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The new termite killers: control of Philippine subterranean termites (Isoptera) using toxicant baits
No full textThe Philippines supports 54 known species of termites encompassing eighteen genera. Within these genera, three families are of economic importance and associated with damage to wood products and timber structures, viz., Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae and Kalotermitidae. Four subterranean termite species are considered serious structural pests, viz., Coptotermes vastator Light, Nasutitermes luzonicus Oshima, Macrotermes gilvus Hagen and Microcerotermes losbanosensis. These species are widely distributed and cause significant structural damages. Current methods to control these wood-boring insects ranged from chemical barrier to termite baits.
The present paper discusses the benefits of termite baiting vis-a-vis the conventional chemical barrier treatments. Current research of the author on the search for potential bait toxicant against Philippine subterranean termites showed that thiamethoxam and chlorfluazuron are effective against C. vastator, N. luzonicus, M. gilvus and M. losbanosensis. Foraging populations and territories of these species are also discussed, as well as future trend in control methods against higher species (Termitidae) of subterranean termites
Physical and chemical properties of fuel pellets from agricultural residues
No full textThe study investigated the physical and chemical properties of fuel pellets from agricultural residues viz., rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw, rice hull, corn (Zea mays L.) cobs, sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) bagasse, waste tea (Camella sinensis L.) leaves, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) stalks, dalandan (Citrus aurantium L.) peel, banana (Musa acuminata) peduncles and pili (Canarium ovatum Engl.) nuts. Proximate, ultimate and elemental analyses were performed to assess fuel properties of pellets from biomass residues. In general, moisture content, particle and bulk density, mechanical durability, calorific values and potential level of pollutant emission were within recommended limits of compressed solid fuel for industrial thermal processes. However, high levels of ash and deposit-forming elements were detected from fuel pellets produced using agricultural residues used in this study. These limitations may pose a major challenge for the use of agricultural residues as fuel pellets in the Philippines
Toxicity of thiamethoxam against Philippine subterranean termites
No full textThiamethoxam (ACTARAreg; 25WG) was evaluated for its termiticidal properties against three species of economically important subterranean termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) in the Philippines: Nasutitermes luzonicus Oshima, Macrotermes gilvus Hagen, and Microcerotermes losbanosensis Oshima. Results of the study indicated that exposure to soil or ingestion of paper treated with thiamethoxam at concentration above 0.41 ppm may provide an adequate chemical barrier or induce high mortality against N. luzonicus, M. gilvus and M. losbanosensis after 5-9 days. Feeding bioassays showed that thiamethoxam was not repellent to M. gilvus and M. losbanosensis but had an anti-feeding effect on N. luzonicus
Repellent effects of Annona crude seed extract on the Asian subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann (Isoptera:Rhinotermitidae)
No full textCrude seed extract of three tropical fruits belonging to the family Annonaceae, viz., sweetsop (Annona squamosa L.), soursop (A. muricata L.) and biriba (Rollinia mucosa Baill.) were investigated for their repellent effects on the Asian subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Results of laboratory feeding bioassay (choice and no-choice) indicated that crude extract of A. squamosa, A. muricata and R. mucosa had feeding deterrent effects on C. gestroi. Termites showed significant avoidance behavior to filter paper treated with extracts of the three Annona species investigated. Soil barrier test revealed that Annona extracts were able to limit penetration of C. gestroi in laboratory tunneling test. The results suggest that Annona seed extracts may offer an alternative source of natural insecticide against subterranean termites
A method to trap and rapidly segregate subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) for laboratory bioassays
No full textA simple technique to trap and rapidly segregate large numbers of subterranean termites (Rhinotermitidae) using the jointed stems (culms) of bamboo, is described. The technique separates termites from their natural substrates by placing moist, weathered bamboo culms on top of broken nest debris. Termites immediately migrate from their natural substrates to the dark and moist cavities of the culms allowing rapid collection by tapping out one end onto flat trays when sufficient numbers of termites aggregate in the interior cavities. Field trapping technique involves the use of bundles of weathered, moist bamboo culms placed horizontally along foundation walls or strategic locations in a known area infested with termites. Termites readily feed on the nutrient rich bamboo, aggregate inside the cavities while feeding and then are collected by tapping out one end onto flat trays. This technique provides a fast, inexpensive and efficient method of trapping and segregating tens of thousand of live termites with no or minimal injury
Economically Important Termites (Isoptera) of the Philippines and Their Control
No full textThe Philippines supports 54 known species of termites encompassing 18 genera. Within these genera, only three families are of economic importance and associated with damage to wood products and timber structures, viz., Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae and Kalotermitidae. Six species are considered serious structural pests, viz., Coptotermes vastator, Nasutitermes luzonicus, Macrotermes gilvus, Microcerotermes losbanosensis, Cryptotermes cynocephalus and Cr. dudleyi. These species are widely distributed and cause significant structural damages. Current methods to control these termites range from chemical barrier to termite baits
Plasma surface treatment for improving gluability and adhesion properties of white lawan
No full textRemedial control of Philippine subterranean termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) using bait toxicants
No full textWaste chicken feather as reinforcement in cement-bonded composites
No full textThis study investigated the use of waste chicken feather (barbs and rachis) as reinforcement in cement-bonded composites. A series of composite boards consisting of various proportions of waste feather, cement, sand, and chemical admixtures were prepared. Mix workability decreased significantly as the proportion by weight of feathers or ground feathers increased from 5% to 20%. Boards containing 5% to 10% fiber and/or ground feather by weight showed comparable strength and dimensional stability to commercial wood fiber-cement composites of similar thickness and density. Stiffness, flexural strength, and dimensional stability of the feather-cement boards decreased as the proportion of feathers was increased above 10%. Higher proportions of feather, however, showed significant reduction in modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR), and increased water absorption and thickness swelling after 24 hours of soaking in water
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