21,966 research outputs found
Timing of Bariatric Surgery and COVID-19 Vaccination: Experience From a High-volume Single Center
No full textBackground: During the last year, there was a large COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Italy. Concurrently, metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) restarted after a long period of discontinuity. No data are currently available on the best timing of COVID-19 vaccination for MBS candidates. The aim of this study was to report MBS outcomes in relation to the timing of COVID-19 vaccine administration. Materials and methods: A prospectively maintained database was utilized to locate patients undergoing MBS between January 1 and December 31, 2021. Patients were divided into 2 groups: patients receiving a vaccine dose within 30 days before or after surgery (Group±30); and patients with a longer time interval of vaccine dose before or after surgery (Group>±30). Postoperative outcomes were recorded and compared. Results: A total of 108 patients were included: 33 (30.6%) of whom were in Group±30 and 74(69.4%) in Group>30. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the 2 groups. Findings revealed that postoperative outcomes (ie, 30-d complications and length of stay postoperatively) were comparable between groups. Two patients in the ±30 group had mesenteric vein thrombosis after sleeve gastrectomy (SG); however, the rate of thrombosis events was comparable between groups ( P =0.09). Thrombosis between SG patients were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination within 30 days of MBS does not impact complication rates and length of stay. COVID-19 vaccination may have a negative impact on venous thrombosis after SG, but this study is underpowered to draw this conclusion. Larger studies should be conducted to replicate current study findings
Long-Term Results of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: a Review of Studies Reporting 10+ Years Outcomes
No full text: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is the most commonly performed bariatric procedure worldwide. Systematic search of Pubmed, Cochrane, and Embase was performed in order to find all the articles reporting 10+ years of LSG results. Eleven studies including 1020 patients met the inclusion criteria. Overall weighted mean %TWL was 24.4% (17-36.9%), and remission rates from TD2M to HTN were 45.6% (0-94.7%) and 41.4% (0-78.4%), respectively. De novo GERD had an overall prevalence of 32.3% (21.4-58.4%), and five cases (0.5%) of Barrett's disease were reported. Revisional surgery was required for 19.2% (1-49.5%) of patients, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass being the most common secondary procedure
Arabic Cultural Program - Conversation with the author Hamdi Abu Golayyel
No full textThe Department of Arab & Islamic Civilization\u27s Arabic Cultural Program kicks off the year with an evening conversation with the author Hamdi Abu Golayyel on Saturday, November 12, 2016 at 6:00 pm in the Oriental Hall, Tahrir Campus. Abu Golayyel will discuss his collection Cairo\u27s Streets and Stories and will entertain questions from the audience
Micronutrients Deficiencies in Candidates of Bariatric Surgery: Results from a Single Institution over a 1-Year Period
No full textBACKGROUND: Micronutrient deficiencies represent a common condition after bariatric surgery (BS). The prevalence of these nutritional disorders before BS is still debated. The aim of our study was to retrospectively evaluate the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in candidates for BS. METHODS: A prospectively maintained database of our institution was searched to find all patients who underwent surgery between January and December 2021. The following data were collected: age, gender, body mass index (BMI), obesity-associated diseases, and preoperative serum levels of vitamin B12, folate, and vitamin D. RESULTS: A total of 174 patients were included in our study. Mean age and BMI were 39.2 ± 11.4 years and 44.3 ± 7.1 kg/m(2), respectively. One hundred and thirty-nine patients (79.9%) had at least one preoperative micronutrient disorder, with vitamin D deficiency being the most common (116, 66.7%), followed by a deficit of folate (76, 43.7%) and vitamin B12 (10, 5.7%). Forty-seven (27%) individuals had insufficient levels of vitamin D. Comparison of deficiencies between sexes showed that vitamin B12 < 20 ng/ml was significantly more frequent in women (p = 0.03). DLP showed a mild significant effect on folate levels (p = 0.01), while the association of HNT and T2DM had a mild significant effect on vitamin B12 (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative micronutrient deficiencies were frequently found in candidates for BS. Approximately 90% of patients had deficient or insufficient serum levels of vitamin D preoperatively. Almost half of the patients had a preoperative deficit of folate, and vitamin B12 deficiency was significantly more frequent in the female population. It is mandatory to screen all patients undergoing BS for vitamin deficiencies before surgery
ADAM SMITH'S OPTIMISTIC TELEOLOGICAL VIEW OF HISTORY
No full textAdam Smith's four-stage theory provides the framework for his writings on history. The fourth stage is the commercial epoch; the culmination of history in this stage is a key component in the conventional interpretation of Adam Smith as a prophet of commercialism. In two historical case studies Smith shows the capacity of commercial society to regenerate itself. This potent capacity suggests that commercial society is inevitable. At a certain point in time it also overcomes the major obstacles to its permanence. Smith's philosophy of history anticipates the end of history views of Kant and Hegel.Political Economy,
Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Morbid Obesity before and after Metabolic Bariatric Surgery
No full textBackground: Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) is the most effective treatment for severe obesity. Vitamin D deficiency is a common complication encountered both during preoperative workup and follow-up. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients undergoing MBS. Methods: Prospectively maintained database of our university MBS center was searched to assess the rate of preoperative and postoperative vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in patients undergoing MBS over a one-year period. Results: In total, 184 patients were included, 85 cases of Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG), 99 Gastric Bypass (GB; 91 One Anastomosis and 8 Roux-en-Y). Preoperative vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were respectively found in 61% and 29% of patients, with no significant difference between SG and GB. After six months, 15% of patients had vitamin D deficiency, and 34% had vitamin D insufficiency. There was no significant difference in the rate of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency and the percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) at 1, 3, and 6 postoperative months between SG and GB. Conclusions: Preoperative vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is common in MBS candidates. Regular follow-up with correct supplementation is recommended when undergoing MBS. Early postoperative values of vitamin D were comparable between SG and OAGB
Perceptions of Evil from Abu Ghraib: Female Prison Guards and Sexual Violence
No full textIn 2003, the world was presented with images of sexual torture from Abu Ghraib, a U.S. military prison in Iraq. For many people, part of the shock of the images was the fact that several of the guards were women. Lynndie England, Sabrina Harman, Megan Ambuhl and Janis Karpinski quickly became the infamous face of the U.S. imperialism. The involvement of women celebrating prisoners’ sexual humiliation and pain, was extremely difficult for people to comprehend and it forced western society to realize that simply adding women to the military did not automatically make that military less prone to brutality.
The aftermath of Abu Ghraib included extensive analysis from multiple perspectives. Conservatives claimed being in the military has ‘masculinized’ the perpetrators and made them violent. Some feminist theorists stated that England et al were just scapegoats who lacked any power or authority both as women in a patriarchal system and as common soldiers. Sociologists discussed the role of group dynamics and how violence towards the enemy has historically been one of the ways to increase a team’s cohesion. Others noted the connection to colonialism in the fact that all the victims were men of color while the perpetrators were Caucasian. Throughout these analyses, the focus has been on the perpetrators as soldiers, but downplayed their role as prison guards. However, as this paper will demonstrate, this role may be useful in better understanding the actions at Abu Ghraib. A large body of data shows that, in the USA, female prison guards are responsible for the majority of sexual crimes against male inmates and a large percentage of sexual crimes against female inmates. This paper will discuss how the sexual torture at Abu Ghraib can be seen as existing on the same continuum of other sexual crimes committed by female guards in civilian prisons
How Might Adam Smith Pay Professors Today?
No full textAdam Smith’s proposal for paying professors was intended to induce increased faculty knowledge. If students have imperfect information about what they learn, and universities can only imperfectly measure the input of faculty time in student learning, publications may be used to measure faculty knowledge. If professors’ ability to publish is positively related to their ability to produce student learning, which universities can imperfectly measure, publications may be necessary to attract more able professors. Since research signals faculty knowledge, schools that do not value publications per se could require higher publication standards and pay higher wages than schools that value only publications.
Implementation of updated enhanced recovery after bariatric surgery guidelines: adapted protocol in a single tertiary center
No full text: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of an adapted protocol of enhanced recovery after bariatric surgery (ERABS) on outcomes. This is a single-center observational study comparing patients managed according to adapted ERABS protocol (March-May 2022) with a control group of old method (January 2021-February 2022). Totally, 253 bariatric patients were included in the study (n = 68) and control (n = 185) groups. Patients were mostly females (57.3% vs 70.2%; p = 0.053), of mean age 38.8 years and body mass index 41 ± 6.53 vs. 44.60 ± 7.37 kg/m2 (p = 0.007) in study and control groups, respectively. The majority (90.5%) underwent primary bariatric surgery. Adapted ERABS protocol compliance was 98.5%. The study group had shorter hospital stay (mean 2.86 ± 0.51 vs. 4.03 ± 0.28 days; p < 0.001), similar rates of total (3% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.92) and major complications (1.5% vs. 0, p = 0.10). Readmission rates were similar (1.5% vs 1.6%, p = 0.92). Applied only in the study group, early ambulation (p < 0.001), opioid restriction, and preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), resulted in satisfactory scores (mean total visual analogue score 1.93 ± 0.80, morphine milligram equivalent 34.0 ± 14.5, and mean total PONV grade 0.17 ± 0.36). In conclusion, implementing adapted ERABS guidelines improved patients' postoperative care, raising awareness to pain management. Length of stay was shortened without safety compromise. Efforts to abandon old-school routines seem worthwhile, even if ERABS is partially implemented
ADAM SMITH'S VIEW OF HISTORY: CONSISTENT OR PARADOXICAL?
No full textThe conventional interpretation of Adam Smith is that he is a prophet of commercialism. The liberal capitalist reading of Smith is consistent with the view that history culminates in commercial society. The first part of the article develops this optimistic interpretation of Smith's view of history. Smith implies that commercial society is the end of history because 1) it supplies the ends of nature that he identifies; 2) it is inevitable; and 3) it is permanent. The second part of the article shows that Smith has some dark moments in his writings where he seems to reject completely such teleological notions. In this more civic humanist mood he confesses that commercial society does not supply the ends of nature, nor is it inevitable, nor is it permanent. Both views exist in Smith and the commentator is forced to choose between passages in Smith's work in order to support a particular interpretation of the former's view of history.Political Economy,
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