1,721,008 research outputs found
Psicofarmaci che diminuiscono l’uso patologico di alcol. Italian Journal of Psychopathology
No full textDiagnostico, aproximaciòn terapéutica y rehabilitacion del alcoholico
No full textEl abuso de alcohol determina problemas y patología
de gran importancia sanitaria y social. Se calculó que en los
países occidentales, donde se vienen registrando sistemáticamente
la incidencia y la prevalencia, el alcoholismo alcanza al
9% de la población con una edad superior a los catorce años.
Alrededor del 20 al 40 % de los pacientes tratados en hospitales
tendrían problemas relacionados con el abuso de alcohol. La
aproximación terapéutica a estos pacientes debe tener en
cuenta los múltiples factores que determinan el alcoholismo
(biológicos, psíquicos, sociales, etc.). Se deberá en primer lugar
tratar el síndrome de abstinencia, caso de producirse. En esta
primera fase es importante iniciar la acogida, que debe ser dirigida
a establecer un contrato terapéutico duradero con el
paciente. Debe hacerse un seguimiento riguroso de las variables
bio-psico-sociales para valorar las distintas alternativas terapéuticas
que van desde la intervención breve hasta actuaciones
más especializadas como psicoterapia individual o grupal hasta
las terapias farmacológicas anticraving. También se abordan las
cuestiones referentes al seguimiento y a la prevención de las
recaídas
Alcohol abuse in heroin addicts: An unfolding metabolic destiny.
No full textViene descritta l'interazione uso di alcol ed eroina e esito del trattament
Deep TMS on alcoholics: effects on cortisolemia and dopamine pathway modulation. A pilot study
No full textThe hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and dopamine have a key role in transition from alcohol social use to addiction. The medial prefrontal cortex was shown to modulate dopaminergic activity and cortisol releasing factor (CRF) release in hypothalamic and extra-hypothalamic systems. The recent advancements in non-invasive neurostimulation technologies has enabled stimulation of deeper brain regions using H-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in humans. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study aims to evaluate H-coil efficacy in stimulating the medial prefrontal cortex. Cortisolemia and prolactinemia were evaluated as effectiveness markers. Alcohol intake and craving were considered as secondary outcomes. Eighteen alcoholics were recruited and randomized into 2 homogeneous groups: 9 in the real stimulation group and 9 in the sham stimulation group. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) was administered through a magnetic stimulator over 10 sessions at 20 Hz, directed to the medial prefrontal cortex. rTMS significantly reduced blood cortisol levels and decreased prolactinemia, thus suggesting dopamine increase. Craving visual analogic scale (VAS) in treated patients decreased, as well as mean number of alcoholic drinks/day and drinks on days of maximum alcohol intake (DMAI). In the sham group there was no significant effect observed on cortisolemia, prolactinemia, mean number of alcoholic drinks/day, or drinks/DMAI. Thus, deep rTMS could be considered a potential new treatment for alcoholism
Fetal alcohol syndrome disorders: Experience on the field. The Lazio study preliminary report
No full textIn Italy, little is known about the problems related to alcohol drinking during pregnancy. In this paper, the Italian literature about this subject is briefly reviewed. This first Italian experience of a field study, aimed to the assessment of the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in an area in the Rome province (Lazio region) is reported. This in-field study was performed in the school years 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 in cooperation with American researchers, most from University of New Mexico (Albuquerque), and Italian researchers from University "la Sapienza" of Rome. First grade children (n° = 1086) of primary school were contacted to enter in the in-school study for the detection of FAS and FASD and were examined by the experts team of clinicians, pediatrics, psychologists. Preliminary consideration and the implications of this study for FASD prevention are discussed
SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE POLYMORPHISM IN ITALIAN ALCOHOLICS
No full textAims. The serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) encodes a transmembrane protein
that plays an important role in regulating serotonergic neurotransmission.
Dysfunction in the serotonergic system is significantly involved in both the
aetiology and maintenance of alcohol misuse. The regulatory region of the
5-HTT gene contains a series of repeated sequences; two common alleles
in this region differ in length by 44 bp. A functional polymorphism in the
promoter region of the 5-HTT gene has been identified and is known to be
associated with altered serotonin activity, with the short (S) form of this polymorphism
being associated with reduced transcriptional efficiency, compared
to the long (L) form, thereby decreasing serotonin transporter expression and
serotonin uptake. We genotyped the 5-HTT gene polymorphism in a set of
alcohol-dependent Italian subjects and controls by PCR.
Methods. Genomic DNA was extracted from 3 ml of peripheral blood by
the salting out technique and amplified with the following oligonucleotide
primers flanking the 5-HTT polymorphic region: 5-HTT F 5-GGCGTTGCCGCTCTGAATTGC-
3 and 5-HTT R 5-GAGGGACTGAGCTGGACAACCCAC-
3. PCR amplification was carried out in a final volume of 50 μl
containing 100 ng DNA and 2.5 mM deoxyribonucleotides, 0.1 μg of sense
and antisense primers, 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.3), 50 mM KCl, 1.5 mM
MgCl2, 5% DMSO, and 1 U of Promega Taq DNA polymerase. Annealing
was carried out at 62◦C for 30 s, extension at 72◦C for 1 min for 35 cycles.
Results. The frequency of the short allele of the 5-HTT gene is significantly
higher among patients compared to control subjects (84% vs 43%).
Conclusions. These results provide evidence that alcohol abuse disorders are
associated with a genetic variant for 5-HT transmission
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