8,987,210 research outputs found
RICOVERI PER EFFETTI INDESIDERATI DA SOVRADOSAGGIO DI FARMACI PRESSO UN’UNITÀ OPERATIVA CARDIOLOGICA NEL PERIODO 2011-2013
No full textIntroduzione: Le statistiche dei casi di ricovero ospedaliero per effetti indesiderati da sovradosaggio farmacologico sono utili per valutare l’incidenza di tale fenomeno nel mondo reale. Un sovradosaggio farmacologico può avvenire come conseguenza di un’insufficiente o inadeguata comunicazione tra medico e paziente, per autoprescrizione o erronea assunzione di dosaggi superiori a quelli necessari, per erronea assunzione di due farmaci identici come molecola ma con nome commerciale diverso o per effetti collaterali imprevisti.
Materiali e metodi: Sono state esaminate, retrospettivamente, le cartelle cliniche relative a tutti i ricoveri avvenuti presso l’Unità Operativa di Cardiologia del P.O. S. Antonio Abate di Trapani (ASP 9 - Sicilia) nel triennio compreso tra gennaio 2011 e dicembre 2013. Sono state ricercate le ospedalizzazioni avvenute per effetti indesiderati da sovradosaggio di farmaci appartenenti a varie classi quali digitalici, ACE-inibitori, betabloccanti e antiaritmici, in particolare l’amiodarone.
Risultati: Nel triennio in oggetto, su un totale di 7269 ospedalizzazioni, quelli per effetti indesiderati da sovradosaggio farmacologico sono stati 76 (1.05% del totale dei ricoveri). I pazienti ricoverati per tale motivo, 33 di sesso maschile e 43 di sesso femminile, avevano un’età compresa tra 62 e 90 anni. La Figura1 mostra le percentuali relative ai singoli farmaci interessati, secondo cui la principale causa di ricovero ospedaliero per effetti indesiderati da sovradosaggio farmacologico è attribuibile all’amiodarone, antiaritmico di classe III, per i noti effetti collaterali a carico della tiroide e degli occhi. Segue la digitale, che ha causato nei pazienti bradiaritmie e in alcuni casi vere e proprie intossicazioni e, in percentuali minori, gli ACE-inibitori, cause di ipotensione e i betabloccanti, causa di bradicardia e ipotensione. Per tutti i casi l’intervento mirava alla reversione della sintomatologia e alla momentanea sospensione dell’assunzione. Per nessuno dei casi monitorati si è proposto il ricovero in terapia intensiva.
Discussione: I ricoveri ospedalieri per effetti indesiderati da sovradosaggio farmacologico sono ancora un problema abbastanza diffuso nel mondo reale. Gli operatori sanitari, tra cui Medici e Farmacisti, dovrebbero ulteriormente mirare a una corretta informazione dei pazienti e dei loro familiari, in particolare al momento della dimissione, come prezioso e fondamentale strumento di prevenzione di questi danni iatrogenici che, a prescindere dei costi evitabili per il Sistema
Sanitario Nazionale, possono comportare, se non adeguatamente trattati, rischi e gravi conseguenze per la salute
Serum microRNAs as biomarkers of human lymphocyte activation in health and disease
No full textInduction of the adaptive immune system is evaluated mostly by assessment of serum antibody titers and T lymphocyte responses in peripheral blood, although T and B cell activation occurs in lymphoid tissues. In recent years, the release of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the extra-cellular environment has been exploited to assess cell functions at distance via measurement of serum miRNAs. Activated lymphocytes release a large amount of nano-sized vesicles (exosomes), containing miRNA, however there are insufficient data to determine whether this phenomenon is reflected in modulation of serum miRNAs. Interestingly, miRNA signatures of CD4+ T cell-derived exosomes are substantially different from intracellular miRNA signatures of the same cells. We have recently identified serum circulating miR-150 as a sensor of general lymphocyte activation and we strongly believe that miRNAs differentially released by specific CD4+ effector T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg) may serve as serum biomarkers of their elicitation in lymphoid tissues but also in damaged tissues, potentially providing clinically relevant information about the nature of immune responses in health and disease. © 2014 de Candia, Torri, Pagani and Abrignani
PANIC DISORDER, ANXIETY, AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
No full textDifferent data indicate that psychological and/or emotional disorders may play an important role in the natural
history of heart diseases. Although the major evidence is that related to depression, epidemiological data would indicate
that anxiety and panic disorders are highly represented in cardiac patient, thus influencing mortality and morbidity.
The diagnosis of panic disorder in patients with chest pain is crucial to a correct therapeutic approach, as well as to
reduce the risks and costs of inappropriate treatments.
Anxiety and panic may accelerate different direct and indirect processes involved in the pathogenesis of
cardiovascular diseases: lifestyle risk factors, arterial hypertension, myocardial perfusion, autonomic nervous system or
hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, platelet activation, and inflammation processes. Panic disorder seems to correlate
particularly with sudden death: this suggests that it may be considered one of the main inducers of life-threatening
arrhythmias, rather than to be linked to the development and progression of coronary atherosclerosis.
Beyond hard outcomes, panic disorders produce negative effects on both global adjustment and life quality that
may impair the course of the cardiac diseases. Interestingly, specific antipanic and anxiolytic agents seem to be
particularly effective upon life quality. In any case, adequate controlled clinical trials are necessary in order to confirm
the possibility of cardiovascular risk reduction by means of anxiety and panic disorder treatment
Effects of green tea catechins and exercise training on body composition parameters
No full textThe impact of phytochemicals, as green tea catechins, on body composition measures has become a relevant topic as ongoing epidemiological evidence suggests their potential role in weight loss. Although catechins have been shown to modulate fat and energy metabolism, clinical effects of green tea consumption still remain controversial. Given the role played by physical exercise in weight management, it is important to determine whether the association of catechins and exercise is able to improve outcomes over and above the beneficial effects of exercise alone. Considering that scientific findings on this topic are not entirely consistent, aim of the present review was to assess the current scientific literature regarding the interplay between green tea catechins and exercise in overweight and obese populations. In particular, it was evaluated whether the addition of green tea supplementation to exercise training was able to further improve the exercise-induced changes in body composition parameters
The Mediterranean Diet, Its Microbiome Connections, and Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review
No full textThe Mediterranean diet (MD), rich in minimally processed plant foods and in monounsaturated fats but low in saturated fats, meat, and dairy products, represents one of the most studied diets for cardiovascular health. It has been shown, from both observational and randomized controlled trials, that MD reduces body weight, improves cardiovascular disease surrogates such as waist-to-hip ratios, lipids, and inflammation markers, and even prevents the development of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and other diseases. However, it is unclear whether it offers cardiovascular benefits from its individual components or as a whole. Furthermore, limitations in the methodology of studies and meta-analyses have raised some concerns over its potential cardiovascular benefits. MD is also associated with characteristic changes in the intestinal microbiota, mediated through its constituents. These include increased growth of species producing short-chain fatty acids, such as Clostridium leptum and Eubacterium rectale, increased growth of Bifidobacteria, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii species, and reduced growth of Firmicutes and Blautia species. Such changes are known to be favorably associated with inflammation, oxidative status, and overall metabolic health. This review will focus on the effects of MD on cardiovascular health through its action on gut microbiota
author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 – Supplemental material for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct
No full textSupplemental material, author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct by George Wood, Daria Roithmayr and Andrew V. Papachristos in Socius</p
Human T lymphocytes at tumor sites
No full textCD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes mediate most of the adaptive immune response against tumors. Naïve T lymphocytes specific for tumor antigens are primed in lymph nodes by dendritic cells. Upon activation, antigen-specific T cells proliferate and differentiate into effector cells that migrate out of peripheral blood into tumor sites in an attempt to eliminate cancer cells. After accomplishing their function, most effector T cells die in the tissue, while a small fraction of antigen-specific T cells persist as long-lived memory cells, circulating between peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues, to generate enhanced immune responses when re-encountering the same antigen. A subset of memory T cells, called resident memory T (T(RM)) cells, stably resides in non-lymphoid peripheral tissues and may provide rapid immunity independently of T cells recruited from blood. Being adapted to the tissue microenvironment, T(RM) cells are potentially endowed with the best features to protect against the reemergence of cancer cells. However, when tumors give clinical manifestation, it means that tumor cells have evaded immune surveillance, including that of T(RM) cells. Here, we review the current knowledge as to how T(RM) cells are generated during an immune response and then maintained in non-lymphoid tissues. We then focus on what is known about the role of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T(RM) cells in antitumor immunity and their possible contribution to the efficacy of immunotherapy. Finally, we highlight some open questions in the field and discuss how new technologies may help in addressing them
Comptes rendus – Recensioni - Book Reviews
No full textP. BUONGIORNO, A. BALBO, E. MALASPINA (edd.), Rappresentazione e uso dei senatus
consulta nelle fonti letterarie della repubblica e del primo principato /
Darstellung und Gebrauch der senatus consulta in den literarischen Quellen
der Republik und der frühen Kaiserzeit (A. ABRIGNANI).
G.M. MÜLLER, F. MARIANI ZINI (hrsg.), Philosophie in Rom – Römische Philosophie?
Kultur-, literatur- und philosophie-geschichtliche Perspektiven
(F.M. PETRUCCI).
TACITO, Agricola, Saggio introduttivo, nuova traduzione e note di S.
AUDANO (S. MOLLEA)
Exploring the links between cancer and placenta development
No full textThe development of metastatic cancer is a multistage process, which often requires decades to complete. Impairments in DNA damage control and DNA repair in cancer cell precursors generate genetically heterogeneous cell populations. However, despite heterogeneity most solid cancers have stereotypical behaviours, including invasiveness and suppression of immune responses that can be unleashed with immunotherapy targeting lymphocyte checkpoints. The mechanisms leading to the acquisition of stereotypical properties remain poorly understood. Reactivation of embryonic development processes in cells with unstable genomes might contribute to tumour expansion and metastasis formation. However, it is unclear whether these events are linked to immune response modulation. Tumours and embryos have non-self-components and need to avoid immune responses in their microenvironment. In mammalian embryos, neo-antigens are of paternal origin, while in tumour cells DNA mismatch repair and replication defects generate them. Inactivation of the maternal immune response towards the embryo, which occurs at the placental-maternal interface, is key to ensuring embryonic development. This regulation is accomplished by the trophoblast, which mimics several malignant cell features, including the ability to invade normal tissues and to avoid host immune responses, often adopting the same cancer immunoediting strategies. A better understanding as to whether and how genotoxic stress promotes cancer development through reactivation of programmes occurring during early stages of mammalian placentation could help to clarify resistance to drugs targeting immune checkpoint and DNA damage responses and to develop new therapeutic strategies to eradicate cancer
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