243 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121231208266 – Supplemental material for Molecular characterization of genetic mutations with fitness loss in pulmonary tuberculosis patients associated with HIV co-infection in Northwest Amhara, Ethiopia
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121231208266 for Molecular characterization of genetic mutations with fitness loss in pulmonary tuberculosis patients associated with HIV co-infection in Northwest Amhara, Ethiopia by Aynias Seid, Meseret Kassa, Yilak Girma, Eseye Dereb, Semira Nureddin, Ayenesh Abebe and Nega Berhane in SAGE Open Medicine</p
Measuring newborn foot length to estimate gestational age in a high risk Northwest Ethiopian population.
No full textIntroductionPreterm birth is defined as all births before 37 completed weeks of gestation. Globally, the prevalence rate of preterm birth ranges from 47.5 to 137 per 1000 live births. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of preterm birth is 10.1%. Several anthropometric parameters, particularly, head circumference and foot length(FL) have been used as a proxy measure for gestational age(GA).ObjectiveTo assess the use of newborn foot length as a screening tool to identify preterm newborns and correlation factors at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (UOG CSH), Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsInstitutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 205 newborns admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit, UOG CSH. Systematic sampling technique was employed. Optimal cutoff newborn foot length and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated by the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to assess the power of foot length measurement to diagnosis prematurity.ResultsThe mean foot length was 7.41±0.67 cm with a range of 5.4-8.6 cm. Gestational age had a significant strong positive correlation with foot length(r = 0.865). The regression equation derived was GA = 4.5*FL + 3.61. Foot length had strong power (AUC = 0.99) to differentiate preterm from term newborns. A threshold newborn foot length of ≤7.35 cm had a sensitivity and specificity of 98.5% and 96.3%, respectively to predict prematurity.ConclusionFoot length had a high sensitivity and specificity in identifying preterm newborns, making it a reliable tool to identify preterm birth in a rural setting
The hidden vanguard: Black Panther women, 2000
No full textThe study examined the experiences of twenty women who were members of the Black Panther Party from the late 1960s to the early 1980s. This work has been classified within an African American womanist theoretical framework, which acknowledges simultaneous oppressions of race, class and gender. This study was based on the need to understand the vital role that Black women played in the Black Panther Party. Its purpose is to give voice to those women whose participation and experiences have been ignored, but whose lives helped shape the meaning of the Black Panther Party. A questionnaire was constructed to allow each woman to emphasize important events in her life which influenced her decision to join the Black Panther Party. Indepth interviews provided the data to construct a biography for each woman. The findings revealed that Black Panther women demonstrated political involvement by establishing community groups. In addition, Black Panther women were active leaders in other civic, religious, social and neighborhoods organizations
Modeling Time To Neonatal Mortality at Wallaga University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: Application of Bayesian Survival Model with INLA
No full textBackground: The neonatal period is the most vulnerable time for survival in which
children face the highest risk of dying in their lives. Although, better progress has
been made in reducing Neonatal Mortality before 2016, Ethiopia is currently one of
the top ten countries affected by NM. Therefore, this study aims to utilize Bayesian
Survival Models to analyze and model the time to neonatal mortality at WUCSH.
Methods: A retrospective study of was conducted among 343 neonates admitted to
WUCSHfromJanuary 1, 2022 to December 30, 2023. A Bayesian survival model
with INLA was used to identify the risk factors associated with time to neonatal
mortality.
Results: Among the 343 neonates admitted to WUCSH, 187 (54.52%) were male,
and more male were died, that means 61 (17.78%). The variable residence (p =
0.0220), gestational age (p = 0.0355), neonate age (p = 0.0048), and the global test (p
= 0.0042) in multivariate Cox-PH were shows a statistically significant violation of
the proportional hazards assumption. In the Bayesian Log-logistic AFT model, rural
residence with AFT factor ˆγ= 0.573 (-0.975,-0.137), had significantly shorter survival
time. Conversely, being married was associated with longer neonatal survival with
AFTfactor ˆγ = 1.817(0.078, 1.117).
Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings of this study shows that residence, neonate
sex, gestational age, marital status, age of neonate and birth weight are the most
determinant and statistically associated with time to neonatal mortality. It is therefore
awareness should be raised about the burden of these risk factors contributing to
neonatal mortalit
Causes and effects of Employee Turnover: the case Ethiopian Revenue and Customs Authority Jimma Branch Office
No full textThis study aims at analyzing the causes and impacts of turnover on Ethiopian Revenue and
Customs Authority and particularly the case of Jimma branch office.
In order to identify the causes and effects of the staff turnover in Ethiopian
Revenue and Customs Authority Jimma Branch office, the research used both
primary and secondary data. In order to make the study more reliable census
method was used. With regard to primary data, first hand data was collected
through questionnaire filled by twelve (12) terminated and all the existing nonmanagement and management staffs of the organization which is 172. Moreover
data about the trend of both existing and terminated staff were collected from
the organization's human resource department. The research is quantitative.
Analysis was done using descriptive, correlation and regression techniques, by
the use of SPSS version 20 for windows.
From the study it was seen that the main causes of employee turnover emanates
from internal factors prevailing in the organization on which the organization
has control over. The study also finds the negative effect of employee turnover
on organizational effectiveness and employee performance
GIS based annual soil loss estimation with revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) in the upper Meki sub-catchment, rift valley sub-basin, Ethiopia
No full textSoil erosion is the most challenging and major environmental problems in the Upper Meki Sub catchment. Therefore, this work aims to determine the relative influences of erosion governing factors and to estimate the annual soil loss in the sub catchment area using RUSLE model. The model variables including rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), topography (LS), cover and management (C), and support practices (P) were implemented into the GIS environment and a layer of each of these factors was prepared. The estimated value of R, K, LS, C, and P for the sub catchment area ranges from 512 to 604 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 yr-1, 0.137 to 0.169 tons/ha, 0 to 59, 0.001 to 0.4 and 0.10 – 1.00 respectively. The raster values of all these factors were multiplied by using GIS calculator. Based on the results from GIS raster calculation and RUSLE model, the total annual potential soil loss from the sub catchment area is about 2,756,540 tons per year with a mean estimated soil loss rate of 28.12 + 34.77 t/ha/yr and the total actual annual soil loss is 492929 tons with an estimated erosion rate of 37.05 + 46.7 t/ha/yr. Rainfall is identified as the most sensitive factor of soil erosion in the sub catchment area. Our estimation of soil erosion provides notional basses that the area needs immediate action to sustain the soil. Nevertheless, further research on severity analysis and area prioritization, and sediment loss estimation in this watershed is highly recommended to develop practical way of conserving practices
Spatiotemporal patterns of water hyacinth dynamics as a response to seasonal climate variability in Lake Tana, Ethiopia
No full textAbstract Lake Tana, which is the largest Lake in Ethiopia, has been invaded by water hyacinths since 2011. Although the government and the community have devoted considerable time and energy over a long period to removing the invasive weed mechanically and manually, the weed has been increasing significantly. Accurate, reliable, and timely information on the spatiotemporal distribution and extent of water hyacinth is crucial to determine its evolution, propagation, and potentially vulnerable areas of the Lake. Therefore, comprehensive information on the spatial distribution of water hyacinths and their annual and seasonal variability is essential for Lake Tana’s water resource planning, development, and management. This study aims to evaluate the spatiotemporal pattern of water hyacinth and its dynamics with seasonal climate variability and impact on evapotranspiration. Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 8 OLI, and Sentinel 2 and meteorological datasets were employed. Supervised and manual digitization image classification methods were applied to prepare Land-use/ Land-cover in the Lake. The Mann–Kendall trend test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to evaluate the trend of water hyacinth and the impact of climate variability on water hyacinth distribution respectively. Besides, the evapotranspiration and water losses were estimated using the FAO-56 Penman–Monteith method. The surface extent of the water hyacinth in Lake Tana has increased by 96% in 2019 from 2011. However, the surface area of the Lake has declined. That means 1603 ha of water surface area has been changed to land surface from 2011 to 2019. The average volume of water loss in Lake Tana was 0.21% of the volume of the Lake from September 2016 to December 2018
Human Health Risk Assessment for Consumption of Vegetable Cultivated by Fertigation of Municipal Solid Waste Compost with Natural Soil in Jimma Town, Ethiopia
No full textBackground: Heavy metal pollution is a menace to our environment as they are foremost
contaminating agents of our food supply, especially vegetables. This is great concern to the
public health, agricultural production, and environmental health.
Objective: to assess human health risk for consumption of vegetable cultivated by
fertigation of municipal solid waste compost with natural soil in Jimma town, Ethiopia.
Methods: The study was conducted in Jimma town 2019 by using cross sectional study
design. The samples were collected during dry season for heavy metal analysis from two
sites (Abdi Jimma and Aba Milki sites). Heavy metal concentration was analyzed by atomic
absorption spectrophotometer. Health risks associated with these heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr,
Pb, Cu and Zn) from consumption of vegetable (tomato, beetroot, lettuce, onion and
spinach) were assessed based on total hazard quotients:
Findings: The concentration of heavy metals in edible parts of vegetables increase in
vegetables grown in Abdi Jimma when compared with Aba Milki farm site metal
concentration for Zn, Pb, Cu, and As. The mean metal concentrations in vegetable for
As(0.72) and Zn(65.48) was above the safe limits of World Health Organization’s standards,
while the mean Cd(0.0745), Cr(0.36), Pb(0.176) and Cu(3.33) concentration were below
safe limit. Health risk for As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu and Zn, possess nearly free of risk to the local
in habitants through consumption of contaminated vegetable grown in the area as the value
for total hazard quotient was less than 1, but the long term accumulation of these metal
gradually increase the concentration in the environment and accumulates in the body and
can cause serious health problems.
Conclusions: Natural compost preparation from waste materials requires detail
characterization and selecting waste items with low concentration of heavy metals. Regular
monitoring of heavy metals is essential to prevent excessive build up in the food chain and
prevent serious health risk of population.
Recommendation: the composition of organic fertilizer and the soils from which vegetable
crops can grow should be monitored and regulated
Social rights and economics : claims to health care and education in developing countries
No full textThe author analyzes contemporary rights-based and economic approaches to health care and education in developing countries. He assesses the foundations and uses of social rights in development, outlines an economic approach to improving health and education services, and then highlights the differences, similarities, and the hard questions that the economic critique poses for rights. The author argues that the policy consequences of rights overlap considerably with a modern economic approach. Both the rights-based and the economic approaches are skeptical that electoral politics and de facto market rules provide sufficient accountability for the effective and equitable provision of health and education services, and that further intrasectoral reforms in governance, particularly those that strengthen the hand of service recipients, are needed. There remain differences between the two approaches. Whether procedures for service delivery are ends in themselves, the degree of disaggregation at which outcomes should be assessed, the consequences of long-term deprivation, metrics used for making tradeoffs, and the behavioral distortions that result from subsidies are all areas where the approaches diverge. Even here, however, the differences are not irreconcilable, and advocates of the approaches need not regard each other as antagonists.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Systems Development&Reform,Decentralization,Public Health Promotion,Early Child and Children's Health,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Economics&Finance,Poverty Assessment,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Gender and Education
SCHSTOSOMIASIS IN THE FINCHAA RIVER VALLEY, WELLEGA REGION, WESTERN ETIHIOPIA
No full textABSTRACT:
Parasitological and malacological surveys were carried out in the Finchaa Valley, Wellega Region, western Ethiopia. Stool examination of 960 persons in the 10 communities surveyed showed an average human prevalence of 12.4% for Schistosoma mansoni. Infected individuals were present in 6 communities, but prevalence was greater than 10% in only three of them, reaching 40% among school children in one community. In endemic localities, the intensity of infection in terms of eggs per gram of faeces were 200 and 199 among school children and farm labours respectively. The age specific prevalence and intensity of infection were highest among the 5-14 year age group. The intermediate host of S. mansoni, Biomphalaria pfeifferi were collected from three sites, but transmission was identified at only one site located in the lower portion of the valley. Bulinus truncatus, the potential intermediate host of S. haematobium in Ethiopia, was also present in the area. The occurrence of infected human subjects and snail intermediate host confirm that Schistosoma mansoni is well established in the valley, particularly in the lower portion where a large irrigation development is under way. In this report, the threat posed by both S. Mansoni and S. haematobium is discussed and the preventive/control measures to be taken are suggested. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 1993; 7(1):9-15
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