101 research outputs found
Kinetics of interaction of the [Pd2Cl2(tppz)](2+) cation with guanine in aqueous DMSO, and solvatochromic properties of the complex in aqueous DMSO mixtures
No full textThe binuclear complex bis-(chloropalladium(II))-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine chloride, [Pd2Cl2(tppz)]Cl-2 has been synthesized and characterized. The complex shows solvatochromic behaviour in aqueous DMSO solvent mixtures. The kinetics of nucleophilic substitution of the complex by guanine is reported in 20% by volume aqueous DMSO. Only mono-substitution is observed, the dominant pathway being disscciative in nature. Temperature dependent studies give activation enthalpy and entropy values Delta H-double dagger=62.1 +/- 3.5 kJ mol(-1) and Delta S-double dagger=-67 +/- 10 J.K(-1)mol(-1). The reaction is completely suppressed in the presence of added chloride.PT: J; CR: ARANA CR, 1993, INORG CHEM, V32, P194 CLEARE MJ, 1974, COORDIN CHEM REV, V12, P349 GAMEIRO P, 2001, EUR J INORG CHEM NOV, P2755 GOODWIN HA, 1959, J AM CHEM SOC, V81, P6415 HAINES RI, 2000, INORG REACT MECH, V2, P223 HAMBLEY TW, 1997, COORDIN CHEM REV, V166, P181 LIPPERT B, 1999, CISPLATIN CHEM BIOCH LOWE G, 1999, J MED CHEM, V42, P999 NOVAKOVA O, 2005, CHEM BIOL, V12, P121 RICHTER MM, 1993, INORG CHEM, V32, P2827 SHERMAN SE, 1987, CHEM REV, V87, P1153 SUPPAN P, 1997, SOLVATOCHROMISM, CH3 TOBE ML, 1999, INORGANIC REACTION M, P74 VOGLER LM, 1993, INORG CHEM, V32, P898 VOGLER LM, 1996, INORG CHEM, V35, P818 WONG E, 1999, CHEM REV, V99, P2451 YAMADA Y, 2000, B CHEM SOC JPN, V73, P1843; NR: 17; TC: 0; J9: INORG REACT MECH; PG: 7; GA: 103FWSource type: Electronic(1
Feeding ecology and trophic impact of the hydroid Obelia dichotoma in the Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen, Arctic)
No full text12 pages, 4 figures, 4 tablesObelia dichotoma is a thecate hydroid with a worldwide distribution, occurring mainly on shallow water hard substrates. Since the trophic ecology of hydroids in polar waters is badly understood, the aim of the present work was to study qualitatively and quantitatively the diet of these organisms in an Arctic environment and to determine their trophic significance. For this purpose, the density of the hydroid population was documented, and simultaneously, zooplankton was sampled in two different years (1997 and 1998). Prey capture rates were estimated by analysing the gastrovascular content of the polyps in a diurnal cycle. Additionally, the digestion time of O. dichotoma was measured by laboratory feeding experiments using diatoms as food items. The analyses of the gastrovascular cavities of the polyps sampled during the diurnal cycles showed that O. dichotoma fed mainly on faecal pellets, organic matter and microalgae. Zooplankton prey was also observed, but gastrovascular contents and zooplankton abundance did not show any correlation in both years. The consumption rates of the hydroid populations differed between the 2 years. It was almost double (8.9 mg Carbon m−2) in 1998 compared to 1997 (5.5 mg Carbon m−2). The significance of the environmental variability in the feeding ecology and population dynamics of hydroids under Arctic conditions is discussedThe support of the scientific and technical staff of the Koldewey-Station, the members of the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) diving team and the Ny-A° lesund International Research and Monitoring Facility is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are due to the AWI for technical and financial support. The first author was financially supported by a Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD) fellowship (A/96/13073) and a European Commission fellowship from the programme Training and mobility of researchers (TMR-CT97-2813). S. Rossi was funded by a Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC-2007-01327). Special thanks to Prof. Dr. Wolf E. Arntz who supported enthusiastically the development of this work. We would like to dedicate this paper to the memory of our colleague Francesc Page`s, great cnidarian researcher and best friendPeer reviewe
Prevalence of population: An age-decomposition of binge drinking in the United States, 1991-2006
No full textOxford Studies in Political Philosophy Volume 4
No full textThis is the fourth volume of the continuing series, Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy. We collect here new and refereed work by leaders in the field. Authors in this volume are Zofia Stemplowska and Adam Swift, Thomas Sinclair, Allen Buchanan, Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen, Zoltan Miklosi, Ralf M. Bader, Alex Voorhoeve, and Alex Zakaras. The chapters are grouped into three categories: Legitimacy, Egalitarianism, and Liberty and Coercion. They address such various themes as the interaction of justice, equality, and political legitimacy; difficulties in the Kantian account of the state and proposals for removing them; institutional legitimacy reevaluated; luck egalitarianism; relational egalitarianism; the nature of liberty; mandatory health insurance and at what level it might best benefit a population; and the issue of citizens’ complicity in their government’s immoral actions with an analysis of various levels of such possible complicity.</p
Race/ethnicity modifies the association between school prevalence of e-cigarette use and student-level use: Results from the 2014 US National Youth Tobacco Survey
No full textParent–child relationships in Latinx families: The role of immigrant concentration, residential stability, and generational status
No full textComparing hazardous drinkers to dependent drinkers: Results from the Greater Milwaukee Survey
No full textMeasuring the Size of the Informal Economy: A Critical Review
No full textThere has been a burgeoning number of studies attempting to measure the size of the ‘black’ economy. These are based on a variety of methodologies and provide a range of estimates, not just across countries but also within the same countries and often by the same author(s). This raises a number of issues: What is meant by the term ‘black’ economy? Is it an appropriate description? What, if any, is the theory underlying the estimates of informal economic activity? This paper examines these and other issues, and concludes that whilst the existence of what we prefer to call the ‘informal’ or ‘grey’ economy in most countries is incontrovertible, there is a lack of consensus on the appropriate methodology for estimating its size. More importantly, the large number of studies so far are simply exercises in measurement without theory, though we are sceptical that even with strong theoretical underpinnings it is possible to provide accurate estimates of a complicated web of informal activities.Informal, grey and black economy, tax evasion, criminal activities
Adult and Child Food Insecurity Among Homeless and Precariously-Housed Families at the Close of the Twentieth Century
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