16,919 research outputs found
Marine protection dividend
No full textAs the NSW government considers marine management reforms, this report finds that marine parks already provide significant economic benefits, but it is too early to judge their environmental effectiveness.This short paper presents compelling evidence that: NSW marine parks are already delivering clear and demonstrable economic benefits for local communities and businesses.The protected areas must be allowed to exist for a minimum of 15 years before they can be judged as to their effectiveness.Community support for marine parks and the sanctuary zones within them, is very high around the more established reserves. NSW marine parks are all relatively young. The oldest NSW marine parks are barely 11 years old and the youngest only six. In ecological terms, these parks are still in their infancy. Yet marine parks are already providing economic dividends to local communities, by attracting significant tourism. The establishment of the Solitary Island Marine Park, for example, saw a 20% increase in local business’s turnover in the first five years. Jervis Bay Marine Park has brought an estimated $2.4 million into the region through marine tourism. “Marine parks have become essential infrastructure for regional economies. As long as investment in the parks is maintained, benefits will continue to increase over years and even decades,” said report author Caroline Hoisington. Recreational and commercial fishing also benefit from marine parks, particularly sanctuary zones, where fishing is restricted. European studies have shown that for each year a sanctuary zone is in place, the number and/or size of commercially valuable fish increased by 8 per cent compared to surrounding fished areas. Benefits flow when these fish spill over into surrounding areas. “Local community support for sanctuary zones is 80 per cent or higher, in the three marine parks where opinions have been surveyed”, Caroline said. “The numbers are no different for recreational fishers.” Recreational fishing may also see bigger and better catches immediately, as competition from commercial fishing is reduced. However, sustainable fish stock management must also take account of recreational fishing, which makes up as much as 90 per cent of the catch for some NSW species. The report recommends the NSW Government set 15 years after zoning as the earliest point for making judgments about the impacts and environmental effectiveness of marine parks. Improvements in biodiversity, biomass and resilience of fish species will continue to take place after this time. The first fifteen years is not the end of benefits from marine parks, but is just enough time to show big changes. By contrast, decisions based on short-term assessments risk being driven by emotional reactions, rather than taking a balanced view based on evidence of the dividends that will continue to flow from marine parks
Marine Mammals and Megafauna in Irish Waters - Behaviour, Distribution and Habitat Use- WP3 Biotelemetry of Marine Megafauna in Irish Waters
No full text*Work Package Leader: Simon Berrow, Irish Whale and Dolphin Group
*Project Partners: Galway Mayo Institute of Technology
*Author(s): Berrow, S.D. and O’Connor, I.
*Project Duration: 01 February 2008 to 31August 2011Biotelemetry is the transmission of information from biological organisms through the atmosphere by radio waves. It encompasses a wide range of devices that can record environmental variables while attached to an animal, such as depth, salinity and temperature, while permitting the recording and transmitting of the position of an animal, commonly referred to as tracking. A review of biotelemetry, with reference to relevant species in Ireland, is presented. Although a number of marine species have been tagged and tracked in Ireland, these studies were generally of short duration or involved small numbers of individuals. However, these studies have shown that tracking marine megafauna in Ireland can be successful and that there is great potential for biotelemetry.This project (Grant-Aid Agreement No. PBA/ME/07/005(02)) was carried out under the
Sea Change Strategy with the support of the Marine Institute and the Marine Research
Sub-Programme of the National Development Plan 2007–2013, and through funding
from the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.Funder: Marine Institut
Marine Mammals and Megafauna in Irish Waters - Behaviour, Distribution and Habitat Use- WP 2: Developing Acoustic Monitoring Techniques
No full text*Lead Partner: Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology
*Project Partners: Irish Whale and Dolphin Group
*Author(s): O’Brien, J., Beck, S., Wall, D. and Pierini, A.
*Contributors: Joanne O’Brien, Suzanne Beck, Dave Wall, Sophie Hansen, Alessandro
Pierini, Simon Berrow, Barry McGovern, Ian O’Connor and Dave
McGrath.
*Project Duration: 01 February 2008 to 31 August 2011All cetaceans and their habitats are protected under Irish and international law. The research termed Marine Mammals and Megafauna in Irish Waters – behaviour, distribution and habitat use was delivered under six Work Packages. Cetacean line transect surveys were conducted under Work Package 1 with the following goals:
1. Providing a baseline cetacean distribution and relative abundance data set for the Irish EEZ;
2. Filling spatial and temporal gaps identified in cetacean survey effort within the EEZ;
3. Preparing an Atlas of cetacean distribution and relative abundance for Irish waters;
4. Assessing the temporal use of marine habitats by cetaceans in Irish waters.This project (Grant Aid Agreement No. PBA/ME/07/005(02)) was carried out under the
Sea Change Strategy with the support of the Marine Institute and the Marine Research
Sub-Programme of the National Development Plan 2007–2013, and through funding
from the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.Funder: Marine Institut
Marine Mammals and Megafauna in Irish Waters - Behaviour, Distribution and Habitat Use- WP4 Research into Ecosystem Links and Habitat Use between Cetaceans and Fisheries in the Celtic Sea
No full text*WP Leader: Dr Ian O’Connor, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology
*Project Partners: Irish Whale and Dolphin Group
*Author(s): Hillary Healy, Cóilín Minto, Dave Wall, Ciarán O Donnell and Ian
O’Connor
*Project Duration: 01 February 2008 to 31 August 2011Visual line transect survey data for cetaceans were simultaneously collected during synoptic acoustic sampling surveys of small schooling pelagic fish, i.e. herring (Clupea harengus) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in the Celtic Sea, off the south coast of Ireland, from 2004 to 2009. These data were used to investigate the interactions of cetaceans with biological and environmental variables in the survey area. Geographic information systems and generalized linear and generalized additive models were used in this study.This project (Grant-Aid Agreement No.PBA/ME/07/005(02)) was carried out under the
Sea Change Strategy with the support of the Marine Institute and the Marine Research
Sub-Programme of the National Development Plan 2007–2013, and through funding
from the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht.Funder: Marine Institut
Need for monitoring and maintaining sustainable marine ecosystem services
No full textAbstract
Increases in human population and their resource use have drastically intensified pressures on marine ecosystem services. The oceans have partly managed to buffer these multiple pressures, but every single area of the oceans is now affected to some degree by human activities. Chemical properties, biogeochemical cycles and food-webs have been altered with consequences for all marine living organisms. Knowledge on these pressures and associated responses mainly originate from analyses of a few long-term monitoring time series as well as spatially scattered data from various sources. Although the interpretation of these data can be improved by models, there is still a fundamental lack of information and knowledge if scientists are to predict more accurately the effects of human activities. Scientists provide expert advices to society about marine system governance, but such advices should rest on a solid base of observations. Nevertheless, many monitoring programs around the world are currently facing financial reduction. Marine ecosystem services are already overexploited in some areas and sustainable use of these services can only be devised on a solid scientific basis, which requires more observations than presently available
Adam Searles
No full textAdam is a fourth generation Floridian and avid tennis player. He was born in raised in Palm Bay, Florida on the Indian River Lagoon. Growing up he developed a love for coastal ecosystems and the beauty of nature. He spent all of his time growing up outdoors playing tennis, fishing, hiking, camping, and hanging out at the beach. He decided to attend UCF to study marine ecology in order to help preserve coastal ecosystems across the globe.https://stars.library.ucf.edu/ramp_gallery/1073/thumbnail.jp
Mesoscale and high-frequency variability in the Ross Sea (Antarctica): An introduction to the special issue
No full textAuthor Posting. © The Author(s), 2016. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Marine Systems 166 (2017): 1-3, doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.10.010.Support of this research by the National Science Foundation’s United States Antarctic Program and the Italian National Antarctic Research Program (PNRA) is gratefully acknowledged. Additional support by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration is greatly appreciated
Archéologie sous-marine
No full textAdam Paul, Gille Paul, Duval Paul-Marie. Archéologie sous-marine. In: Journal des savants, 1962, n°2. pp. 156-172
Tramp shipping
No full textThesis (B.S.) Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Marine Transportation, 1947.Bibliography: leaf 101.by Sumner Adam Long.B.S
Human,climatic and oceanographic influences on the marine environment of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia
No full textFile PB200200 could not be included in folder EFR1. Full data available on disc with print copy held at the University of Waikato Library.Coral reefs and marine resources are culturally, as well as economically, vital to Pohnpei, situated in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). Farming and fishing are the main sources of livelihood for most Pohnpeian communities. Pohnpei has eleven Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) where nine are situated in the Pohnpei Island Lagoon and two MPAs on the outer low-lying atolls. Like many other Pacific Island countries Pohnpei is on the verge of creating more MPAs. However, the marine environment continues to be significantly threatened by human and natural influences. The recognised threats are yet to be methodically investigated.
This thesis used a combination of sediment, coral, fish, climatic, and oceanographic data, and focused on the Pohnpei Lagoon, examining a range of natural and human issues in the marine environment both at the local level (focusing on that within the Pohnpei Lagoon) and regional level (focusing on the western Pacific region).
Evidence from historical, archaeological, and modern experience has influenced various marine impacts that have altered the coastline and the marine environment of the Pohnpei Lagoon. Humans have greatly impacted on the coral diversity and fish populations in the Pohnpei Lagoon by over-fishing and contributing to accelerated sediment inputs. My study findings shows that that increased sea surface temperature (SST) caused by El Ni o events is not the only cause of coral bleaching, but also cooling of SST, and other human factors. However, when corals bleach they recover by symbiont shuffling . This is an ingenious way in which corals host one or more varieties of their zooxanthelle (Symbiodinium symbiont clades) that are more tolerant of the stress caused by increased SST and human factors.
The recognised natural climatic variability, particularly the El Ni o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), may pose a significant threat to the Pohnpei Lagoon. El Ni o events are associated with: a change in trade winds and stronger wind gusts attributed to typhoons; lower rainfall causing drought; a decrease in SST attributed to cooling of the marine environment; increase of salinity in marine estuaries affecting development and recruitment of marine species communities; and a steep fall in sea level exposing corals to other elements. The various on-going human threats and El Ni o-like conditions have caused giant clams (Tridacna gigas) to become extinct, have endangered herbivorous fish populations, and caused coral bleaching by cooling of SST.
Although high SSTs are normally blamed for coral bleaching, the last major bleaching event in Pohnpei (2002) was likely to be due to a reduction in salinity (freshwater runoff and lower sea level), and there has been strong recovery. However, decreasing water temperatures rather than increases of SSTs may contribute to coral bleaching in the Pohnpei Lagoon and the Micronesian region. The Micronesian region appears to have suffered relatively few episodes of regional coral bleaching events. This is due to the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) where sea surface temperatures exceed 29 C but also where various feedback mechanisms limit the maximum SSTs.
The management aims of Pohnpei's MPAs are to move forward, while still respecting traditional practices. However, a lack of scientific monitoring, technical support and funding restricts our understanding of human and natural influences on the existing MPAs and the Pohnpei Lagoon. With respect to our policy makers the findings of the present research have implications on the future work in Pohnpei's marine environment and for policy makers, to make more-informed decisions before establishing new MPAs.
My key recommendations were: 1.) Integrate coral and fish monitoring during and after El Ni o events to understand El Ni o effects on the Pohnpei environment. 2.) Undertake herbivorous fish investigation into their populations inside and outside the MPAs. 3.) Do not cut down vegetation along coastline areas, as it prevents erosion 4.) Investigate Symbiodinium coral clades in Pohnpei Lagoon and the outer low-lying atolls
- …
