1,722,218 research outputs found
Bridging the Gap: Conclusions
No full textDiscusses whether growth in software industry in some new emerging economies produces lessons for other countrie
Wholly owned subsidiary versus technology licensing in the worldwide chemical industry
No full textThis paper empirically analyzes the determinants of the choice between wholly owned subsidiary and technology licensing as a strategy for expansion abroad. We use a new and comprehensive database on worldwide plant level investments in the chemical industry during the 1981–1991 period. We find that both cultural distance and the presence of other potential licensors favor the use of licensing as a strategy for expanding abroad, whereas, prior experience favors the choice of wholly owned subsidiary. An implication of this study is that competition in the market for technology can foster the international diffusion of technology through the use of arm's length agreements. © 2000, Academy of International Business. All rights reserved
Complementarity and External Linkages: The Strategy of the Large Firms in Biotechnology
No full textThis paper tests the idea that different forms of external research collaborations are complementary with one another
From Underdogs to Tigers: The Rise of the Software Industry in Brazil, China, India, Ireland and Israel
No full textThis book studies the growth of the software industry in Brazil, China, India, Israel, and Irelan
Domestic markets and international competitiveness: Generic and product-specific competencies in the engineering sector
No full textThis paper develops a theory of how the size of the domestic market shapes firm competencies. Our theory implies that large markets are beneficial even if factors such as economies of scale or learning effects are absent. We validate our model by an international comparison of the performance of firms that provide engineering services to the oil and petrochemical industry. We conclude that, relative to the United States, the competitiveness of European or Japanese industries is greater in activities whose underlying competencies are not product specific and can be utilized across a variety of products. The benefits of large markets are greatest for activities based on product-specific competencies. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The changing technology of technological change: general and abstract knowledge and the division of innovative labour
No full textIn the past, most innovations have resulted from empiricist procedures; the outcome of each trial yielding knowledge that could not be readily extended to other contexts. While trial and-error may remain the primary engine of innovation, developments in many scientific disciplines, along with progress in computational capabilities and instrumentation, are encouraging a new approach to industrial research. Instead of relying purely on trial-and-error, the attempt is also to understand the principles governing the behaviour of objects and structures. The result is that relevant information, whatever its source, can now be cast in frameworks and categories that are more universal. The greater universality makes it possible for the innovation process to be organised in new ways: firms can specialise and focus upon producing new knowledge, and the locus of innovation may be spread across both users and producers. More generally the use of general and abstract knowledge in innovation opens up the possibility for a division of labour in inventive activity -the division of innovative labour. The implications for public policy, especially that on intellectual property rights, are discussed. © 1994
The Impact of NSF Support on Basic Research in Economics
No full textThis paper studies an unusually rich data set of all the 1473 applications to the NSF in economics during 1985-1990. It provides a rare opportunity to analyze not only the characteristics of the researchers whose application was accepted (414 applications in our sample), but also at those whose applications were rejected. This implies that one can investigate the impact of an NSF grants on the research output (quality-adjusted publications) of individual researchers. Using non-parametric techniques, as well as more conventional regression analyses, we find that the NSF effect is modest, apart for the more junior scholars. We also address some ancillary questions, like the factors that affect the NSF selection process and the decision about the size of the grants
Public Policy Towards Science: Picking Starts or Spreading the Wealth?
No full textThis paper develops a model that leads to a better understanding of public policies to support scientific researc
Evaluating technological information and utilizing it. Scientific knowledge, technological capability, and external linkages in biotechnology
No full textThis paper empirically tests a theory suggesting that firms with more scientific capabilities engage in fewer R&D collaborations projects, but better selected. Firm with better technological capabilities engage in more projects
"Evolution of Industry Structure in the Chemicals Industry"
No full textStudies technology supply from engineering firms in the chemical processing industr
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