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An Overview about Criticalities in the Modelling of Multi-Sector and Multi-Energy Systems
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Energy flexible heat pumps - Reference cycle requirements and the effects of the on-board energy flexibility interfaces
No full textDomestic Demand-Side Management (DSM): Role of Heat Pumps and Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems
No full textHeat pumps are seen as a promising technology for load management in the built environment, in combination with the smart grid concept. They can be coupled with thermal energy storage (TES) systems to shift electrical loads from high-peak to off-peak hours, thus serving as a powerful tool in demand-side management (DSM). This paper analyzes heat pumps with radiators or underfloor heating distribution systems coupled with TES with a view to showing how a heat pump system behaves and how it influences the building occupants’ thermal comfort under a DSM strategy designed to flatten the shape of the electricity load curve by switching off the heat pump during peak hours (16:00-19:00). The reference scenario for the analysis was Northern Ireland (UK). The results showed that the heat pump is a good tool for the purposes of DSM, also thanks to the use of TES systems, in particular with heating distribution systems that have a low thermal inertia, e.g. radiators. It proved possible to achieve a good control of the indoor temperature, even if the heat pump was turned off for 3 hours, and to reduce the electricity bill if a “time of use” tariff structure was adopted
Quantification of the energy flexibility of residential building clusters: Impact of long-term refurbishment strategies of the italian building stock
Full text linkA major refurbishment of the building stock is necessary to achieve the objectives of the energy transition. In addition to decreasing the overall energy demand, the energy efficiency of buildings can create a non-negligible reserve of flexibility and resilience for the entire energy system. Long-term refurbishment strategies can have an impact on such potential of the building sector that is still not widely exploited. In this work the objective is to quantify the influence of long-term refurbishment strategies, planned until 2050, on the energy flexibility reserve of the entire building stock. Reference clusters of residential buildings have been modelled to represent the current and future scenarios of the Italian building stock. Lumped parameter models representing archetypes of residential buildings are implemented to represent the Italian building stock. Current statistics on the composition of the building stock have been combined with European refurbishment targets to 2050 to define the current and future scenarios of the Italian building stock. Since the topic of quantifying the energy flexibility of clusters of buildings is still rather open, this study proposes an analysis based on a combination of different indicators derived from the literature and proposed ad hoc by the authors. They include flexibility curves, that correlate the demand of the cluster to the penalty signal (e.g., a price signal), and flexibility indicators for the comparison between the scenarios with and without activation of energy flexibility. The results quantify the impact of Italian building stock refurbishment strategies on flexibility reserve and efficiency targets. It has been estimated that the maximum electrical power shiftable (both upward and downward) by activating the energy flexibility of the whole building stock can reach 17.9 GWe in 2050. While in terms of energy, the following amounts of average daily shiftable energies have been obtained: from −34.4 to + 13.6 GWhe in 2030, from −75.4 to + 16.2 GWhe in 2040 and up to −113.5 to + 45.8 GWhe in 2050, that represent around 2% of the present Italian electricity demand
State of the art of thermal storage for demand side management
No full textThermal energy storage (TES) is widely recognized as a means to integrate renewable energies into the
electricity production mix on the generation side, but its applicability to the demand side is also possible.
In recent decades, TES systems have demonstrated a capability to shift electrical loads from high-peak to
off-peak hours, so they have the potential to become a powerful instrument in demand-side management
programs (DSM). Thermal storage is a technology that ensures energy security, efficiency and environmental
quality. Of particular interest are applications where TES systems help manage the mismatch
between availability of renewable electricity and the demand for electricity in buildings where hot water,
heating and cooling are delivered by heat pumps and air conditioning for example. Thus this paper demonstrates
the state of the art of present applications of thermal storage for demand-side management. A
particular focus of this work is the attention paid to the characteristics of DSM and their relationship to
different thermal storage systems. If TES effectiveness for the abovementioned applications is demonstrated,
TES devices have a small percentage of the potential market. Therefore challenges and guidelines
for a development plan are suggested
Demand response for renewable energy communities: Exploring coordination of prosumer-generated PV and flexible aggregated demand in the Italian framework
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