288 research outputs found
El científico frente a la “crisis” de la civilización. Una aproximación a La incógnita del hombre de Alexis Carrel.. Cuicuilco Revista de la Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia: Raza, fobias e intolerancias. Num. 31 (2004) Vol. 11 mayo-agosto
No full textEn el artículo se examinan la obra y el legado del francés Alexis Carrel (1873-1944), ganador del Premio Nobel, como caso paradigmático del modernismo reaccionario y el pesimismo cultural del periodo de entreguerras. Preocupado por la "crisis de la civilización", en 1935 Carrel publicó La incógnita del hombre, un libro en el que proponía la reconstrucción del individuo a partir de un conjunto de medidas fascistas y eugenésicas. El éxito de la obra convirtió a su autor en uno de los divulgadores del racismo científico más populares de la época. Entre 1941 y 1944 trabajó para el régimen colaboracionista de Vichy dirigiendo un instituto de investigaciones sociobiológicas que tenía por misión "mejorar" la población. Tras su muerte, y pese a haber apoyado explícitamente la política biológicoracial de Hitler, Carrel ha sido reivindicado con propósitos de lo más diversos, desde el humanismo católico y la clonación hasta el racismo antiárabe y el fundamentalismo islámico.The article examines the career and legacy of the French-born Nobel laureate Alexis Carrel (1873-1944) as a paradigmatic case of interwar reactionary modernism and cultural despair. Concerned about the "crisis of civilization", in 1935 Carrel published Man, the Unknown, a book in which he proposed the reconstruction of the individual along fascist and eugenic lines. The book´s success turned the author into one of the most popular vulgarizers of scientific racism. Between 1941 and 1944 he worked for the collaborationist regime of Vichy, heading an institution of sociobiological research aimed at the "improvement" of the population. After his death, and despite his endorsement of Nazi racialbiological policies, Carrel has been claimed for widely different purposes, from cloning research to anti-Arab racism and Islamic fundamentalism.Adams, Mark B. (ed.) 1990. The Wellborn Science: Eugenics in Germany, France, Brazil, and Russia, Nueva York, Oxford University Press.Ali, Tariq. 2002. The Clash of Fundamentalisms, Nueva York, Verso.Alvarez Peláez, Raquel. 1997. Sir Francis Galton, padre de la eugenesia, Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.Antier, Jean-Jacques. 1974. Carrel cet inconnu, París, SOS.Aron, Robert y Andr. Dandieu. 1931. Décadence de la nation française, París, Rieder.Bessières, Albert. 1950. La Destinée humaine devant la science: Alexis Carrel, Pierre Lecomte du Noüy, Charles Nicolle, París, Spes.Bessières, Albert. 1952. Le Voyageur de Lourdes, Alexis Carrel, Bruselas, Foyer Notre-Dame.Black, Antony. 2001. The History of Islamic Political Thought: From the Prophet to the Present, Nueva York, Routledge.Black, Edwin. 2003. The War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America´s Campaign to Create a Master Race, Nueva York, Four Walls Eight Windows.Brun, Gérard. 1985. Technocrates et technocratie en France, París, Editions de l´Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales.Burleigh, Michael. 1994. Death and Deliverance: “Euthanasia” in Germany c. 1900-1945, Nueva York, Cambridge University Press.Burleigh, Michael y Wolfgang Wippermann. 1996. The Racial State: Germany, 1933-1945, Nueva York, Cambridge University Press.Carol, Anne. 1995. Histoire de l´eugénisme en France: Les médecins et la procréation, XIX-XXe siècles, París, Editions du Seuil.Carrel, Alexis. 1936. “The Mystery of Death”, en Galdston, Iago (comp.), Medicine and Mankind, Nueva York, D-Appleton-Century Company.Carrel, Alexis. 1944. La Prière, París, Plon.Carrel, Alexis. 1948. Le Voyage de Lourdes, París, Plon.Carrel, Alexis. 1950. Réflexions sur la conduite de la vie, París, Plon.Carrel, Alexis. 1994(1935). La incógnita del hombre, Barcelona, Iberia.Carson, Eloy Axel. 2001. The Unfit: History of a Bad Idea, Nueva York, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.Chambers, Robert W. y Joseph T. Durkin (comps.). 1973. Papers of the Alexis Carrel Centennial Conference, Washington DC, Georgetown University Press.Choueiri, Youssef M. 1997. Islamic Fundamentalism, Boston, Twayne Publishers.Clarke, Jackie. 2001. “Engineering a New Order in the 1930s: The Case of Jean Coutrot”, en French Historical Studies, núm. 1.Conan, Eric y Henri Rousso. 1994. Vichy, ce passé qui ne passe pas, París, Fayard.Didier Delorme, Henriette D. 1963. Alexis Carrel, 1873-1944, humaniste chrétien, Prix Nobel, París, Apostolat de la Presse.Dikotter, Frank. 1998. “Race Culture: Recent Perspectives on the History of Eugenics”, en American Historical Review, n.m. 103.Dowbiggin, Ian R. 1997. Keeping America Sane: Psychiatry and Eugenics in the United States and Canada, 1880-1940, Ithaca, Cornell University Press.Drouard, Alain. 1995. Alexis Carrel (1873-1944): De la mémoire à l´histoire, París, L´Harmattan.Duhamel, Georges. 1930 Scènes de la vie future, París, Mercure de France.Durkin, Joseph. 1964. Alexis Carrel on Man and Society, Nueva York, Harper & Row.Edwards, William S. 1974. Alexis Carrel: Visionary Surgeon, Springfield, Charles C. Thomas Publisher.Fosdick, Raymond. 1924. Wanted: An Aristotle, Garden City, Doubleday, Doran & Company.Fosdick, Raymond. 1928 The Old Savage in the New Civilization, Garden City, Doubleday, Doran & Company.Gallagher, Nancy. 1999. Breeding Better Vermonteers: The Eugenics Project in the Green Mountain State, Hanover, University Press of New England.García González, Armando. 1999. En busca de la raza perfecta: eugenesia e higiene en Cuba (1898-1958), Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.
Gillon, Jean-Jacques. 1951. “Les aspects essentiels de l´oeuvre médical d´Alexis Carrel”, en Le concours médical, 11 de octubre.Gunnar Broberg y Nils Roll-Hansen (comps.) 1996. Eugenics and the Welfare State: Sterilization Policy in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland, East Lansing, Michigan State University Press.Hawkes, Nigel. 2000. “Clones Raises Transplant Hopes”, en The Times, 15 de marzo.Hawkes, Nigel. 2000. “Dolly et les cinq petits cochons”, en www.humanite.presse.fr, 15 de marzo.Herf, Jeffrey. 1991. El modernismo reaccionario: tecnología, cultura y política en Weimar y el Tercer Reich, México, FCE.Herman, Arthur. 1997. La idea de la decadencia en occidente, Santiago de Chile, Andrés Bello.Iatria. 1953. Revista de la Federación de Consorcios de Médicos Católicos de la Argentina, núm. 122.Kevles, Daniel J. 1985. In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity, Nueva York, Knopf.Lawrence, Christopher y George Weisz. 1998. Greater than the Parts: Holism and Biomedicine, 1920-1950, Nueva York, Oxford University Press.Le Vay, David. 1996. Alexis Carrel: The Perfectibility of Man, Rockville, Kabel Publishing.Lecoq, Benoît. 1986. “L´ édition et la science”, en Martin, Henri-Jean, Roger Chartier y Jean-Pierre Vivet, Histoire de l´édition française, vol. 4, París, Promodis.Lelotte, Fernand (comp.). 1953. Convertis du XXe siècle, París, Casterman.Loubet de Bayle, Jean-Marie. 1969. Les inconformistes des années trente, París, Editions du Seuil.Malinin, Theodore I. 1979. Surgery and Life: The Extraordinary Career of Alexis Carrel, Nueva York, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.Nau, Jean-Yves. 2000. “Le passé encombrant d´Alexis Carrel”, en Le Monde, 18 de agosto. Nies, Betsy L. 2002. Eugenic Fantasies: Racial Ideologes in the Literature and Popular Culture of the 1920s, Nueva York, Routledge.Nye, Robert A. 1993. “The Rise and Fall of the Eugenics Empire: Recent Perspectives on the Impact of Biomedical Thought in Modern Society”, en Historical Journal, núm.36.O´Brien, John A. 1960. Roads to Rome: The Intimate Personal Stories of Converts to the Catholic Faith, Nueva York, MacMillan.Ordover, Nancy. 2003. American Eugenics: Race, Gender, Queer Anatomy an the Science of Nationalism, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press.Palena, Héctor. 2004 Gobernar es seleccionar: apuntes sobre eugenesia, Buenos Aires, Jorge Baudino Ediciones.Pauly, Philip J. 1993. “The Eugenics Industry-Growth or Restructuring?”, en Journal of the History of Biology, n.m. 26.Reggiani, Andrés H. 2000. “Los ´años negros´ (1940-1944): memoria e historia del pasado reciente en Francia”, en Taller. Revista de sociedad, política y cultura, núm. 12.Reggiani, Andrés H. 2002. “Alexis Carrel, the Unknown: Eugenics and Population Politics under Vichy”, en French Historical Studies, núm. 2.Reggiani, Andrés H. 2005. “Staging Science, Selling Eugenics: Technical Expertise, Public Opinion and Biopolitics in Alexis CarrelÕs Man the Unknown", en Codgell, Christina y Sue Currell (comps.), Making It Modern: Eugenics and Popular Culture in the 1930s, Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society.Reilly, Philip R. 1991. The Surgical Solution: A History of Involuntary Sterilization in the United States, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press.Rousso, Henri. 1987 Le Syndrome de Vichy, Par.s, Editions du Seuil.Schneider, William. 1990. Quality and Quantity: The Quest for Biological Regeneration in Twentieth-Century France, Nueva York, Cambridge University Press.Selden, Steven y Ashley Montagu. 1999. Inheriting Shame: The Story of Eugenics and Racism in America, Nueva York, Teacher´s College Press.Simon, Catherine. 1993. “Algérie, d´une violence à l´autre”, en Le Monde, 25 de noviembre.Soupault, Robert. 1952. Alexis Carrel, París, Plon.Stepan, Nancy L. 1991. “The Hour of Eugenics”: Race, Gender, and the Nation in Latin America, Ithaca, Cornell University Press.Tucker, William H. 1994. The Science and Politics of Racial Research, Urbana, Illinois, University of Illinois Press.Walther, Rudolf. 2003. “Die seltsamen Lehren des Doktor Carrel”, en Die Zeit, núm. 32.Weindling, Paul. 1989. Health, Race, and German Politics between National Unification and Nazism,Weindling, Paul. 1870-1945, Nueva York, Cambridge University Press.Witowski, Jan. 1979. “Alexis Carrel and the Mysticism of Tissue Culture”, en Medical History, núm. 23.ARCHIVOSArchivos Alexis Carrel (AAC), Georgetown University.Archivos de la Secretaría de Salud Pública
The Importance of Place in the Definition of Aboriginality in Aboriginal Women’s Fiction
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Protecting wound edges from infection using an Alexis wound retractor
No full textWstęp. Zakażenia ran operacyjnych towarzyszą ludzkości od zarania dziejów. Przez wieki były jedną z głównych przyczyn zgonów. Pomimo rozwoju wielu dziedzin życia, postęp w ich leczeniu nastąpił faktycznie w ciągu ostatnich stu siedemdziesięciu lat. Niemniej jednak problem zakażeń ran operacyjnych jest nadal aktualny pomimo szerokiego zastosowania działań profilaktycznych. Uważa się, że ilość tego rodzaju zakażeń jest jednym z najistotniej-szych wyznaczników rozwoju medycyny. Autorzy założyli, że zastosowanie jednorazowego retraktora ran Alexis zmniejszy ilość zakażeń ran operacyjnych, w szczególności u chorych wysokiego ryzyka. Materiał i metoda. W celu rozwiązania problemu badawczego zastosowano metodę badań reprezentacyjnych, a jako narzędzie badawcze posłużył arkusz analizy dokumentów. Autorzy przyjęli, że badanie będzie wiarygodne, gdy ryzyko zakażenia rany operacyjnej będzie odpowiednio duże. Chorzy, spełniający założone kryteria, zostali zakwalifikowani do dwóch losowo z kompletowanych grup. Obie grupy liczyły po 15 osób, przy czym wiek grupy badanej wahał się pomiędzy 54-83 lat, zaś grupy kontrolnej 57-86 lat. W grupie badanej stosowano retraktor, w grupie kontrolnej nie. Rana operacyjna była oceniana w trakcie hospitalizacji pacjenta codziennie, a po wy-pisaniu z oddziału okresowo do 30-ego dnia po operacji. W przypadku pojawienia się infekcji w ranie, została ona potwierdzona bada-niem mikrobiologicznym. Wyniki i wnioski. W oparciu o analizę wyników badań można stwierdzić, że u chorych z grupy podwyższonego ryzyka zastosowanie retraktora ran operacyjnych Alexis zmniejsza prawdopodobieństwo zakażenia rany operacyjnej, a skuteczna mechaniczna protekcja rany operacyjnej powinna stać się stałym elementem działań profilaktycznych zmierzających do ograniczenia ilości zakażeń ran operacyjny.Introduction. The infections of surgical wounds have been very much around since the beginnings of mankind. For ages they have been one of the predominant causes of death. Despite the fact that many aspects of life have undergone rapid developments, the progress in surgical wound treatment emerged during the last 170 years. Nevertheless, the problem of surgical wound infection is still a threat even despite many preventive actions. It is widely acknowledged that the number of those infections is one of the most crucial indicator of the development of medicine. The author has assumed that the use of a disposable Alexis wound retractor is going to decrease the number of surgical infections, especially among high-risk patients. The material and the method. In order to solve the research problem, the sampling procedure method was used. The research instrument was document analysis worksheet. The authors assumed that the re-search would be more credible if the risk of surgical wound infection is high enough. The patients who met the criteria were divided randomly into two groups. Both groups had 15 people; their ages varied from 54 to 83 in the sample group and from 57 to 86 in the control group. The retractor was used in the sample group and not in the control group. The surgical wounds were assessed each day while the patient stayed at the hospital, and after that periodically until 30 days after the operation. If the wound started showing indications of an infection, a microbiological test was run to confirm it. The results and conclusions. Judging by the analysis of the research results, one can conclude that the use of an Alexis surgical wound retractor on high-risk patients decreases the probability of a wound infection and the effective mechanical protection of surgical wounds should become a constant element of preventive actions aimed at limiting the number of surgical wound infections
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Oriental enlightenment: the problematic military experiences and cultural claims of Count Maurice Auguste comte de Benyowsky in Formosa during 1771
No full textMaurice Benyowsky's colourful version of his global adventures during the heady, expansive days of the late-Enlightenment remains still as an historical account, and is perhaps destined for reification at a time of romantic, postmodernist cultural affirmation. Yet this paper argues that within it there lies a virile and possibly dangerous Orientalism, one at least partially based upon a lurid, opportunistic and self-seeking fabrication of his visit to Taiwan (Formosa) in the year 1771. This paper examines the veracity, provenance and historiography of the Benyowsky account of late-eighteenth century Formosa, both as an exercise in one facet of Taiwanese history and as some exploration of the origin and maintenance of European views of the "other" and of the "orient" as they were transforming during the late-Enlightenment period. Furthermore a principal task is to provide an historiographical analysis that illustrates both the initial reasons for the acceptance of Benyowsky's lurid account as well as the wider contexts of its long life as a seemingly reliable and authentic tale. Questions remain as to the cultural contexts of any general acceptance of otherwise doubtful stories, experiments, claims and "adventures". Here there is little doubt that the original Memoirs were given greater credence by Benyowsky's talent in self-fashioning his character and status as those of a reliable gentleman
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