1,091 research outputs found
Real-time processing and visualization of intensive care unit data
No full textThesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (page 83).Intensive care unit (ICU) patients undergo detailed monitoring so that copious information regarding their condition is available to support clinical decision-making. Full utilization of the data depends heavily on its quantity, quality and manner of presentation to the physician at the bedside of a patient. In this thesis, we implemented a visualization system to aid ICU clinicians in collecting, processing, and displaying available ICU data. Our goals for the system are: to be able to receive large quantities of patient data from various sources, to compute complex functions over the data that are able to quantify an ICU patient's condition, to plot the data using a clean and interactive interface, and to be capable of live plot updates upon receiving new data. We made significant headway toward our goals, and we succeeded in creating a highly adaptable visualization system that future developers and users will be able to customize.by Shruthi Narayanan.M. Eng
Investigating Central Chemoreception-based Biomarkers of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP)
No full text2025Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) causes significant mortality in epilepsy, affecting 1:1000 people every year. Preceding SUDEP, patients experienced a final GTC seizure, transient apneas and bradycardia, culminating in terminal apnea and asystole. Failure to recover from postictal hypercapnia and hypoxia (HH) is a critical risk factor for SUDEP. Central chemoreception initiates adaptive cardio-respiratory and autoresuscitation responses to HH changes, and is impaired in epilepsy and SUDEP. We have reported that the Kcna1-/- (KO) model of SUDEP, have increased GTCs, apnea, and chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) preceding SUDEP. We hypothesize that KO mice have impaired central chemoreception and autoresuscitation failure that contributes to their SUDEP susceptibility. We assessed the role of orexin antagonism and CIH in mitigating chemoreception dysfunction in preclinical SUDEP. Using non-invasive cardiorespiratory monitoring, we found that KO mice experienced increased apneas, intermittent bradycardia and hypoxia as they approached SUDEP. Using whole-body plethysmography, we found that high-risk KO mice had elevated ventilatory chemoresponses to a mild HH challenge (mimicking transient apnea) while 71% of KO mice failed to survive a severe HH challenge (mimicking terminal apnea). We next determined whether chemosensing orexin was involved in these responses. Orexin neurons exhibited exaggerated ex vivo chemosensitivity to low pH and may be upstream of the altered HH chemoresponses. Blocking orexin receptors improved cardio-respiration, oxygen saturation, and longevity of KO mice. It also rescued their in vivo ventilatory chemoresponses during mild and severe HH challenge and enabled survival. In response to a novel anoxia-autoresuscitation test (97% N₂, 3% CO₂), a majority of KO mice (~80%) had altered ventilatory chemoresponses and gasping parameters and succumbed to autoresuscitation failure and death. The risk of autoresuscitation failure increased with higher SUDEP risk. CIH pretreatment rescued ventilatory chemoresponses, improved gasping and enabled a majority of high-risk KO mice to autoresuscitate successfully and survive. Overall, these findings provide strong evidence that central chemoreception dysfunction contributes to autoresuscitation failure and death in a preclinical SUDEP model. We identified novel chemoreception-based cardiorespiratory biomarkers that may serve as predictors of SUDEP risk. This work highlights orexinergic pathway and CIH as promising targets for future SUDEP prevention studies
Occurrence of Dental Abnormalities in Hemophilic Patients in the City of Davangere, Karnataka, India
No full textABSTRACT
Aim
This study was carried out to determine the level of awareness about the importance of oral health in hemophilic children and their caretakers as well as to examine the oral condition in children with hemophilia and compare them to general population.
Materials and methods
A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the city of Davangere. The study consists of total 100 children which were divided into group I —children having hemophilia (n = 50) and group II—normal healthy children (n = 50) of age 3 to 18 years. The oral cavity of both the groups was examined to assess to detect presence of any hard and soft tissue anomalies. By interviewing the parents of hemophilic patients, their demographic data, family history, and knowledge and understanding of value of oral health were assessed. Data were analyzed by chi-square and student’s unpaired t-test.
Results
No significant difference in the presence of oral anomalies in both the groups was observed.
Conclusion
The study concluded that there is no major difference in the prevalence of dental abnormalities in hemophilic and healthy children. Also, educating the mass about oral health and maintenance is as important as treating the hemophilic patient for oral diseases.
How to cite this article
Nagaveni NB, Yadav S, Poornima P, Bharath KP, Mathew MG, Shruthi AS. Occurrence of Dental Abnormalities in Hemophilic Patients in the City of Davangere, Karnataka, India. CODS J Dent 2016;8(1):1-5.
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Excitatory and Inhibitory Descending Commissural Interneurons Differentially Integrate Supraspinal and Segmental Sensory Signals
No full textThe limited information about how descending inputs from the brain and sensory inputs from the periphery use spinal cord
interneurons (INs) is a major barrier to understanding how these inputs may contribute to motor functions under normal
and pathologic conditions. Commissural interneurons (CINs) are a heterogeneous population of spinal INs that has been
implicated in crossed motor responses and bilateral motor coordination (ability to use the right and left side of the body in
a coordinated manner) and, therefore, are likely involved in many types of movement (e.g., dynamic posture stabilization,
jumping, kicking, walking). In this study, we incorporate mouse genetics, anatomy, electrophysiology, and single-cell calcium
imaging to investigate how a subset of CINs, those with descending axons called dCINs, are recruited by descending reticulospinal
and segmental sensory signals independently and in combination. We focus on two groups of dCINs set apart by their
principal neurotransmitter (glutamate and GABA) and identified as VGluT21 dCINs and GAD21 dCINs. We show that
VGluT21 and GAD21 dCINs are both extensively recruited by reticulospinal and sensory input alone but that VGluT21
and GAD21 dCINs integrate these inputs differently. Critically, we find that when recruitment depends on the combined
action of reticulospinal and sensory inputs (subthreshold inputs), VGluT21 dCINs, but not GAD21 dCINs, are recruited.
This difference in the integrative capacity of VGluT21 and GAD21 dCINs represents a circuit mechanism that the reticulospinal
and segmental sensory systems may avail themselves of to regulate motor behaviors both normally and after injury
Adapting TCP/IP protocol to a Time-Slotted NFC Channel present in a Wireless Power Environment
No full textKitchen is becoming a hotbed for innovation in the Internet of Things (IoT) revolution. Many kitchen appliances are being connected to the Internet to facilitate `smart-cooking'. The appliances are becoming cordless too, i.e., they are being powered by the inductive power sources which are integrated into the kitchen counter-tops. The Wireless Power Consortium (WPC) has proposed standards for smart-cooking in cordless kitchens by enabling communication using the near field communication (NFC) protocol between the appliance and the power transmitter. In order to keep the appliances safe as well as reduce the cost of the appliances, it is required that the NFC channel should be exploited to enable Internet connectivity in the appliances. However, due to practical constraints, the NFC channel is time-slotted. Furthermore, this NFC channel has low data rates and high latencies. These constraints make it highly challenging to enable Internet connectivity for these resource-constrained cooking appliances for IoT applications.This thesis explores different ways of providing Internet connectivity to the cordless kitchen appliances using the time-slotted NFC channel. Two architectures are proposed based on this method, namely the Proxy and the Bridge architectures. In the proxy architecture, the cordless appliances implement only the application layer and tunnel the application data through the NFC channel which will then be used by the power source to create TCP/IP packets for the appliance. In the bridge architecture, the appliances implement all the layers of the TCP/IP network stack. All the TCP/IP traffic is sent through the NFC channel and the power source acts as an intermediate hop. These architectures are evaluated in detail to determine the best-suited architecture. The thesis concludes that the bridge architecture, although heavy on the appliances, truly creates an IoT-enabled appliance, and therefore adopts it.While it is proposed to send the complete TCP/IP packets to go over the NFCchannel, the impact on the performance of the protocols needs to be investigated, specifically the TCP as it is the most used protocol for IoT applications. The performance of the TCP will be affected due to several reasons: (a) the time-slotted NFC channel; (b) low data rates on the NFC; (c) delays in accessing the NFC channel, and (d) no control over the network stack of the other TCP end-point. Furthermore, the behavior of the TCP in such resource-constrained channels aggravate the problems as spurious retransmissions get triggered. This work presents important challenges that need to be solved in order to enable the TCP to work smoothly in the time-slotted NFC channels. Two major performance problems that occur in such an environment are identified, viz., spurious retransmissions and packet drops at the NFC interface. The existence of the problems are verified with an experimental setup of the cordless kitchen and solutions are presented to these challenges: (a) determine the optimal retransmission timeout and the heuristic, and (b) avoid packet drops due to small inter-packet delay on the NFC channel. Next, a detailed parametric analysis of the other TCP parameters such as contention window size and maximum segment size of the TCP packets is performed.From the evaluation, it is found that the proposed solutions can almost completely eliminate spurious retransmissions. With these solutions up to 38% reduction in the system latency is achieved at an NFC bit rate of 11.2 kbps and up to 53% at 24 kbps in the time-slotted mode. By implementing these solutions and choosing the right parameter values for the TCP, it is possible to seamlessly adapt and use the TCP for the time-slotted and resource-constrained NFC channel, and enable a truly IoT-based cooking experience for the smart cordless kitchens
Optimizing representations for integrative structural modeling using Bayesian model selection
No full text<p>Integrative structural modeling combines data from experiments, physical principles, statistics of previous structures, and prior models to obtain structures of macromolecular assemblies that are challenging to characterize experimentally. The choice of model representation is a key decision in integrative modeling, as it dictates the accuracy of scoring, efficiency of sampling, and resolution of analysis. But currently, the choice is usually made <i>ad hoc</i>, manually. Here, we have deposited NestOR (<strong>Nest</strong>ed Sampling for <strong>O</strong>ptimizing <strong>R</strong>epresentation), a fully automated, statistically rigorous method based on Bayesian model selection to identify the optimal coarse-grained representation for a given integrative modeling setup. We have also deposited a benchmark of four macromolecular assemblies which was used to assess the performance of NestOR.</p>
Ag:Y2O3-SnO2 core-shell-based nanostructured sensor for achieving high ammonia sensing performance
No full textOwing to the requirement for high-performing and low-cost gas sensors, Ag:Y2O3-SnO2 core-shell nanocomposites were fabricated for high-efficiency gas sensing applications. Thick film sensor of Ag:Y2O3-SnO2 was prepared through a simple slurry coating method and tested towards various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Ag:Y2O3-SnO2 sensor has exhibited superior sensing performance and good stability at room temperature when introduced to low concentrations (1 ppm) of ammonia. Ag:Y2O3-SnO2 sensor has shown a rapid response time (2 s) and recovery time (8 s) as well as increased sensitivity (similar to 1496) towards 100 ppm of ammonia at room temperature. HR-TEM results show the core-shell structure of Ag:Y2O3-SnO2 with sizes around 6-18 nm. The sensing performance of the Ag: Ag:Y2O3-SnO2 sensor is shown extensively high compared to the pure Y2O3, SnO2 and Ag:Y2O3-SnO2 sensors.
Mucous membrane pemphigoid presenting as bleeding gums and burning sensation of mouth: a case report
No full textDental practitioners may encounter various oral mucosal diseases. Oral lesions can be the early
manifestation of many systemic diseases. Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a chronic, auto immune
vesiculobullous lesion involving the mucocutaneous structures. It is important for a dental surgeon to be
aware of oral presentations of MMP. Early and accurate diagnosis of this rare clinical entity is essential for
the effective management of the lesions which may reduce or lessen disease progression. Present case
report highlights the clinical presentations of MMP affecting the oral mucosa along with diagnostic features
The cAMP inducible promoter of long noncoding RNA LINC00473 is widely conserved in vertebrates
No full textThe long noncoding RNA LINC00473 (LNC473) is thought to regulate brain function through
its role in CREB-dependent gene expression. Frequently cited as a gene conserved only in
primate species, we found that LNC473’s promoter (which regulates expression of the gene) is
highly conserved in non-primate species, although the function of this conserved sequence in
non-primate species is unknown. The conserved human LNC473 promoter contains two separate
sequences known as cyclic AMP response elements (CREs). These CREs are targets for CREB
protein binding after its activation via the intracellular cAMP signalling pathway. Both LNC473
promoter CREs are fully conserved as distantly as the armadillo. To evaluate cAMP
responsiveness of the LNC473 promoter, we will clone the conserved promoter sequence from
mice and examine its ability to regulate the bioluminescent reporter gene firefly luciferase in
human and mouse cells that are stimulated with forskolin to increase cAMP signalling and
activate CREB. Luciferase assays will be performed to infer promoter activity based on
luminescence in forskolin and control treated cells. Our results will test the cAMP inducibility of
the conserved LNC473 promoter in a non-primate species. Future directions include
investigation into the genes regulated by the LNC473 promoter in non-primate species
Synthetic Tripeptides as Inhibitors of Angiotensin I‐Converting Enzyme
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
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