5 research outputs found
Mothers Lived Experiences of Caesarean Section: A Qualitative Study among Mothers in Semi-Urban Areas of Bangladesh
No full textThe commercialisation of health services has led to an increasing rate of unnecessary caesarean deliveries in developing countries like Bangladesh. This rising rate of unnecessary caesarean section (CS) is a serious concern, and it is associated with numerous short and long-term complications in both maternal and child health. This study aimed to explore the CS mother's direct experiences with the immediate and long-term physical effects of CS. Twenty-two participants were selected from the Naya Bazar area, Sylhet City Corporation, which included mothers, fathers, traditional birth attendants and community health care providers. A qualitative research approach was adopted, and in-depth interviews and key informant interviews were conducted to focus on the experiences of caesarean mothers. The interviews were conducted face-to-face and analysed thematically. Various short and long-term physical risks were found following CSs. Four important physical consequence themes emerged from the analysis: Medicinal and breastfeeding difficulties, pain and wound complexity, urinary incontinence, and experiences following a CS. Some of the immediate consequences of the post-caesarean period impacted the mother’s ability to care for their child and the lack of mobility. Short and long-term consequences and physical pain impacted them over a long period. Unnecessary CSs can have short and long-term complications that need to be addressed. It is crucial to raise awareness about the potential consequences of CS for both the mother and the child, which would contribute to Sustainable Development Goals 3 (SDGs 3), ensuring well-being amongst the mother and the child
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E-Learning and learning styles:implementing and evaluation of learning sequence method
No full textThis research began by accepting that different people learn differently from one another; have different learning styles, strengths and preferences in the ways they take in and process information. The research reported here asks whether, in Higher Education, and using new online technologies, the learning process can be enhanced by matching it to student learning style. To test this hypothesis blocks of eLearning material to support different learning activities was created for, and delivered to, students on the Computer Technology Module of a first year of a degree in Computer Technology. The author employed Honey and Mumford's (1986) classifications, and each student participating in the research was characterised as having one of four learning styles; Activist, Pragmatist, Reflector or Theorist. The material was designed so that the blocks could be delivered in four different sequences, each sequence in which the blocks was presented matched one of the learning styles. All students were tested to establish their learning style so that there was control of whether or not they were allocated to a group where order of delivery matched learning style. At the end of the course a Post-test assessed progress achieved, and student questionnaires evaluated attitudes towards the online course material and other aspects of the course. Three separate experiments were carried out
Mechanism of story elements in the Forud story of Shahname
No full textAbstract Which by their nature narrative structure elements , motifs and narrative action takes place . Author In light of these characteristics and structural elements such as plot , point of view , conflict, crisis , climax and relief , follow the narrative structure down. In this study is to investigate the structure of the story landed in Shahnameh . For this purpose, the definition of story and structure delivers And a review of such issues to investigate this story. And to provide this evidence to conclude that the text of traditions and story And a coherent and systematic plan and that it regulates the relations of cause and effect . And shows the text with the help of fictional elements From a stable position starts And stable position and different ends. Abstract Which by their nature narrative structure elements , motifs and narrative action takes place . Author In light of these characteristics and structural elements such as plot , point of view , conflict, crisis , climax and relief , follow the narrative structure down. In this study is to investigate the structure of the story landed in Shahnameh . For this purpose, the definition of story and structure delivers And a review of such issues to investigate this story. And to provide this evidence to conclude that the text of traditions and story And a coherent and systematic plan and that it regulates the relations of cause and effect . And shows the text with the help of fictional elements From a stable position starts And stable position and different ends
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Determinants of foreign direct investment in Kurdistan Region (North of Iraq)
No full textIraq has the second largest oil resource in the world, presenting good business opportunities for foreign investors. However, foreign investors have avoided the country due to its ongoing unrest. This includes two wars (the Iran-Iraq war from 1980 to 1988, then the Gulf war
in 1991), followed by United Nations (UN) sanctions, and most recently, since 2003 the country has become a battle ground for terrorists and insurgents in most parts of the country. Kurdistan Region is a safe and sustainable part of Iraq compared to the rest of the country. Its rich natural resources (oil and gas), and competitive investment laws are expected to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) into the Region. However, despite Kurdistan Regional Government's (KRG) massive advertising campaign internationally, and the many incentives offered to foreigners to invest in the Region, there is little evidence of foreign multinational
companies' willingness to commit to long term investment in Kurdistan Region. This thesis is part of an overall research study, exploring the determinants of FDI in Kurdistan Region. In the previous documents the author investigated the Region's market attractiveness for FDI, through interviews with senior government officials in Kurdistan and
Iraqi Central Government (Document Three), and foreign investors (Document Four) regarding their main concerns relating to foreign investors’ investments in Kurdistan Region. This study, investigating a different set of stakeholders, a number of UK and Turkey based organisations involved in FDI in the Kurdistan Region. It aims to investigate all the potential risks associated with investing in Kurdistan Region as well as to research how these organisations evaluate the Kurdistan market. The findings of this research project suggest that although Kurdistan Region presents good business opportunities for FDI, investing in the Region is closely associated with political and market risks. These risks are a result of Iraq's recent history of violence, the current conflict
between different ethnic groups over power and authority, and the Region's uncertain long term political risks which are affecting multinational companies' (MNC) modes of entry and preventing high-resource commitments (Uppsala theory).
The findings also suggest that participants' opinions regarding the Region’s market attractiveness for FDI consideration are influenced by their own experiences, and the participants of this study play an encouraging role in MNCs' decisions to enter the Region
The influence of Jorge Luis Borges on Houshang Golshiri: a comparative study of some Postmodern Components in the works of Borges and Golshir
No full textIntroduction
Comparative literature is a line of interdisciplinary research that studies the relationship between the literature of different nations. It examines the relationship between literature and other fields of study such as arts. Due to its international, cultural and interdisciplinary nature, comparative literature has been changed since its very beginning (Norblin, Sadeghzadeh et al., 2011: 324).
Postmodernism is a complex socio-cultural movement, which is based on the critique of popular beliefs related to the Enlightenment Age. This movement can be witnessed in all domains. One of the most important authors of postmodernism is Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986). His stories are colored with various postmodern themes and techniques.
Following the West, Iran also witnessed a new trend that can be roughly called modernism. This trend entered Fiction from the beginning of story writing in Iran and continued in the 1940s. For instance, the Isfahan Circle became the host of writers such as Mohammad Hoghooghi, Ahmad Mir-Alaei, Houshang Golshiri, etc., all continuing and experimenting with the wave of modernism in various literary fields in their works. One of the most prominent figures was Houshang Golshiri (1938-2000) whose critiques, translations, and writings of long and short stories are important works of postmodernism.
2- Research method
This is a library research that uses a descriptive-analytical approach to comparatively study the obtained data from among various works of Borges, this research studied two, including The Library of Babel and Theme of the Traitor and the Hero. As for Golshiri's stories, Prince Ehtejab (Persian: شازده احتجاب) and The Night of Hesitation (Persian: شب شک) were comparatively investigated for their postmodern components.
3- Discussion
In this research, three postmodern features (Indeterminacy, Pastiche, and Ontology) are examined in two works: The Night of Hesitation and Prince Ehtejab by Golshiri, and The Library of Babel and Theme of Traitor and Hero by Borges.
3-1-Indeterminacy:
In postmodern novels, uncertainty and indeterminacy could be observed in everything. Story characters are ambiguous. Stories have no clear-cut ending. They sometimes have multiple endings or open endings. This uncertainty at the level of the narrative is so much that the ambiguity in the plot cannot be removed. (Shamisa, 2012:426; Lodge et al., 2007:156)
3-1-1- Uncertainty in The Night of Hesitation: This is one of Golshiri's complicated stories and the best example of this category of his works. The story describes a group of friends who discuss the possibility of suicide by one of their friends, Mr. Salavati. They remember the last night with Salavati and give contradictory remarks about that night and Salavati's suicide. No one is sure and does not agree with others” (Atashsoda, 2009: 474).
One instance of indeterminacy is the uncertain ending of the story in The Night of Hesitation where the reader’s encounter with the story ending has no definite result.
3-1-2 Indeterminacy in the Theme of the Traitor and the Hero: The author casts doubt on the location of a historical event, obscuring details that are very important to induce uncertainty to the reader from the very beginning.
3-2-Pastiche (Adaptation)
Postmodern novelists use Pastiche to produce a combination of writing styles. In other words, they change style attributes or use them erratically. The purpose is to emphasize the incoherent and heterogeneous content of the story (Payandeh, 2011: 40)
3-2-1- Pastiche in Prince Ehtejab: One of the most obvious postmodern elements in the story of Prince Ehtejab is the Pastiche or adaptation. In Prince Ehtejab, Golshiri is strongly influenced by Sadegh Hedayat's The Blind Owl, from its characters and features to the show scenes and motifs.
3-2-2- Pastiche in The Library of Babel: Truth is the essence of a particular library or book. It gradually fades and expresses its despair of finding the truth in various ways. One way is converting library books into one another, without any certain rule or logic.
3-3-Ontology
In modern times, man recognized the world around him with all its ambiguities, thus he was living in an Epistemological age. However, over time and after advancements in various fields of science, human beings became confused and could no longer know the world definitively. They could only think about the existence of changes and enter a period called Post-Epistemological or Ontological era.
3-3-1- Ontology in The Night of Hesitation: Golshiri uses various tweaks to change the interrelationships of different parts of the story. This changes the dominant element from Epistemological to Post-Epistemological (ontological) problems. For example, in the story of The Night of Hesitation, by putting together contradictory views and deliberately creating doubts about the possibility of Mr. Salavati's suicide, he imbued the story with enigma and mystery. Instead of relying on the available evidence, the characters use their imagination to judge and shift the possibility of knowing themselves and others towards the issue of existence. (Golshiri, 2010: 246-249)
3-3-2- Ontology in Theme of the Traitor and the Hero: after years of reading and spending time in libraries, Borges failed to understand man and the world around him, which was a modern epistemological approach. "No one can reveal the direction of existence to anyone else," he said. Because it passes through man and we only see its reflection in words” (Ghanebasiri, 1999: 248).
Conclusion
In this study, the postmodern components of indeterminacy, pastiche, and ontology were investigated and compared in Golshiri's The Night of Hesitation and Prince Ehtejab and Borges’ Theme of the Traitor and the Hero and The Library of Babel. Although the research method is based on the American School of comparative literature (regardless of direct influence), after a comparative study of some of the works of the two authors, and given the reasons such as the presence of Golshiri as one of the main members of the Isfahan Circle in the 1960s and the presence of translators of Borges such as Ahmad Mir Alaei, Ahmad Golshiri and Ahmad Okhov'vat, and their continued cooperation and later acquaintance and the publication of the article “I did not live to be another person” written by Golshiri and the similarities between some of Golshiri and Borges' works, we may conclude that Houshang Golshiri became acquainted with Borges and some of his works early in his professional activity and was influenced by them
