1,721,134 research outputs found
Living Arrangements of Second-Generation Immigrants in Spain: A Cross-Classified Multilevel Analysis
No full textVitali A. and Arpino B. Living arrangements of second-generation immigrants in Spain: a cross-classified multilevel analysis, Regional Studies. This paper analyses the living arrangements of second-generation immigrants in Spain. Cross-classified multilevel models and micro-census data enable two sources of heterogeneity to be taken into account simultaneously: the country of origin and the province of residence, while considering all main immigrants groups. Results show that the cultural heritage of the country of origin plays an important role in living arrangement decisions of second-generation immigrants; the province of residence effect is not negligible, even though less pronounced than that the country effect. This paper demonstrates how research on immigrants can benefit from multilevel cross-classified modelling
Matching pre-processing of splitballot survey data for the analysis of double standards
No full textSplit-ballot data are often used to study double standards. The key problem of this design is that individual double standards cannot be identified. We propose a simple two-step approach based on a matching pre-processing of the data to estimate individual double standards. Once this preliminary first step is completed, any statistical technique (e.g., regression models) can be applied on the new data. We illustrate the method with an application concerning gender double standards on attitudes toward age at leaving home using data from the third round of the European Social Survey. We show that the proposed method simplifies regression analyses of the effects of covariates on double standards and offers new opportunities for research on double standards
Students can encourage their grandparents to vaccinate
No full textZou and colleagues design and analyze a health education program that targeted college students (who were grandchildren) to encourage older persons who had already had their first COVID-19 vaccine dose to receive a booster. The program increased the uptake of booster doses, which highlights the fact that family ties can have positive roles in the context of a pandemic
A Monte-Carlo study to evaluate value-addedmodels for institutions’ rankings
No full textThe aim of this paper is to assess the quality of the ranking of institutions
obtained with different types of widely used random and fixed effects value-added
models. Through a Monte Carlo simulation study we assess the robustness of the
ranking obtained in the presence of different model misspecifications and data structures.
Coherently with the well-established literature, we find that it is quite hard to
obtain a reliable ranking of the whole effectiveness distribution, while it is possible
to identify institutions with extreme performances under various experimental
conditions. Multilevel models where the between and within cluster components of
first-level covariates are distinguished perform significantly better than both multilevel
models where the two effects are set to be equal and fixed effect models. We
also find that the estimated rankings are of poor quality when the effectiveness distribution
does not follow a symmetric and unimodal distribution. For these situations
we plan to explore simple data transformations, as the Box-Cox, and non-parametric
methods for the estimation of random effects that can help to obtain a better ranking
Who brings home the bacon? The influence of context on partners' contributions to the household income
Full text linkBACKGROUND Female-breadwinner families represent a relatively new phenomenon in Europe. Little is known about the determinants of this couple type, which sensibly diverts from the traditional economic superiority of men within the household. OBJECTIVE This paper studies the contextual correlates of partners' contribution to the household income, distinguishing between female-breadwinner, male-breadwinner, and equal-income couples. In particular, it focuses on the role of male unemployment rate and the prevalence of gender-egalitarian attitudes as possible explanations for the emergence of female-breadwinner and equal-income couples across European regions and countries. METHOD Using data from the fifth round (2010/2011) of the European Social Survey, integrated with data from the Eurostat database, we model the categorical variable identifying the couple type (male-breadwinner, female-breadwinner, or equal-income couple) by using a multilevel multinomial logistic regression model where individuals are nested within regions and countries. RESULTS The prevalence of female-breadwinner, male-breadwinner, and equal-income couples varies considerably across European countries as well as within countries. The prevalence of female-breadwinner couples is positively associated with male unemployment, while it is not influenced by the diffusion of gender-egalitarian attitudes. However, the diffusion of gender-egalitarian attitudes matters for explaining the variation in the prevalence of equal-income couples across Europe. CONTRIBUTION We add to the literature on partners' contributions to household income by analysing the spatial distribution and the contextual correlates of female-breadwinner, male-breadwinner, and equal-income couples across European countries and regions
The role of villages in households' poverty exit: Evidence from a multilevel model for rural Vietnam
No full textVietnam experienced a dramatic drop in overall poverty during the 90s. However, the poverty reduction showed substantial variation across households, villages and regions. Using a multilevel model on panel data from the rural sample of the Vietnam Living Standard Measurement Survey we demonstrate the important role of villages in household poverty exit dynamics. We also show how an analysis of village-level random effects predictions can help targeting of policies to reduce poverty. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Propensity score matching with clustered data: an application to birth register data
No full textIn this paper we consider the implementation of propensity score matching for clustered data. Different approaches to reduce bias due to cluster level confounders are considered: matching within clusters and random or fixed effects models for the estimation of the propensity score. All the methods are illustrated with an application to the estimation of the effect of caesarean section on the Apgar score using birth register data from Sardinia hospitals
Digital and other forms of contact between older European parents and children: the role of internet use, digital skills, emotional and geographical distance
No full textGuided by the intergenerational solidarity model and leveraging rich data from the European Social Survey round 10 (2020–2022), we examine the role of internet use, digital skills, emotional and geographical distance in influencing various forms of contact between parents aged 60 or above and their children. Emotional closeness emerges as a universal driver of contact of all forms. Geographical proximity is positively associated with face-to-face interactions, but negatively with video calls. Internet use and digital skills positively associate with digital contact. Our findings suggest that fostering digital inclusion among older adults is crucial, emphasizing the role of digital literacy in maintaining family connections in a digital world. Overall, our study provides insights into adapting familial bonds amidst the digital transformation
Assessing the causal effects of financial aids to firms in Tuscany allowing for interference
No full textWe consider policy evaluations when the Stable Unit Treatment Value Assumption (SUTVA) is violated due to the presence of interference among units. We propose to explicitly model interference as a function of units’ characteristics. Our approach is applied to the evaluation of a policy implemented in Tuscany (a region in Italy) on small handicraft firms. Results show that the benefits from the policy are reduced when treated firms are subject to high levels of interference. Moreover, the average causal effect is slightly underestimated when interference is ignored. We stress the importance of considering possible interference among units when evaluating and planning policy interventions
Is There a Rejuvenating Effect of (Grand)Childcare? A Longitudinal Study on German Data
No full textObjectives: Provision of grandchild care has been found to be associated with a youthful subjective age. Yet, previous studies on this topic were cross-sectional and ignored the increasing proportions of older people growing old without the opportunity to become a grandparent. This study investigates the effects of childcare to grandchildren and to other children on subjective age using panel data. Methods: We exploit the longitudinal nature of data from the German Ageing Survey (DEAS) to examine the association between grandparental childcare and care to other children with subjective age, using fixed-effects regression analyses on a sample of 50-85 years old individuals (men: N = 11,151; n = 3,984; women: N = 10,687; n = 3,746, where N is the number of observations and n is the number of individuals). Results: The results from cross-sectional analyses show a "rejuvenating effect"of provision of both types of childcare in later life, especially for women. However, longitudinal analyses find very small and statistically insignificant effects. Discussion: We show for the first time that both grandchild care and childcare outside the grandparent-grandchild relationship are associated with a youthful subjective age for older people. However, these associations are likely due to selection effects, that is, unobserved characteristics of people that make them more likely to engage in childcare and are also associated with subjective age. Our results warn against causal interpretation of associations found in previous studies, but also open up new research questions on the role played by childcare other than to grandchildren
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