96 research outputs found
Ability of magnetic resonance imaging to accurately determine alar ligament integrity in patients with atlanto-occipital injuries
No full textObjective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the the reliability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing alar ligament disruption in patients with potential atlanto-occipital dissociation (AOD).
Materials and Methods: Three-blinded readers performed retrospective review on 6 patients with intra-operative confirmed atlanto-occipital dissocation in addition to a comparison cohort of patients with other cervical injuries that did not involve the atlanto-occipital articulation. Ligament integrity was graded from 1 to 3 as described by Krakenes et al. The right and left ligaments were assessed separately. Inter-observer agreement by patient, by group (AOD vs. non-AOD), and intra-observer agreement was calculated using weighted Cohen's kappa.
Results: Interobserver agreement of alar ligament grade for individual patients ranged from slight to fair (κ = 0.05–0.30). Interobserver agreement of alar ligament grade for each group (AOD vs. non-AOD) ranged from fair to substantial (κ = 0.37–0.66). No statistically significant difference in categorical analysis of groups (AOD vs. non-AOD) and grade (0–1 vs. 2–3) was observed. Intraobserver agreement of individual patient's alar ligament grade ranged from moderate to substantial (κ = 0.50–0.62).
Conclusion: The use of MRI to detect upper cervical ligament injuries in AOD is imperfect. Our results show inconsistent and unsatisfactory interobserver and intraobserver reliability in evaluation of alar ligament injuries. While MRI has immense potential for detection of ligamentous injury at the craniovertebral junction, standardized algorithms for its use and interpretation need to be developed
Women as the Reflection of Class Struggles in the "Two Women` Poem by an Anonymous Chilean Author
No full textMotor performance of preschool children
No full textSłonka Karina, Dyas Manuela, Słonka Tadeusz, Szurmik Tomasz. Motor performance of preschool children. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(8):1308-1323. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1045272
http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5028
https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/836989
The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017).
1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7
© The Authors 2017;
This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland
Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial
use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
Received: 05.08.2017. Revised: 12.08.2017. Accepted: 31.08.2017.
Motor performance of preschool children
Sprawność motoryczna dzieci przedszkolnych
Karina Słonka 1, Manuela Dyas 2, Tadeusz Słonka 1, Tomasz Szurmik 3
1Wydział Wychowania Fizycznego i Fizjoterapii, Politechnika Opolska , Polska
2Studenckie Koło Naukowe Akton, Wydział Wychowania Fizycznego i Fizjoterapii,
Politechnika Opolska, Polska
3 Uniwersytet Śląski Wydział Etnologii i Nauk o Edukacji w Cieszynie
1 Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Poland
2Akton Student Scientific Circle, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole, University of Technology, Poland
3University of Silesia, Faculty of Ethnology and Educational Science in Cieszyn
Słowa kluczowe: sprawność motoryczna, dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym, test Sekity
Keywords: motor performance, preschool children, the Sekita test
Adres do korespondencji
Słonka Karina
Katedra Podstaw Fizjoterapii
ul. Prószkowska 76
45-758 Opole
[email protected]
tel. 609405781
Streszczenie
Wprowadzenie: Okres przedszkolny to czas intensywnego rozwoju dziecka, podczas którego kształtuje się postawa ciała, nawyki oraz pamięć ruchowa. Fizjologiczną potrzebą dziecka jest ruch. Aktywność ruchowa wspiera nie tylko rozwój fizyczny, ale także psychiczny, intelektualny i społeczny.
Cel: Celem pracy jest ocena sprawności motorycznej u dzieci przedszkolnych z miasta Opole i Gminy Dobrzeń Wielki.
Materiał i metoda: Badaniami objęto grupę 228 dzieci w wieku 5 i 6 lat. Zastosowaną metodą badawczą był wrocławski test sprawności motorycznej dla dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym. Badania przeprowadzono w ramach organizowanej na Politechnice Opolskiej cyklicznej spartakiady przedszkolaka.
Wyniki: Analiza wyników badań wykazała, że wraz z wiekiem następuje systematyczna poprawa uzyskiwanych wyników w każdej próbie sprawnościowej, jednakże w przeliczeniu na punkty, profil sprawności motorycznej dzieci przedszkolnych jest niezadowalający. Porównując wyniki uzyskane w poszczególnych próbach sprawnościowych do norm, stwierdzono wraz z wiekiem dzieci spadek poziomu zdolności motorycznych.
Porównanie wyników badań własnych do wyników badań przeprowadzonych w latach 80 stwierdzono, że poziom zdolności motorycznych dzieci wiejskich uległ poprawie. Badane 5 – latki wykazywały wyższy poziom sprawności niż ich rówieśnicy badani w latach 80 .
Słowa kluczowe: sprawność motoryczna, dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym, test Sekity
Summary
Introduction: Pre‑school age is a period of intensive development when children shape their posture, habits and motor memory. Movement is child's physiological need. Motive activity supports not only physical development, but also psychical, intellectual and social.
Aim: The aim of the study is to assess motor ability in preschool children from the city of Opole and District Dobrzeń Wielki.
Materials and methods: The research involved 228 children, aged 5 and 6. The method used in the study, was Wroclaw motor performance test for preschool children. Test was conducted within the framework of Kindergartner’s Spartakiad organized cyclic by the Technical University of Opole.
Results: Analysis of the outcomes has proven, that with the age there is a systematic improvement of the results in each fitness trial, however, calculated on the points, level motor performance of preschool children is unsatisfactory. Comparing the results obtained in individual tests of fitness to the norms, showing a decrease in the level of motor skills with children’s age.
Comparing of the results with the research carried in the 1980s led us to conclusion that the level of motor skills of rural children has improved. Examined 5 - years-old showed a higher level of motor performance than examined their peers in the 1980s
Geography of Development of Eastern Europe
No full textThe aim of this senior project is to evaluate the long-standing effects the geography of development has had on Eastern Europe since the 1900s onward. The analysis concentrates on Poland, Croatia, and Ukraine thoroughly examining the political, cultural, and geographic nature that has affected the history and development of these countries. The author outlines theories of development and how they are applicable to Eastern Europe’s continuing development. The focus of this paper is on the influence of socialism and communism, as well as the affect the European Union has had, and continues to have on Eastern Europe as a whole. The transition into democracy and capitalism will also be addressed within each case study in reference to both concepts’ affect on development and civil society. While political history is referenced from the early 1900s, a large majority of the research will be based upon findings and events that have transpired in the past twenty years
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI PENDAFTARAN SISWA BARU BERBASIS WEB PADA SMK MA’ARIF JAKARTA
No full textCurrently science and technology are progressing very rapidly, the development of science and technology makes humans to be able to relate to each other and get information quickly, precisely and without limits. The purpose of this Thesis Report is to provide alternatives and solutions to support work effectiveness, presenting information quickly and efficiently in the process of registering new students. The collection method in this study used observation and interview methods. Based on the observation stage previously carried out, the author decided to use the SWOT analysis method in this study to identify or evaluate observation activities. From the analysis and observations made, it can be seen that the PPDB process of SMK Ma'arif Jakarta is still manual and has not been computerized. Therefore, the author proposes by designing a website-based student registration information system. For the creation of supporting programs designed using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) method, namely designing flowcharts, use case diagrams, activity diagrams, sequence diagrams, class diagrams, and entity relationshop diagrams, then the author makes them with the laravel framework. Systems that have been analyzed and built can improve and facilitate the registration committee of new students in accessing data more quickly and accurately.Keywords: New Student Registration, Information System, SMK Ma'arif Jakarta, Interactive Websites, UML, RAPID
Recommended from our members
The EDGE-CALIFA survey: Variations in the molecular gas depletion time in local galaxies
No full textWe present results from the EDGE survey, a spatially resolved CO(1-0) follow-up to CALIFA, an optical Integral Field Unit survey of local galaxies. By combining the data products of EDGE and CALIFA, we study the variation in molecular gas depletion time (τdep) on kiloparsec scales in 52 galaxies. We divide each galaxy into two parts: The center, defined as the region within 0.1 R25, and the disk, defined as the region between 0.1 and 0.7 R25. We find that 14 galaxies show a shorter τdep (∼1 Gyr) in the center relative to that in the disk (τdep ∼ 2.4 Gyr), which means the central region in those galaxies is more efficient at forming stars per unit molecular gas mass. This finding implies that the centers with shorter τdep resemble the intermediate regime between galactic disks and starburst galaxies. Furthermore, the central drop in τdep is correlated with a central increase in the stellar surface density, suggesting that a shorter τdep is associated with molecular gas compression by the stellar gravitational potential. We argue that varying the CO-To-H2 conversion factor only exaggerates the central drop of τdep.Fil: Utomo, Dyas. University of California at Berkeley; Estados UnidosFil: Bolatto, Alberto. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Wong, Tony. University of Illinois at Urbana; Estados UnidosFil: Ostriker, Eve C.. University of Princeton; Estados UnidosFil: Blitz, Leo. University of California at Berkeley; Estados UnidosFil: Sanchez, Sebastian F.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Colombo, Dario. Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy; AlemaniaFil: Leroy, Adam K.. Ohio State University; Estados UnidosFil: Cao, Yixian. University of Illinois at Urbana; Estados UnidosFil: Dannerbauer, Helmut. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; EspañaFil: Garcia Benito, Ruben. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; EspañaFil: Husemann, Bernd. Max Planck Institute für Astronomie; AlemaniaFil: Kalinova, Veselina. Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy; AlemaniaFil: Levy, Rebecca C.. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Mast, Damian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Rosolowsky, Erik. University of Alberta; CanadáFil: Vogel, Stuart N.. University of Maryland; Estados Unido
超生体染色色素の固定に関する研究 第1編 沃度カリ水銀溶液と各種アニリン及びアゾ色素（特に超生体染色色素）との反応に就て
No full textFor the purpose of establishing a method of fixing the dyes used in supravital staining of cells, the author observed the precipitation reactions of several dyes, neutral red, Janus green B, Nile blue, etc. with the Nessler's reagent, by which those dyes having amino-, monomethylamino or dimethylaminogroups can be precipitated forming the water insoluble complexes. The reaction proved to have no relation with the oxidation or reduction of dyes, which often causes the change in the color of dyas, showing that the insoluble precipitates have the original color of dyes, and the colored dye forms the same colored precipitate, the reduced noncolored dye a white precipitate. The organic solvents such as alcohol, aceton etc. dissolve this complexes, and therefore, it is suggested that their reaction can be applicable for the fixation of the supravitally stained dyes with exception of the organic solvents in the course of the following dehydrating processes for the observation
Plato's theory of ideas in Parmenides und Sophistes
No full textI.Einführung...................................................................................................1
I.1
Grundsetzung............................................................................................1
I.2 Auf der Suche nach dem HEN: Die Vorgeschichte der Platonischen
Ideenlehre.4 I.3 Parmenides und Sophistes als Vorankündigung der
ungeschriebenen Lehre...17 . II. Parmenides und der Anfang des
Seinsproblems...........................................29 II.1 Parmenides
Ontologie..............................................................................29
II.2 Das Problem vom
HEN.............................................................................30
II.3 Die Bedeutungen des EON
.......................................................................37 II.4
Die Identität vom Sein und
Denken...........................................................38 II.5 Das
Problem vom
Sein.............................................................................45
II.6 Weltvergessenheit der
Metaphysik.............................................................49 II.7
EON und
HEN...........................................................................................53
II.8 ON kath’Auto und ON kata
Symbebekos...................................................55 II.9 Dinge als
Wegmarken...............................................................................56
II.10 Schauplatz des
EON................................................................................63
III. Platons Henologie:
Parmenides...................................................................72
III.1 Der Anfang der Aporie (127e-
129d)...........................................................76 III.2 Das
Problem des Chorismos
(130b-d).........................................................82 III.3 Das
Dao ist im Kot und Urin (道在屎溺)
(131a-b)..........................................83 III.4 Das Problem der
Teilhabe
(131a-b)............................................................87 III.5
Tagesgleichnis und Segeltuchgleichnis
(131b3-10).......................................91 III.6 Der in
hunderttausend Flüssen widergespiegelte Mond (月映萬川): Das Eine über Viele (HEN
epi
Pollon)..................................................................96
III.7 The Third Man Argument (TMA)
(132a2-b3).................................................101 III.8 Peri
Ideon des
Aristoteles..........................................................................103
III.9 Vlastos und das
TMA.................................................................................106
III.10 Das TMA II
(132d1-133a6).......................................................................112
III.11 Die größte Aporie
(133b8-134e8)..............................................................122
IV. Die dialektischen Übungen: Die Dialektik des Einen und
Vielen.........................127 IV.1 Position I: Das negativ konzipierte
Eine (137c-142a)......................................140 IV.2 Der negative
Kritizismus..............................................................................157
IV.3 Die Ungeschriebene Lehre: Die Prinzipien von HEN und AORISTOS DYAS. 164
IV.4 HEN und AORISTOS DYAS als
ARCHE:Idealzahlenlehre...........................168 IV.5 HEN als einendes
formales Prinzip: EPEKEINA Tes OUSIAS......................180 IV.6 Der
Neuplatonismus als Phänomenologie des
HEN...................................188 IV.7 AORISTOS DYAS als vielendes
quantitatives Prinzip: Gegensatzpaare.......195 IV.8 Die ungeschriebene Lehre
als die Platonische Genealogie.........................201 IV.9 Der dritte
Weg.....................................................................................205
IV.10 Position II: Das positiv konzipierte Eine (142b-
155e)....................................208 IV.11 Anhang der Position II:
EXAIPHNES als Übergang (156a-157e)......................223 IV.12 Position
III: Die systematische zentrale Schlüsselposition: GENESIS Eis OUSIAN als die
Genealogie Platons (157b5-160b4)...................................227 IV.13
Position IV
(159b3-160b4)..........................................................................241
IV.14 Position V (160b4-163b6): Auftritt des Me
HEN.............................................243 IV.15 Position VI
(163b7-164b4)..........................................................................246
IV.16 Position VII
(164b5-165e2).........................................................................247
IV.17 Position VIII
(165e3-166c8)........................................................................249
V. Platons Ontologie:
Sophistes....................................................................252
V.1 Dihairesis (219c-
236a)................................................................258 V.2
Der Einfluss der
Atomisten......................................................................266
V.3 Das Problem des Nichtseienden (237a-
241a)...................................................275 V.4 Die
Verlegenheit vom Seienden (241d-
246a)...................................................279 V.5 Gigantomachie
(246b-
247d)...........................................................................296
V.6 Die Dynamistheorie des Seienden
(247e253a).................................................298 V.7 Die bewegte
OUSIA................................................................................309
V.8 Dialektik als der Weg zur Erleuchtung (253b-
254c)....................................314 V.9 Die MEGISTA GENE Lehre
254d4-259e7....................................................324 V.10 Das
Problem des ON, EINAI, und
OUSIA.................................................332 V.11 Platons
Gebrauch von ON, To ON Auto, EINAI undOUSIA..........................339 V.12
Die Relationen des Seienden: Auta kath’ Hauta und Pros
Alla..................344 V.13 OUSIA als die größte Gattung der MEGISTA
GENE....................................348 V.14 Weshalb ist To Me ON nicht
Teil der fünf MEGISTA GENE? (257b-260d).......358 V.15 HEN und
ON..........................................................................................361
V.16 Prolegomena zur Platonischen Logik
(251d263d)......................................367 V.17 DIHAIRSIS-SYMPLOKE-
KOINONIA..........................................................370
VI.Schlussworte..................................................................................................377
VI.1 Henologie als Antwort auf
Seinsvergessenheit.................................................383 VI.2
Platons Genealogie als Wiederaufnahme von Raum-ZeitBewegung................386
Literatur.............................................................................................................390Heidegger sagt am Anfang seines Buches Der Satz vom Grund: „Der Satz vom Grund
lautet: Nihil est sine ratione. Man übersetzt: Nichts ist ohne Grund.“ Das ist
der Ausgangspunkt der Forschung: Die Grundsetzung von Parmenides und Platon zu
untersuchen, um dann einen Vergleich der Grundsetzung von beiden zu ziehen. Im
Kapitel II werden hauptsächlich das Problem vom Sein, sowie die Beziehung
zwischen Dingen und Sein bei Parmenides diskutiert. Der Verfasser stimmt mit
dem Argument Finks überein, dass die Sinneswelt nicht trügerisch ist. Was
trügerisch ist, ist der Wahn des Mnschen. Im Kap. III wird der ersten Teil des
Parmenides behandelt. Das zentrale Thema dieses Teils ist das Problem vom
Chorismos. Das Chorismosproblem ist der Anfang Platons Selbstkritik in seiner
späten Zeit. Der locus classicus des Chorismos steht auf 130b1-5. Der
Schwerpunkt dieser Dissertation liegt im Kap. IV über den zweiten Teil des
Parmenides. Das schwierigste Problem liegt an der Interpretation über die 1.
Position. Drei verschiedene Interpretationsrichtungen werden herausgestellt,
nämlich: 1. Der negative Kritizismus, 2. Der Neuplatonismus, 3. Der dritte
Weg. Der negative Kritizismus hält die Metaphysik für ungültig und deshalb die
1. Position als falsch oder nicht von Belang bewertet. Der Neuplatonismus
dagegen hält ihn für den Höhpunkt der Platonischen Metaphysik, im Sinne von
der Erhabenheit des HEN, und schätzt ihn sehr hoch. Der dritte Weg der
Interpretation muss demnach sowohl die transzendenten Ideen jenseits als auch
die Dinge diesseits (gemeint sind Entstehen und Vergehen) zugleich
rechtfertigen können. HEN und AORISTOS DYAS dienen in Platons Metaphysik als
ARCHE. HEN ist die ARCHE von allem, AORISTOS DYAS inclusiv. AORISTOS DYAS ist
die ARCHE von den Sinnesdingen. Platons Seinswelt hat eine Figur wie Pyramide.
Auf deren Spitze steht das HEN, welches das eigentliche Prinzip ist. Durch die
AORISTOS DYAS kann das Alle entstehen. Der Verfasser bezeichnet den Prozess
dafür, dass das ἕν von seiner jenseits liegenden Absolutheit (EPEKEINA tes
OUSIAS) bis zu seiner Erscheinung in der Welt als Phänomenologie des HEN. Der
Sophistes handelt das Problem von Seienden unter der Einbeziehung von MEGISTA
GENE und SYMPLOKE ton EIDON, um die Entstehungsprozess (GENESIS eis OUSIAN) zu
beschrieben. Beide Dialoge bilden zusammen die Genealogie Platons. Die
Einführung der MEGISTA GENE und SYMPLOKE ton EIDON ist eine Darstellung der
Funktionsweise von AORISTOS DYAS. Das ist der Grund dafür, dass diese
Dissertation die beiden Dialoge abhandelt. Parmenides Entschlossenheit, dass
das EON ist, erinnert an Heideggers Spruch: Wir müssen kennen; Wir werden
kennen. Nur mit solcher Entschlossenheit kann das ON (bei Parmenides und
Heidegger) bzw. das HEN (bei Platon) erkannt werden. Parmenides offenbart das
Sein auf anschauliche Weise; Platon verweist auf das HEN auf dialektische und
zugleich einheitliche Weise. Das Erkennen ist möglich, so weit das Sein ist,
und es ist tatsächlich, weil das HEN stets ist.Heidegger says on the beginning of his book: The Rule of the Ground: The Rule
of the Ground is: Nihil est sine ratione. We translate: Nothing is without
Ground. This is the starting point of the reseaerch: To reseaerch the setting
of the Ground by Parmenides and Plato, then to compare the setting of the
Ground by both. In the chapter II, the problem of the Being and the relation
between things and Being by Parmenides will be discussed. The author agree
with the viewpoint by Fink that, the sense world is not false. What false is,
is the illusion of the human beings. In the chapter III, the first part of the
Parmenides will be discussed. The central theme of this part is the problem of
Chorismos. This problem is the beginning of Plato’s critique on himself in his
later life. The locus classicus of Chorismos stands on 130b1-5. The key point
of this dissertation is in the chapter IV on the second part of the
Parmenides. The most difficult problem lies on the interpretation for the 1.
Position. Three different directions of the interpretation will be selected:
1. The negativ criticism, 2. The Neoplatonism, 3. The third road. The negativ
criticism takes the metaphysics as invalid. Therefore, it evaluates the 1.
Position as false or minor important. The Neoplatonism takes it as the climax
of the platonic metaphysics, in the meaning of the Transcendence of HEN, and
evaluates it very high. The third road of the interpretation must at the same
time confirm the transcendent ideas on the side beyond, and the things on this
side (generation and decay). HEN and AORISTOS DYAS are the ARCHE in Plato’s
metaphysics. HEN is ARCHE of all, including AORISTOS DYAS. AORISTOS DYAS is
the ARCHE of the sensible things. Plato’s world of Being has a figure like
pyramide. On the top of it stands the HEN, which is the real princip. Through
the AORISTOS DYAS all can be generated. The author describes the process, in
which the HEN from his absolute status on the side beyond (EPEKEINA tes
OUSIAS) to his showing up in this world as phaenomenology of HEN. The
Sophistes handles the problem of Being under the involving of MEGISTA GENE and
SYMPLOKE ton EIDON, in order to describe the process of generation (GENESIS
eis OUSIAN). The both dialogues together build the genealogy of Plato. The
introduction of MEGISTA GENE and SYMPLOKE ton EIDON is the demonstration of
the modes of function by AORISTOS DYAS. This is why this dissertation handles
the both dialogues. Parmenides decision, the EON is, remembers on Heidegger’s
idiom: We must know, we will know. Only with such decision can the ON (by
Parmenides and Heidegger) and HEN (by Plato) be known. Parmenides enlightens
the Being in the mode of looking; Plato shows the HEN with dialectical and at
the same time unified method. The knowing is possible, so far the Being is,
and it is indeed, because the HEN always is
THE ROLE OF THE SECRETARY IN ARRANGING THE OFFICIAL TRAVEL AGENDA FOR THE LEADER OF BINA ARTHA SEKURITAS COMPANY, JAKARTA
No full textThis research discusses the role of the Secretary in arranging the official travel agenda for the leader of Bina Artha Sekuritas company, Jakarta. The purpose of this research is to know the role of the Secretary at Bina Artha Sekuritas company and the obstacles experienced during arranging official travel for the leadership. Interviews, observations & literature research are used in this report as the method of writing the Final Project. Based on the data, there are two obstacles faced by the secretary: difficulty in asking for signatures and delays in disbursing travel funds for the leader. The author suggests that the secretary must prepare a schedule (travel list) for a leader, must know the schedule of the Executive Vice President, and always be ready to request the signature of the Executive Vice President, to anticipate when there is a sudden schedule before the day of the leader's official trip.
Keywords: secretary role, business travel agenda for the leade
Open access monographs and the role of the library
No full textThis article discusses the thoughts of a humanities researcher in relation to open access (OA) publishing. If OA books are to succeed, they need to operate in a way that works for academic libraries. Humanities researchers rely upon libraries to help them find and access many of the books they need for their research. Furthermore, many business models require direct input from librarians in the form of funding for first-copy costs or alternative formats. This article uses interviews with librarians and repository managers at four UK universities to consider some key issues for OA monographs from the point of view of librarians, and concludes with a reflection on these findings from the point of view of the University of Huddersfield’s Library
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