in the empirical study--the first was controlled teaching and peer discussions, the second was experimental teaching and peer discussions--and collected data in the forms of audio and video tape-recording. The findings of this study were summarized as follows:
1. The classroom structures of two classes were still stable after this study. And the correlation of the academic and the peer status had reached the level of significance. So, the influence to classroom structures through group activity was not salient.
2. There were inequalities in a natural, undisposed group discussions. It was to say that the high status students' performances were better than the low status students, and then proved the power and prestige order within group was very stable. So, it was accordant with the basic expectations assumptions. Based on the research findings, advanced suggestions about basic expectations assumptions in classroom were proposed.
3. The results of attempt of changing basic expectations assumptions in classroom through experimental teaching and peer discussions were: the inequalities still existed among students' interactions, and hence verified the proposition of the power and prestige order was difficult to change. But after this disposition, the performances of the medium and low status students had improved obviously in a lot of aspects than that in the controlled teaching and peer discussions. So, in the premiss of not harming the high status students' advantage, the experimental teaching and peer discussions were really feasible. Hence, based on the experimental teaching and peer discussions and basic expectations assumptions in classroom , an advanced suggestion was proposed.
4. The extents of improving equality by the task that stressed on single ability (experimental teaching and peer discussions) were limited, so it was important for improving equalities by developing multiple ability tasks and stressing on the multi-values in science classroom.
5. Unless the student's performances had obviously changed in different tasks, the target sociograms couldn't show the differences of the student's performance between these tasks. Because the sociograms couldn't describe the progress or regress of one student's performances in the different tasks.
6.Through the dialogue analysis could get lots of informations degenerated by quantity analysis. Besides, through the process of dialogue analysis could find many problems that quantity analysis couldn't. So, if we could lucubrated this kind of research method and applied it into the peer interactions, such as discourse analysis, it must have many
suggestions and implications for researcher and teacher. The results of students' dialogue analysis showed that the status played an important role for students' interaction in groups, it influenced students' participation rates, interests, and etc. Hence, it was very important to the practice of science education.
Finally, based on research findings of this study, further avenues of research in the field were discussed and suggested.
Block & Bridle Annual 1956-1957
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No full textRalph Ware of Oklahoma Kiowa addresses Indian General Assembly speaking of lack of support and services, his own educational experiences, and fear of confrontation during negotiations; Judge Pratt ruled on eviction. Ralph Ericson, U.S. Deputy Attorney proposes forced eviction by turning off water and lights; Dennis Banks, Vernon Bellecourt, Ralph Ware address African Americans in solidarity and Russel Means with Washington, D.C. Black Panther spokesman Jim Williams hold joint press conference to state Panther's support for the Trail of Broken Treaties demands; After-occupation summarized in a report by Shown; November 7 & 8 letters regarding prosecution for occupation read by legal advisor Hank Adams. Report on BIA document theft
[[alternative]]Optical and structural studies of La1-xSrxMnO3, La1.2(Sr1.8-xCax)Mn2O7, Li1+xTi2O4, and Gd5(Ge2-xFex)Si2
No full text[[abstract]]We present the optical and structural studies of manganites, lithium-based oxides, and magnetocaloric compounds. The optical reflectance spectra of single crystalline La1-xSrxMnO3 show that the Sr doping reduces the Jahn-Teller distortions. In addition, Raman-scattering measurements show that the crystal structure changes when Sr doping range is up to x = 0.15 at room temperature. Interestingly, we observe giant hardening of some of the infrared- and Raman-active phonon modes in La0.95Sr0.05MnO3 below TCA, which could be caused by spin-phonon coupling; we obtained extremely large spin-phonon coupling constants (6000 ~ 15000 cm-2).. In the case of double layered perovskite, La1.2(Sr1.8?xCax)Mn2O7, we observed that the internal stretching Raman phonon shows a hardening below TC. This hardening phenomenon is not associated with lattice anomalies, and can be well described by a polaron transport model. In addition, the phonon frequency hardening gradually vanishes with increasing the Ca doping level, showing the Ca doping changes the environment of MnO6 octahedral and reduces the double-exchange transport. For the superconducting Li1+xTi2O4 samples, the Raman-scattering spectra show no structure anomaly with decreasing temperature. The optical conductivity exhibits the mid-infrared absorption band around 2000 cm-1, which can be related to electron-electron correlation. Finally, the X-ray powder diffraction patterns of Gd5(Ge2-xFex)Si2 show clearly the structural transition from the orthorhombic to the monoclinic structure for the x = 0.05 sample and structural phases co-existence for the x = 0.20 sample above TC. By applying magnetic field, the monoclinic structure is suppressed but the orthorhombic structure is enhanced for both samples just above TC, which closely relates to the magnetization process. These results suggest that only a small amount of sample participates in phase transformation.
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