52 research outputs found
The Myth of Ephraim Tutt
Get PDFThe Myth of Ephraim Tutt explores the true and previously untold story behind one of the most elaborate literary hoaxes in American history. Arthur Train was a Harvard-educated and well-respected attorney. He was also a best-selling author. Train’s greatest literary creation was the character Ephraim Tutt, a public-spirited attorney and champion of justice.Guided by compassion and a strong moral compass, Ephraim Tutt commanded a loyal following among general readers and lawyers alike—in fact, Tutt’s fictitious cases were so well-known that attorneys, judges, and law faculty cited them in courtrooms and legal texts. People read Tutt’s legal adventures for more than twenty years, all the while believing their beloved protagonist was merely a character and that Train’s stories were works of fiction. But in 1943 a most unusual event occurred: Ephraim Tutt published his own autobiography. The possibility of Tutt’s existence as an actual human being became a source of confusion, spurring heated debates. One outraged reader sued for fraud, and the legendary lawyer John W. Davis rallied to Train’s defense. While the public questioned whether the autobiography was a hoax or genuine, many book reviewers and editors presented the book as a work of nonfiction. In The Myth of Ephraim Tutt Molly Guptill Manning explores the controversy and the impact of the Ephraim Tutt autobiography on American culture. She also considers Tutt’s ruse in light of other noted incidents of literary hoaxes, such as those ensuing from the publication of works by Clifford Irving, James Frey, and David Rorvik, among others. As with other outstanding fictitious characters in the literary canon, Ephraim Tutt took on a life of his own. Out of affection for his favorite creation, Arthur Train spent the final years of his life crafting an autobiography that would ensure Tutt’s lasting influence—and he was spectacularly successful in this endeavor. Tutt, as the many letters written to him attest, gave comfort to his readers as they faced the challenging years of the Great Depression and World War II and renewed their faith in humanity and justice. Although Tutt’s autobiography bewildered some of his readers, the great majority were glad to have read the “life” story of this cherished character.https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/fac_books/1102/thumbnail.jp
Person-Goal Fit: A New Person-Environment Fit Dimension
Get PDFPerson-environment fit encompasses a wide variety of ways that an individual can fit with his or her environment. A new person-environment fit dimension labeled person-goal fit was introduced in the current study. Person-goal fit is defined as the congruence between an individual���s goal preferences and the goals assigned to him or her (e.g., goals assigned for work tasks). This narrow form of person-environment fit has the potential to aid in our understanding of how congruence can increase positive outcomes at work by accounting for unique variance in important job-related outcomes. Person-goal fit is proposed to be a meaningful and important dimension that can be reliably assessed and displays significant variability between individuals. As such, the purpose of this study was to establish person-goal fit as a PE fit dimension by demonstrating evidence for both construct-related and criterion-related validity. Person-goal fit was conceptualized in this study as the correspondence between two goal dimensions (i.e., difficulty, approach/avoidance) and the theoretically corresponding dispositional trait (i.e., need for achievement and approach/avoidance temperament). It was operationalized in three different ways, which were labeled objective, perceived, and subjective. The outcomes studied were goal commitment, motivation, performance, and satisfaction. This study also examined how and under what conditions person-goal fit leads to higher levels of performance. Goal-specific self-efficacy was expected to mediate, and goal commitment was expected to moderate the relationships between person-goal fit and motivation, performance, and satisfaction.
A 2 (goal difficulty: easy vs. difficult) �� 2 (approach vs. avoid goal) within-subjects experiment was conducted with 365 participants, each performing four tasks. Limited construct- and criterion-related validity were found for person-goal fit. The strongest relationships were found between person-goal fit and hypothesized outcomes when person-goal fit was operationalized as a perception. No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that goal specific self-efficacy would mediate the relationships between person-goal fit and outcomes. Finally, goal commitment was found to moderate the relationships between person-goal fit and intrinsic motivation, goal satisfaction, and performance, but only with the objective operationalization of person-goal fit. The implications of these findings and directions for future person-goal fit research are discussed
Voucher funds in transitional economies : the Czech and Slovak experience
Get PDFVoucher funds have arisen in the transitional economies of Eastern and Central Europe that have used voucher privatization. These funds collect vouchers from citizens and use them to buy shares in enterprises. In the Czech and Slovak Republics, voucher funds are typically organized as corporations owned by the citizens who contributed their vouchers. Recently, they have also been organized as unit trusts (either open-ended or closed). A management company manages the funds under a contract that specifies the management fee. The management company is typically owned by the initial sponsor of the fund - for example, a bank. Voucher funds can give owners a diversified and professionally managed portfolio. More important, the funds select who sits on an enterprise's governance boards (which oversee management and profitability). Although experience is limited, the funds in these two countries have probably stopped most fraud and self-serving by enterprise mangers and are beginning to encourage the restructuring needed for profitability. A few funds have replaced poorly performing or dishonest managers; more often, because qualified replacements are few, they encourage managers to improve performance. There have been complaints about funds'performance. Some have made unrealistic promises to voucher holders and have appointed poorly qualified members to management boards. There is concern about conflicts of interest in the bank-sponsored funds and excessive control of enterprises. Funds typically lack capital or expertise to undertake restructuring - but few other potential owners are likely to be better qualified. The author examines 27 regulations that have been proposed for funds. Regulations in transitional economies, unlike regulations in most western countries, should encourage funds to play a strong role in corporate governance, he contends, as few potential owners have this ability. Most important, regulations should require that funds disclose information about their operations so their owners can monitor and control fund managers. The regulatory regime, the author says, should discourage monopolies and anticompetitive behavior; create incentives for fund managers to improve fund performance; discourage self-serving or fraudulent behavior by fund managers, and conflicts of interest; and eliminate high-risk investments unacceptable to fund owners. Because there is so little experience with these funds, the regulatory regime should not be unduly restrictive. As problems arise, regulations to deal with them can be added.International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Economic Adjustment and Lending,Economic Theory&Research,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Payment Systems&Infrastructure
Dissertatio Theologica, Super Actor. 26, 10. 11. De Reformatione Ecclesiae
No full textQuam ... Sub Praesidio ... Georg. Henrici Kelleri ... Disputandam proponit Author M. Joh. Christophorus Cucuel, Tutt. SS. Th. Stud. in Duc. Stip. Ad dies & Ian
A descriptive study of the attitudes of family members as caregivers toward thier elderly relatives, 1991
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes of family members as caregivers toward their elderly relatives. Family members as caregivers have been the trend for several decades, thus, as the aging population are living longer, the demand for care has been greatly needed for this aging group. The population for this study were 25 African American family members as caregivers to their elderly relatives who were patients at Grady Memorial hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. A random sample was utilized in collecting data for this study. To examine the attitudes and knowledge of the participants, an Attitudinal Assessment Questionnaire was administered. The findings in this study revealed that more of the respondents were female caregivers, and a greater number of male adult siblings were identified than expected. The results of this study revealed the following: family members rather than one family member shared in the responsibility of caring for their elderly relatives; family members were prepared to take on the role as caregivers for their elderly relatives; family members had a change in family lifestyle; and family members experienced burn-out and stress
A Caliphate of Ideas? Islamic Politics in Dialogue with Contemporary Marxism
Get PDFThis article deconstructs the conceptual framework of the social theorist Salman Sayyid by critically examining his work on the political and hegemony in relation to the thought of the post-Marxist philosopher Ernesto Laclau. Sayyid elaborates a theory of the political that necessitates a communal break with existing society, a move very similar to Laclau and post-Marxist thought more generally. In analyzing Sayyid’s theories of the caliphate with Laclau’s conception of hegemonic struggle, the author suggests that the construction of any caliphate should think about the question of solidarity with “plebs” or those discarded from the system of capitalism. The article concludes with an analysis of how Sayyid’s theoretical praxis can be applied in American Muslim political activism through the concept of the counterpublic
The significance of the"Europe agreements"for Central European industrial exports
Get PDFIn 1991 and 1992, the European Union (EU) and the economies in transition of Central and Southern Europe - the CEE-5 (Bulgaria, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland and Romania) - signed the European Association Agreements. The Agreements established a new framework for their mutual economic relationship, including the transition to a free trade regime for industrial products. The importance of the"Europe Agreements"has been underscored by the rapidly shifting trade patterns between the CEE-5 countries and OECD markets, and by the emergence of the EU as their major trading partner. The author examines the significance of the trade concessions granted by the EU to the CEE-5 countries (1) by analyzing the incidence of EU trade barriers on imports from the CEE-5 before and after implementation of the Agreements and (2) by identifying trade flows of groups of industrial products subject to different concessions.He focuses on trade liberalizing measures for industrial products for which a free trade regime should be in place no later than five years after the Agreements are in force. (Excluded are textiles and clothing, discussed in the Uruguay Round of Trade Negotiations.) Overall, the industrial product trade provisions of the Agreements, which affect about 80 percent of CEE-5 exports to the EU, significantly improve those countries'access to EU markets. In 1992, the first year they were in force in Hungary, Poland, and the former Czechoslovakia, the Agreements freed slightly less than 50 percent of total exports to the EU from import duties and nontariff barriers (NTB's). In terms of the 1992 composition of exports, this"free trade"share in total exports increases over five years to about 80 percent for the former Czechoslovakia, 60 percent for Hungary, and 70 percent for Poland. Although there are significant differences in the composition of exports from CEE-5 economies affected by EU trade liberalizing measures, these are the result of varying shares of sensitive (especially agricultural) products across countries, not dissimilar of concessions from the EU. The EU's negotiation approach, as revealed in the Agreements, was to minimize the adverse effects of opening up"sensitive"sectors: the time and the pace of transition tends to be longer and slower for groups of products with higher NTB-coverage ratios and higher average tariffs. Whether by design or not, the variation in products identified in various provisions assures a more equitable treatment of CEE-5 countries, judging from their industrial export patterns in 1990-92.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Agribusiness&Markets,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Trade Policy
Aspects of gulf surges and tropical upper tropospheric troughs in the North American monsoon
Get PDF2011 Fall.Includes bibliographical references.Gulf surges are transient events that propagate along the Gulf of California (GoC) from south to north, transporting cool moist air toward the deserts of northwest Mexico and the southwest United States during the North American monsoon (NAM). The general features and progression of surge events are well studied but the dynamical characteristics and evolution are still unclear. Tropical upper-tropospheric troughs (TUTTs) are another critical transient event occurring during the NAM that enhance precipitation on their western flank. The mechanism of precipitation enhancement associated with TUTT passage needs further refinement as well. To address these unknowns, a number of convection-permitting simulations are performed over the entire core monsoon region for the 12-14 July 2004 gulf surge and TUTT event that occurred during the North American Monsoon Experiment. This allows for extensive comparison with many observational platforms. A control simulation is able to reproduce the surge event reasonably well, capturing all the important observed features on 12 and 13 July. The dynamical evolution of the surge event notes two distinct features, a precursor event on 12 July and the actual surge on 13 July. Using shallow water theory, the feature on 12 July is likely a coastally trapped, slightly non-linear Kelvin wave. This feature is important because it introduces cooler, moister air into the southern and central GoC. The surge signature develops early on 13 July in the southern GoC and is likely a coastally trapped non-linear Kelvin wave throughout its lifetime. Sensitivity simulations show that the convective outflow is critical to the intensity of the simulated surge, in agreement with past studies. The removal of mountain gap flows into the GoC from the Pacific Ocean along the Baja Peninsula shows they are not critical in surge initiation and evolution; the surge and its general character remain. A unique approach to examine the TUTT precipitation enhancement mechanism is used where the vorticity anomaly associated with the TUTT is removed in the initial conditions. It is shown that the TUTT likely enhances convection along the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) through slightly increased shear and slightly more convective available potential energy (CAPE) near the SMO. These slight differences lead to enhanced precipitation and microphysical evolution. The control simulation generates 23% more precipitation during the primary period of TUTT interaction with the SMO and has enhanced graupel, cloud and precipitation ice and supercooled liquid water contents, which is related to changes in lightning production. Finally, two dimensional dry idealized simulations examine some attributes of the observed surge. The GoC LLJ, multiple convective outflows, and slope of the isentropes along the GoC all influence the character of the idealized surge. The slope of the isentropes, which is a consequence of the heat low over the Southwest US, is most important, followed by the convective outflows, and GoC LLJ. The sloped isentropes create a unique thermodynamic environment which significantly impacts gravity wave phenomena like Kelvin waves and bores. Convective outflows modulate surge intensity and its complexity while the GoC LLJ only enhances the surge intensity
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