1,721,004 research outputs found

    The Entrepreneurial Establishment of a Nonprofit Organization

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    The purpose of this paper is to offer an analysis of the nonprofit sector from the entrepreneurial point of view in order to show why the organizational form of nonprofit has arisen and, more precisely, why rational entrepreneurs choose to incorporate their business enterprises under the nonprofit regulation. Since nonprofit associations were formed before the emergence of the tax code, the favorable tax- status alone cannot explain an entrepreneurial preference for the nonprofit form. Tax considerations have then to be combined with other elements. The alternative view proposed in the paper is that the supply of factors such as capital and entrepreneurship provides the motivation for the rise of nonprofit enterprises. The entrepreneur and the managers enjoy control of the activity and see to it that service are produced in such a way as to maximize their net income. They do not ignore nonmonetary income in the sense that they find it rewarding to seek pecuniary gains as well as nonmonetary profits in any given period. To explain why an entrepreneur organizes his business as a nonprofit entity we investigate a theater production process

    Nonprofits Investment Decisions under the Current US Tax Law: Are Nonprofits Departing from Their Mission?

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    Negli ultimi vent’anni la necessità di reperire risorse ha in- dotto le nonprofit a confrontarsi nel mercato secondo logiche con- correnziali. Il presente lavoro intende analizzare gli incentivi of- ferti dalle diverse opportunità di investimento per studiare gli ef- fetti che questi hanno ai fini del perseguimento dell’utilità sociale. L’analisi empirica è volta ad analizzare i fattori che inducono le nonprofit ad investire in attività non direttamente legate agli obi- ettivi dell’organizzazione, con il solo fine quindi di generare un profitto, e le relative conseguenze. Il database utilizzato include un campione di 12474 nonprofit americane che hanno dichiarato nel 1996 un reddito derivante da attività commerciali non legate alla finalità primaria dell’organizzazione. Dall’indagine empirica emerge che per le organizzazioni nonprofit, il profitto generato in attività commerciali non è un fine ma un mezzo per raggiungere le finalità istituzionali dell’organizzazione.Over the past two decades nonprofits organizations have been urged to become more business-like in order to survive and grow, and to depart from the single-minded pursuit of their missions. This paper explores investment decisions of nonprofits under current US tax law, and specifically considers the major effects of choices made by nonprofit organizations to engage in commercial activities. From the empirical investigation conducted using data from form 990 tax return filed in 1996 by a total of 12474 nonprofit charitable orga- nizations emerges that nonprofits prefer not to engage in unrelated business activities, but do so if they feel pressing needs for addi- tional sources of finance
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