115 research outputs found
Are Firms That Received R&D Subsidies More Innovative?
No full textThis paper looks at the effectiveness of R&D grants for Canadian plants that already benefit from R&D tax credits. Using a non-parametric matching estimator, we find that firms that benefited from both policy measures introduced more new products than their counterparts that only benefited from R&D tax incentives. They also made more world-first product innovations and were more successful in commercializing their innovations.Innovations, R&D, Matching Estimators, Mahalanobis, Innovation Survey, Tax Credits, Grants
Induction of defense genes and secondary metabolites in saskatoons (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) in response to Entomosporium mespili using jasmonic acid and Canada milkvetch extracts
No full textEntomosporium leaf and berry spot represent the most important disease of saskatoons (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.). This disease, caused by the ascomycete Entomosporium mespili (D.C.) Sacc., is difficult to control via conventional methods and no known saskatoon cultivar carries resistance to this pathogen. The aim of the present study was to enhance existing and induced defense responses of saskatoons using two host defense inducers, namely jasmonic acid and an extract from Canada milkvetch on two saskatoon cultivars, Smoky and Martin. Both inducers exhibited an ability to differentially induce the synthesis/accumulation of defense-related genes including those encoding for PR-1, PR-2, PR-5, LOX and PAL. Pre-treatment of saskatoon leaves with these inducers reduced the disease levels especially when applied to the moderately susceptible cultivar Martin. An accumulation of various hydroxycinnamic acid and proanthocyanidin derivatives also correlated with the disease levels recorded on both cultivars. Results are discussed on the basis of the induced pathways in an attempt to lay the ground for a better understanding of this hostpathogen interaction. In the meantime,wehave shown that the use of defense enhancers may be useful in integrated management strategies to control entomosporium leaf and berry spot in saskatoons spot in saskatoons.Fil: Wolski, Erika Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Henriquez, Maria A.. University Of Manitoba; CanadáFil: Adam, Lorne R.. University Of Manitoba; CanadáFil: Badawi, Mohamed. University Of Manitoba; CanadáFil: Andreu, Adriana Balbina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Hadrami, Abdelbasset El . University Of Manitoba; CanadáFil: Daayf, Fouad. University Of Manitoba; Canad
Mildred Luz presenting Farm Safey 'Lost on the Farm' CD to Sifton School
No full textNewspaper Article - Mildred Luz, Vice President, presenting Farm Safety 'Lost on the Farm' CD and manual to Sifton School Principal, Lorne Berg and grade three teacher Claire ErgaAWI CollectionAlberta Women's I n s t i t u t e vice p r e s i d e n t Mildred Luz ( centre) p r e s e n t s a Lost on the Farm
CD- ROM a n d manual t o Sifton School principal Lome Berg and grade t h r e e t e a c h e r Claire
Erga. The CD- ROM a n d manual were created to r a i s e awareness of safety among r u r a l students.
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The Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Petrography of the Upper Cretaceous Wapiabi and Belly River Formations in Southwestern Alberta
No full textTitle: The Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Petrography of the Upper Cretaceous Wapiabi and Belly River Formations in Southwestern Alberta, Author: Lorne R. P. Rosenthal, Location: ThodeThe Upper Cretaceous Wapiabi and Belly River
Formations are thick clastic units which are well exposed in
the foothills along the southeastern margin of the Canadian
Cordillera. The Wapiabi Formation constitutes the uppermost
unit of a thick marine sequence known as the Alberta Group.
The transition to the overlying nonmarine Belly River
Formation marks the onset of a long period of molasse type
sedimentation in the southern Alberta Basin. The Thistle Member of the Wapiabi Formation is the
lowermost unit studied and consists of marine shale with
abundant siltstone and thin sandstone laminae which were
probably introduced into the basin by turbidity currents.
In the southern part of the study area, the overlying Chungo
Member is characterized by a lower thick coarsening upward
shoreline sandstone body which is overlain by approximately
60 meters of nonmarine coastal plain sediments. The
coarsening upward sequence is dominated by turbidites and
hummocky and swaley sequence cross stratification. These structures
record a significant storm influence in a
shallow marine setting. In the central part of the study
area, nonmarine Chungo strata are absent. The nonmarine
strata appear to have been replaced by thick sections of
nearshore to shallow marine sandstones and mudstones which
are organized into several coarsening upward sequences.
Each sequence is capped by a thin transgressive conglomerate
or pebbly mudstone. In the northern part of the study area,
the Chungo Member is represented by a 5 meter interval of
bioturbated sandstone which overlies an anomalously thick
interval of bioturbated sandy mudstones of the Hanson
Member. The Chungo interval is interpreted to have been
deposited by a wave and storm dominated shoreline complex
which prograded from south to north into the Alberta Basin. The Chungo regression was terminated by the Nomad
transgression which shifted the Cretaceous shoreline
approximately 150 km to the south. This shoreline retreat
is essentially nondepositional although the base of the
overlying marine sequence is commonly marked by a thin
pebbly mudstone or conglomerate. The transition from the
marine Nomad Member to the overlying nonmarine Belly River
Formation is typically abrupt and occurs across less than 5
meters of section. In the south, this transition is marked by a sharp based
trough cross stratified sandstone unit
approximately 5 meters in thickness which rests directly on
bioturbated mudstone and which is overlain by rooted
carbonaceous nonmarine strata. These fining upwards
sandstone units are interpreted as low energy tidally
influenced shoreline deposits. In the northern half of the
study area, the Nomad to Chungo transition is marked by a
thin coarsening and thickening upward sandstone-mudstone
sequence. This sequence is capped by a trough cross
stratified and parallel laminated sandstone which is thought
to have been deposited by the progradation of a beach type
shoreline. Little paleocurrent data were available from this
Nomad-Belly River regressive sequence but previous heavy
mineral studies have indicated that the source area lay to
the northwest and that major drainage systems flowed to the
east and southeast. Petrographic data suggest that the Chungo and Belly
River Formation, were derived from different source areas.
During Chungo time, much of the sedimentary detritus was
derived from the Elkhorn volcanic field of west central
Montana. During deposition of the lower Belly River
sandstones much of the sediment was derived from erosion of
uplifted sedimentary, volcanic, and metamorphic rocks in the
rising Cordillera to the west and northwest.ThesisMaster of Science (MS
Communities as destinations: a marketing taxonomy for the effective implementation of the tourism action plan
No full textEffective tourism management on the local or community level requires an understanding of the peculiarities of tourism on a global level and the effective application of management techniques to accomplish desired results. The need for effective implementation of tourism marketing strategy, particularly in small towns, is demonstrated. It is suggested that tourism strategy should be analyzed at the action, program, system and policy levels to determine its effectiveness. It is maintained that effective strategy implementation is achieved by managing the interaction, allocation, organization, and monitoring of tourism processes on each implementation level. Senior government agencies must continue to develop the necessary expertise and provide support needed for communities and regions to be successful at developing their tourism industry.Source type: Electronic(1)http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=8948259&Fmt=7&clientId=65345&RQT=309&VName=PQ
Effects of glucan and eicosapetaeonoic acids on differential regulation on phenilpropanoids and mevalonic pathways during potato response to Phytophthora infestans
No full textThe effects of Phytophthora infestans glucans, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and isolates of this pathogen, on the differential expression of eight genes from the phenylpropanoid and the mevalonate (Ac-MVA) pathways were analyzed in potato by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. The application of EPA had an elicitor effect in Russet Burbank (RB) and Defender (DF) in response to inoculation with a US8 isolate of P. infestans, thereby reducing symptoms of late blight. Such effect was associated with the expression of PAL-1 and PAL-2, since the latter occurred only when EPA was followed by inoculation, whereas these genes were down-regulated in individual treatments RB + EPA, RB + US8, DF + EPA, and DF + US8. The glucan fraction did not by itself suppress phenylpropanoid genes, but its combination with the pathogen resulted in a down-regulation of PAL-1, PAL-2 and CHS. The addition of the glucan fraction to the elicitor EPA, had a negative effect (RB + EPA + GL + US8) since plants showed higher disease symptoms than the ones pretreated with water then infected with US8, and in comparison with RB + EPA + US8 and RB + GL + US8. Exclusive up-regulation of 4CL in DF + US11 and of CHS in DF + EPA + GL + US8, DF + EPA + US11, DF + GL + US11 and DF + EPA + GL + US11, where late blight lesions were not detected, could be associated with potato protection against late blight. Along with previous findings in this pathosystem, these data suggest that genetic resistance in potato against P. infestans is not the result of isolated reactions against the pathogen, but rather the combination of many factors in-line with a polygenic/horizontal resistance.Fil: Henriquez, Maria A.. University Of Manitoba; CanadáFil: Wolski, Erika Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Molina, Oscar I.. University Of Manitoba; CanadáFil: Adam, Lorne R.. University Of Manitoba; CanadáFil: Andreu, Adriana Balbina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Daayf, Fouad. University Of Manitoba; Canad
Knowledge movement in response to coastal British Columbia oil and gas development: Past, present, and future
No full textRegulation of reproductive success in the biennial plant, Hydrophyllum appendiculatum
No full textThe major goal of this study was to determine the relative importance of genetic and environmental sources of variation in reproductive success in Hydrophyllum appendiculatum (Hydrophyllaceae), a biennial, self-compatible, outcrossing, insect-pollinated, forest understory herb. Observations conducted in two populations over three flowering seasons (1987-1989) revealed that survival, flower production, and seed production varied spatially and temporally. While some of this variance was probably due to rainfall patterns, seed production was negatively affected by an unidentified pathogen and a weevil that consumed flowers and developing seeds.A series of greenhouse experiments was conducted to determine the effects of mating system and physical environment on variation in seed size: seed weight in this species ranges from 5-60 mg. Plant mating system was important: outcrossed seeds were heavier than selfed seeds. Seed size was affected by neither the distance separating pollen donors and recipients nor by the number of pollen donors siring offspring with inflorescences. Although mother-offspring regression for seed weight yielded a significant positive relationship, controlled breeding designs revealed no differences among paternal half-sib families, indicating that little or no additive genetic variance exists for seed size. On the other hand, large differences among maternal half-sib families implied maternal effects. Manipulations of the maternal physical environment showed that plants growing under high light conditions had heavier seeds than did shaded plants but that soil types and fertilizer addition had no effect. Within individuals, seed size declined through the season. Seed weight was developmentally constrained by flower size: larger flowers produced larger seeds.Field and greenhouse studies showed that the effects of seed characters (seed size, seed genotype) and emergence date are expressed at different stages of the life cycle. Generally, seedlings that emerged earlier and those derived from larger seeds developed into larger seedlings which had greater survival. While emergence date effects persisted longer, seed size effects waned rapidly with time. Fitness differences between selfed and outcrossed progeny due to inbreeding depression were barely detectable in the first year of growth but became progressively more pronounced in the second, or reproductive year.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:21:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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More favorable and differential treatment of developing countries : toward a new approach in the World Trade Organization
No full textThe authors discuss options that could be considered in the World Trade Organization (WTO) to provide more favorable treatment-so-called special and differential treatment (SDT)-to small and low-income countries. They argue that there is a need both for differentiation across WTO members and for steps that would benefit all developing countries. The authors suggest the following to make the Doha Round more supportive of development: 1) A binding commitment by industrial countries to abolish export subsidies and nontariff barriers (tariff quotas) and to reduce most-favored-nation tariffs on labor-intensive products of export interest to developing countries to no more than 5 percent in 2010, and to no more than 10 percent for agricultural products. All tariffs on manufactures should go to zero by 2015, the target date for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. Liberalization should also be undertaken by developing countries on the basis of a formula approach. 2) A binding commitment by industrial countries on services to expand temporary access for service providers by a specific amount-for example, equal to an additional 1 percent of the workforce-and not to restrict cross-border trade (for example, by telecom channels). 3) Unilateral action by all industrial countries to extend preferential market access for less developed countries, and to simplify eligibility criteria, especially rules of origin. 4) Affirmation by the WTO that core disciplines relating to the use of trade policy apply equally to all WTO members. 5) Acceptance of the principle that for small and low-income countries"one size does not fit all"when it comes to domestic regulation and to WTO agreements requiring substantial investment of resources. 6) Recognition that some WTO agreements need to be adapted to make them moresupportive of development, and a consequent willingness by industrial countries to modify them. 7) Expansion of development assistance to bolster trade capacity in poor countries and strengthening of the links between trade-related technical assistance and the mechanisms through which aid priorities are determined in developing countries. In practice, calls for specific types of SDT often appear to be motivated by a perception that a certain WTO rule is"anti-development"and that therefore developing countries should be exempted from the rule in question. The authors suggest that the appropriate solution to such problems is to change the rules rather than seek an opt-out. What should be up front changes in rules and what should be part of the negotiating agenda is a major issue which needs to be addressed at the Cancun Ministerial meeting. The suggestion that SDT should focus primarily on WTO rules and be limited to those countries that need it most-very small and poor economies-implies that criteria should be adopted to differentiate between countries. Leaving this to self-declaration-the current approach-is not feasible, while reliance on case-by-case, agreement-specific negotiation can generate excessive costs, discretion, and associated uncertainty. While the authors'preference is for a simple rule-of-thumb approach to determine eligibility, this is an issue that requires much more thought and discussion. They suggest that WTO members establish a high-level group to consider criteria that could be used for differentiation purposes and to determine the set of agreements to which differentiation will apply.Economic Theory&Research,Rules of Origin,Environmental Economics&Policies,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Decentralization,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Poverty Assessment,World Trade Organization
How Effective are Fiscal Incentives for R&D? A New Review of the Evidence
No full textThis paper surveys the econometric evidence on the effectiveness of fiscal incentives for R&D. We describe the effects of tax systems in OECD countries on the user cost of R&D - the current position, changes over time and across different firms in different countries. We describe and criticize the methodologies used to evaluate the effect of the tax system on R&D behavior and the results from different studies. In the current (imperfect) state of knowledge we conclude that a dollar in tax credit for R&D stimulates a dollar of additional R&D.
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