3,612 research outputs found
ADAM SMITH'S PESSIMISTIC VIEW OF THE FUTURE OF COMMERCIAL SOCIETY: RHETORIC OR REALITY?
No full textAdam Smith is generally viewed as a great optimist about commerce and commercialism. Consistent with this assessment is the conventional view that Smith believed in progress: he had an optimistic view of history. On the other hand, occasionally over the last thirty years commentators, such as Heilbroner, have suggested that Smith actually had a very pessimistic view of history and the prospects of commercial society. Can we explain Smith's apparent inconsistencies? One solution is that Smith "changed his mind" during his lifetime. Another suggestion, proposed by Muller, is that Heilbroner (and others holding similar views) failed to understand Smith's rhetoric. Muller is correct in suggesting that there is exaggeration in some of Smith's pessimistic statements. Nevertheless, Smith's vision has a darker tincture than Muller acknowledges: much of Smith's pessimism about commercial society remains a reality which cannot be neatly explained away as "rhetoric."International Relations/Trade,
Adam und Eva in der byzantinischen und abendländischen Kunst des Mittelalters
No full textThe pictorial art of the Church, as a spiritual product of the Christian civilisation, has continually received great influences from its ecclesiastical tradition and it was defined by its formal aesthetical standards and its iconographic preferences. A more nuanced reading of the parallels can be attained by placing the images in their visual context, which would allow a better appreciation of the meanings within. The biblical story of Adam and Eve, which is the theme of the following thesis, reflects the differentiation between the Eastern and the Western understanding of the events of the history of the holy Oikonomia, a point, which is the major ground for the development of the relative pictorial motifs. The protoplasts are the protagonists from their creation and life in paradise, the fall and expulsion until their resurrection through Christ. Their story is visualised in a number of scenes and episodes, having thus their original sin and resurrection for specific reasons centralised. This doctoral thesis attempts to collect as many parallels of the scenes is possible, trying to collate the Eastern with the Western visual approach in a deductive way, in order to reach our constructive conclusions and make available the combination of the art, theology and liturgy in the scenes of Adam and Eve in Genesis and in Resurrection (Anastasis). The reading we tried to perform was based upon the specific iconographical elements, which were worth to be commented. Our aim was to detect the direct bond between the production of art and the relevant patristic and apocryphal writings or even the theological theories, by quoting texts from the ecclesiastical literature, as well as the liturgical praxis.Die kirchliche Kunst hat als geistiges Produkt der christlichen Kultur stets unter dem Einfluss der kirchlichen Tradition gestanden und wurde durch ihre formalen ästhetischen Standards und ihre ikonographische Auswahl bestimmt. Eine genauere Bestimmung der Parallelen kann erreicht werden, indem man die Bilder in ihren visuellen Kontext stellt, was zu einem besserem Verständnis ihrer Inhalte führt. Die biblische Geschichte von Adam und Eva, welche das Thema unserer Arbeit ist, reflektiert das differenzierte Verständnis der Heilsgeschichte (Oikonomia) in Ost und West, welche die Hauptursache für die Entwicklung der entsprechenden Bildmotive ist. Die Stammeltern sind die Protagonisten dieser Geschichte seit der Schöpfung und dem Leben im Paradies, sowie Sündenfall und Vertreibung, bis zu ihrer Auferweckung durch Christus. Ihre Geschichte wird in einer Reihe von Szenen und Episoden visualisiert, wobei die Ursünde und die Auferstehung aus besonderen Gründen im Mittelpunkt stehen. Diese Dissertation versucht, so viele wie mögliche Gemeinsamkeiten der Darstellung herauszuarbeiten, um so in deduktiver Weise den visuellen Zugang des Ostens und des Westens in Beziehung zu setzen, um zu konstruktiven Ergebnissen zu kommen und eine Verbindung von Kunst, Theologie und Liturgie in den Darstellungen von Adam und Eva in der Genesis und der Anastasis, am Anfang und am Ende also, herzustellen. Unsere Untersuchung basiert auf den spezifischen ikonographischen Elementen, die wir kommentieren. Unser Ziel war es, die unmittelbare Verbindung zwischen der künstlerischen Darstellung und den entsprechenden patristischen oder apokryphen Schriften oder sogar den theologischen Theorien zu ermitteln, indem wir Texte aus der kirchlichen Literatur, aber auch aus der liturgischen Praxis heranzogen. Wir versuchten die Beteiligung der Stammeltern Adam und Eva im Genesis-Zyklus und der Anastasis-Szene in Beziehung zu setzen, deren Darstellungsnormen zur Gänze auf der Heilsverheissung Gottes basieren. So besteht unsere Dissertation aus zwei Teilen: Genesis und Anastasis (Abstieg in den Hades), sowie einem Anhang, welcher die Überschrift „Die Bildsprache der Geschichte der Stammeltern“ trägt, der Bibliographie und einer Liste der verwendeten Abbildungen
R. v. Ferguson and the Search for a Coherent Approach to Mandatory Minimum Sentences under Section 12
No full textSince the early days of the Charter, uncertainty prevailed about constitutional exemptions as a remedy for breaches of the section 12 guarantee against “cruel and unusual treatment or punishment”. It was unclear whether an offender could be exempted from the application of a mandatory minimum sentence that would produce an unconstitutional result in the unique circumstances of the case. The Supreme Court of Canada recently decided this issue, ruling in R. v. Ferguson that constitutional exemptions are unavailable under section 12. However, the author argues that uncertainty lingers in the wake of Ferguson because the Supreme Court failed to resolve the underlying issue, which is how to address sentencing provisions that operate constitutionally in most cases but have unconstitutional effects in rare cases. Viewed in its jurisprudential context, Ferguson suggests that section 12 provides little protection to individuals whose exceptional circumstances render the application of a mandatory minimum sentence cruel and unusual
When industry meets Education 4.0: What do Computer Science companies need from Higher Education?
No full textEducation 4.0 emphasises the development of skills and competences necessary in a modern workplace. In this paper, we explored what these Education 4.0 skills look like through exploring the opinions of industry professionals in the Computer Science (CS) sector. A series of focus groups involving CS companies from across Europe were used to identify the skills required and the current gaps in training for CS graduates. The two main gaps identified by companies were graduates' lack of soft skills and challenges to applying theoretical knowledge to different practical contexts. Strengths identified included good knowledge of programming and interacting with clients and customers on a technical level. Amongst the suggested ways for addressing these gaps were a close collaboration between industry and academia through company placements and opportunities for project-based learning in higher education
Adam Smith, Adam Ferguson and the division of labour
No full textAlthough some scholars have attempted to cast Adam Smith as a thinker deeply interested in politics and focused upon the importance of the role of legislators in human affairs, this paper suggests that Smith’s project is basically an exercise in anti-politics. Though he did, of course, reserve some limited functions for government in order to solve a number of otherwise intractable problems of collective action, on the whole, Smith regarded politicians and legislators as factious, interfering, self-interested and generally knavish; more likely to disrupt the system of natural liberty (and therefore the prosperity and harmony of the polity) than aid it. Though Smith did express strong political opinions on a number of specific issues (for example, the separation of church and state; the management of Scottish affairs; American independence and the use of standing armies) this paper suggests that readings of Smith as positively political are exaggerated.Lisa Hil
Misogyny, misandry, and misanthropy
No full textThese essays, originally comprising an issue of Representations , explore the relation between gender, eroticism, and violence through close analysis of a range of both high and popular cultural forms, from R. Howard Bloch on medieval theology to Carol Clover on contemporary slasher films. Does misogyny differ from misandry? Can author intention be separated from social context? Do good women counterbalance or reenforce the misogyny of negative examples? Is an obsession with women itself misogynistic? These questions are approached from various angles by Joel Fineman, Charles Bernheimer, Jacqueline Lichtenstein, Frances Ferguson, Naomi Schor and Gillian Brown. In sum, the authors detail not only the ways in which gender is represented, but also the changes to which representation subjects questions of sexual difference
Haemorrhagic kidney syndrome of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.
No full textThis report describes a new syndrome affecting farmed Atlantic salmon on the Canadian east coast that has resulted in increased morbidity and mortality in affected stocks. The major pathological findings are apparent only microscopically and include renal interstitial haemorrhage and acute tubular necrosis and tubular casting. As a result, the disease has become known as haemorrhagic kidney syndrome (HKS). Affected fish are lethargic and anorectic, and lark external lesions. Clinically, HKS fish are anaemic, hypoproteinaemic and hyperosmolalic, with increased serum concentrations of sodium and chloride. At necropsy, internal changes ranged from apparently normal to include one or several of the following: swelling and/or patchy reddening of the kidney, pale gills, exophthalmos, serosanguinous ascites, darkening of the posterior intestine and splenomegaly. Ultrastructurally, viral inclusions were found in the cytoplasm of erythrocytes of HKS fish, and there were unusual electron-dense inclusions within the tips of renal tubular microvilli of HKS fish. The significance and relevance of the ultrastructural findings to HKS are unknown. Virus isolation was attempted using CHSE, RTG-2, FH-10, BE and EPC cell lines; no virus was isolated. Bacteriological analysis failed to reveal significant pathogens. Analysis of tissues for heavy metals and pesticides was negative. Assays for clostridial toxins, lipopolysaccharide and verotoxins were negative. The aetiology of HKS remains unresolved.PT: J; CR: AHNE W, 1989, VIRUSES LOWER VERTEB, V3 ARMSTRONG R, 1993, CAN VET J, V34, P312 AUSTIN B, 1993, BACTERIAL FISH PATHO BOVO G, 1995, DIS AQUAT ORGAN, V21, P115 CONFER AW, 1995, THOMSONS SPECIAL VET, P209 DANNEVIG BH, 1995, J GEN VIROL, V76, P1353 EATON WD, 1993, J GEN VIROL, V74, P2299 EVENSEN O, 1991, RES VET SCI, V51, P215 FERGUSON HW, 1982, VET PATHOL, V19, P687 FOOTT JS, 1992, J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH, V4, P306 HETRICK FM, 1993, ANN REV FISH DIS, V3, P187 KIMURA T, 1986, DIS AQUAT ORGAN, V1, P209 KIMURA T, 1989, VIRUSES LOWER VERTEB, V3 KOSKI P, 1992, BULL EUR ASSN FISH P, V12, P177 LAMAS J, 1995, J FISH DIS, V18, P425 MEIER W, 1994, ANN REV FISH DIS, V4, P359 NOUGAYREDE P, 1992, B EUROPEAN ASS FISH, V12, P5 PINTO RA, 1992, J AQUATIC ANIMAL HLT, V4, P292 ROBERTS RJ, 1994, RECENT ADV AQUACULTU, V5 SANO T, 1995, AQUACULTURE, V132, P43 SMITH LS, 1975, MISCELLANEOUS SPECIA, V27 SPEILBERG L, 1995, VET PATHOL, V32, P466 THOESEN JC, 1994, BLUE BOOK SUGGESTED TISHER CC, 1989, RENAL PATHOLOGY CLIN, V1 WADDELL TE, 1996, INFECT IMMUN, V64, P1714 WOLF K, 1988, FISH VIRUSES FISH VI WOOD CM, 1995, PHYSL ECOLOGY PACIFI; NR: 27; TC: 29; J9: J FISH DISEASES; PG: 11; GA: 170XZSource type: Electronic(1
Author Correction: Results of the phase IIa RADICAL trial of the FGFR inhibitor AZD4547 in endocrine resistant breast cancer (Nature Communications, (2022), 13, 1, (3246), 10.1038/s41467-022-30666-0)
No full text\ua9 The Author(s) 2023.In the original version of this article, the following author (Veronica Ferguson) was omitted from the author list. Author list, Author contributions and competing interests statements have now been updated in both the PDF and HTML versions of the article
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