52 research outputs found
Two-Year Outcomes of the Enabling Mothers to Prevent Pediatric Obesity Through Web-Based Education and Reciprocal Determinism (EMPOWER) Randomized Control Trial
No full text Background. Childhood overweight and obesity is a public health epidemic with far-reaching medical, economic, and quality of life consequences. Brief, web-based interventions have received increased attention for their potential to combat childhood obesity. The purpose of our study was to evaluate a web-based, maternal-facilitated childhood obesity prevention intervention dubbed Enabling Mothers to Prevent Pediatric Obesity Through Web-Based Education and Reciprocal Determinism (EMPOWER), for its capacity to elicit sustained effects at the 2-year postintervention follow-up mark. Method. Two interventions were evaluated using a randomized controlled trial design. The experimental, EMPOWER arm received a social cognitive theory intervention ( n = 29) designed to improve four maternal-facilitated behaviors in children (fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, sugar-free beverage intake, screen time). The active control arm received a knowledge-based intervention dubbed Healthy Lifestyles ( n = 28), which also targeted the same four behaviors. Results. We identified a significant group-by-time interaction of small effect size for child fruit and vegetable consumption ( p = .033; Cohen’s f = 0.139) in the EMPOWER group. The construct of maternal-facilitated environment was positively associated to improvements in child fruit and vegetable behavior. We also found significant main effects for child physical activity ( p = .024; Cohen’s f = 0.124); sugar-free beverage intake ( p < .001; Cohen’s f = 0.321); and screen time ( p < .001; Cohen’s f = 0.303), suggesting both groups improved in these behaviors over time. Conclusions. The EMPOWER arm of the trial resulted in an overall increase of 1.680 daily cups of fruits and vegetables consumed by children, relative to the comparison group ( p < .001, 95% confidence interval = [1.113, 2.248]). Web-based maternal-facilitated interventions can induce sustained effects on child behaviors. </jats:p
Theory of Planned Behavior Based Predictors of Sleep Intentions and Behaviors in Undergraduate College Students at a Midwestern University
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Feasibility and Efficacy of the Enabling Mothers to Prevent Pediatric Obesity Through Web-Based Education and Reciprocal Determinism (EMPOWER) Randomized Control Trial
No full textTheory of Planned Behavior-Based Predictors of High-Intensity Drinking Behavior Among Undergraduate Students During College Home Football Games
No full textElectronic Thesis or DissertationEach year excessive alcohol use costs the United States (US) economy $250 billion and results in 95,000 deaths. Binge drinking is a form of excessive alcohol use and accounts for over 70% of these statistics. High-intensity drinking (HID), an extreme measure of binge drinking, is operationally defined as drinking twice the gender-specific binge drinking threshold; 8+ standard alcoholic drinks for women and 10+ standard alcoholic drinks for men throughout one drinking occasion. Undergraduate students have a higher prevalence of HID than other demographics which results in more negative alcohol related consequences. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) were associated with HID among undergraduate students throughout their Game Day experience. An online, theory of planned behavior-based instrument predicting HID was delivered to a cross-sectional convenience sample of undergraduate students attending a southeastern university that watched home college football games at various locations throughout the 2022-2023 football season. The instrument was operationalized by modifying previous items validated from two surveys that measured drinking in college students. A total of 444 individuals met the HID eligibility requirements. A majority were females (56.3%), white (92.6%), and had a mean age of 20.20 years old. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients revealed TPB relationships with behavioral intention for females (ATT: ρ = .646; SN: ρ = .300; PBC: ρ = .516) and males (ATT: ρ = .606; SN: ρ = .324; PBC: ρ = .205). Gender based multiple regression analyses revealed the female model (R2 = .48) explained more variance than males (R2 = .39). The three predictors regressed on BI resulted in ATT (β = .53, t = 9.70, p < .007) and PBC (β = 0.27, t = 5.19, p < .001) being significant for females and ATT (β = .60, t = 5.02, p < .001) for males. A common theme of excessive alcohol consumption utilizing TPB explaining 44% of the variance on intention was explored. Future researchers need to analyze the gender differences of undergraduate college students HID at celebratory events
Occupational sedentary behavior: application of the social ecological model
No full textElectronic Thesis or DissertationSedentary behavior is recognized as a significant public health problem. One of the primary domains to target sedentary behavior is in the workplace. Although research has called for the incorporation of an ecological perspective to investigate influences on occupational sedentary behavior, there are still numerous inconsistencies and gaps in the literature with regard to domain-specific ecological influences on sedentary behavior. The purpose of this study was to explore factors contributing to occupational sedentary behavior at multiple levels (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and institutional) using the social ecological model as a framework. The study utilized a quantitative, cross-sectional design through the administration of an online questionnaire. A convenience sample of 527 employed adults at a large Southeastern institution were recruited for this study. Occupational sedentary behavior among participants was 342.45 minutes (SD = 133.25). Significant differences in occupational sedentary behavior were observed by gender (p = .007), education level (p = .026), and employment classification (p = .006); where women, participants with a higher education, and professional staff reported significantly longer time spent in occupational sedentary behavior. Barrier self-efficacy ( = -.15, p = .001), local connectivity ( = -.10, p = .046), and overall connectivity ( = -.11, p = .018) emerged as significant predictors of occupational sedentary behavior (R2 = .058, F(3, 478) = 9.74, p < .001). Barrier self-efficacy (F[1, 457] = 8.51, p = .007, partial η2 = .016) and employment classification (F[2, 457] = 4.40, p = .013, partial η2 = .019) were significant predictors of occupational sedentary behavior. Findings from this study provide new information regarding the potential impact of psychosocial factors and workplace environmental configurations, such as barriers and connectivity, on employee sitting time during the workday and support the use of an ecological perspective to understand occupational sedentary behavior. Public health education researchers and practitioners should continue to explore ecological influences on occupational sedentary behavior and develop comprehensive interventions to address the negative health effects of occupational sedentary behavior
Examining The Effectiveness Of Interventions Designed To Increase Mammography Adherence Among African American Women
No full textThe objective of this paper was to assess and synthesize the key findings, conclusions, and recommendations of mammography interventions targeting African American women conducted between 1999 and 2010. Collection of materials for this study included searches of academic databases using the following inclusion criteria: 1) publication in the English language, 2) between 1999 and 2010, 3) conducted in the United States, 4) targeting African American women. Titles and abstracts of identified studies were evaluated independently by two researchers. A total of 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Interventions were categorized as either practice-based or community-based. Classifications were then sub-categorized based on the employment of targeted or tailored strategies. Culturally-appropriate tailored and targeted messages are an effective approach to increase screening mammography adherence. Community-wide interventions that employ lay health advisors were found to assist in offsetting issues related to trust and access. Interventions delivered in faith-based settings were effective mediums for increasing adherence to screening guidelines. Stepped-care interventions were an efficient, cost-effective method for increasing adherence among non-compliant populations. The majority of the identified studies relied upon theoretical frameworks to guide the intervention. Community-based interventions should progress from atheoretical to theory-based intervention frameworks
Investigating multiple layers of influence on sexual assault in a university setting
No full textElectronic Thesis or DissertationSexual assault is a major public issue on college campuses; approximately 20 to 50 percent of female and up to 31 percent of male college students report being sexually victimized while in college. To date, little research has been conducted in this area that investigates interactions between intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, community, and societal factors that influence campus sexual assault. The main purpose of this study was to examine interactions between different layers of influence on campus sexual assault. The present study utilized a quantitative, cross-sectional design (n=677) with online delivery of survey research. Overall, 191 (28.0 percent) participants reported being sexually assaulted since the beginning of their college career, and a total of 4.8 percent (32 participants) of the sample reported perpetration since the beginning of their college career. Prior victimization was the strongest predictor of both victimization (β=2.779; p<0.001; Odds ratio=16.100) and perpetration (β=2.551; p<0.001; Odds ratio=12.823) since the start of college. Further, those who received sexual assault prevention education had had better views of the institution than those who did not (F=5.702; p=0.001). Being a victim or perpetrator did not have an effect on institutional variables. Lastly, neither rape myth acceptance nor injunctive peer norms significantly moderated the relationship between binge drinking and perpetration since the start of college. This study has promising implications for future research as well as for public health education practitioners, college administrators, and health policy experts. Coordinated national, state, and local efforts are needed to change the climate in institutions of higher education that truly promote safe, healthy relationships and behaviors in college students
A systematic review of obesity interventions targeting anthropometric changes in youth with intellectual disabilities
No full textDue to the increased prevalence of obesity and disparity experienced by youth with intellectual disabilities, efforts to synthesize existing knowledge of interventions to attenuate obesity within this marginalized population is imperative. The purpose of this investigation is to systematically analyze interventions targeting anthropometric changes in youth with intellectual disabilities. A search of Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Educational Resources Information Center, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, and Psychological Information Database was conducted for the time frame of January 2006 to October 2016. Data extraction resulted in a total of 10 interventions that met inclusion criteria. Included studies mainly comprised participants having mild-to-moderate intellectual disability with diverse comorbidities. Five studies indicated significant positive outcomes in at least one anthropometric measure. The majority of programs utilized physical activity targeting individual-level change as the primary intervention modality. Weaknesses of the reviewed studies and inconclusive evidence indicate the need for additional research to gauge the effectiveness of interventions to treat obesity among youth with intellectual disabilities
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