1,721,189 research outputs found
A First NGS Investigation Suggests No Association Between Viruses and Canine Cancers
Full text linkApproximately 10–15% of worldwide human cancers are attributable to viral infection. When operating as carcinogenic elements, viruses may act with various mechanisms, but the most important is represented by viral integration into the host genome, causing chromosome instability, genomic mutations, and aberrations. In canine species, few reports have described an association between viral integration and canine cancers, but more comprehensive studies are needed. The advancement of next-generation sequencing and the cost reduction have resulted in a progressive increasing of sequencing data in veterinary oncology offering an opportunity to study virome in canine cancers. In this study, we have performed viral detection and integration analyses using VirusFinder2 software tool on available whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing data of different canine cancers. Several viral sequences were detected in lymphomas, hemangiosarcomas, melanomas, and osteosarcomas, but no reliable integration sites were identified. Even if with some limitations such as the depth and type of sequencing, a restricted number of available nonhuman genomes software, and a limited knowledge on endogenous retroviruses in the canine genome, results are compelling. However, further experiments are needed, and similarly to feline species, dedicated analysis tools for the identification of viral integration sites in canine cancers are required
Perspectives on the design of clinical trials for targeted therapies and immunotherapy in veterinary oncology
No full textCanine necrotizing encephalitis associated with anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis
No full textA 2-year-old male West Highland white terrier with a 4-month history of seizures was referred for investigation. Depressed mentation, proprioceptive deficit and decreased menace response were noted at neurological examination. Post-mortem examination of the brain revealed multifocal lesions located principally in the left side of the diencephalon and mesencephalon. The lesions consisted of non-suppurative inflammation and large areas of cavitation. The clinical evaluation and histopathological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME). Immunofluorescence performed on frozen sections of kidney revealed strong smooth linear labelling of the glomerular basement membrane with anti-IgG serum as well as weaker linear labelling with anti-IgM serum. This histomorphological pattern was consistent with anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis. The association of this type of glomerulonephritis with a necrotizing encephalitis would support the hypothesis of an immune-mediated aetiology for NME
Adenocarcinoma of the disseminated prostate in a cat.
No full textAn adenocarcinoma of the disseminated prostate gland with pulmonary, myocardial and renal metastases is described in a 12-year-old, neutered male European cat. Histologically, the tumour was localised in the spongy layer of the prostatic urethra and showed an epithelial alveolar pattern. Considering the anatomic, microscopic and immunohistochemical findings, the tumour was diagnosed as an adenocarcinoma of the disseminated prostate gland. To our knowledge this is the first report of adenocarcinoma of the disseminated prostate gland in a cat
Use of S-100 and chromogranin A antibodies as immunohistochemical markers on detection of malignancy in aortic body tumors in dog
No full textTo define the characteristics of malignancy we performed routine histology and an inummohistochemical study on seventeen aortic body tumors in dogs. We essayed tumors using a panel of inummohistochemical markers: neuron specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin A (CrA) and S-100. Among 17 cases, the neoplastic cells were positive for NSE (17 cases, 100%), S-100 (9 cases, 53%), and CrA (8 cases, 47%), respectively. The sustentacular cells density and chief cell staining intensity were both inversely related to tumor grade. The most relevant data was consistent with a negative staining of S-100 correlated with absence or decreased number of sustemacular cells in tumors grade III. This report indicates that the inummohistochemical panel has utility for the diagnosis of chemodectoma and the negative staining to CrA and S-100 markers in tumors grade III expresses an indication of malignant behaviour of the tumor
Epithelial mesenchymal transition in the progression of renal disease in dogs
No full textChronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs is the final common pathway resulting from persistent renal injury and is characterized by progressive tubulointerstitial damage (TID). Pathogenesis of CKD is divided into an initial inflammatory phase with a predominantly mononuclear infiltrate followed by a fibrotic phase with increased numbers of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix deposition that causes a progressive reduction of functional parenchyma. Proteinuria is a common manifestation of renal diseases in dogs, and its role in the pathogenesis of CKD is still uncertain. Nevertheless, the degree of proteinuria in dogs correlates with TID progression. Increased protein filtration may have direct effects on tubular epithelial cells (TECs) that induce them to express the major histocompatibility complex type II, and thereby contribute to lymphocyte recruitment. Thus, an active pro-inflammatory role is proposed for TECs in TID progression. Moreover TECs are believed to actively participate in the mechanisms of renal fibrosis. Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT) of TECs in canine TID has been studied in the last decade. Down-regulation of adhesion molecules and loss of epithelial markers in TECs directly correlate with the severity of TID and with de novo expression of mesenchymal markers. Tubular basement membrane (TBM) disruption is an early EMT event. Increased activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and its co-localization with TBM splitting suggests an active role for the enzyme in inducing EMT. Processes occurring in canine CKD share many similarities with its human counterpart, making the dog a good model in which to examine the mechanisms of TID progression
Aging in the Canine Kidney
No full textGiven the irreversible nature of nephron loss, aging of the kidney is of special interest to diagnostic and toxicologic pathologists. There are many similarities among histologic lesions in aged human and canine kidneys, including increased frequency of glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy. Unfortunately, there are few studies in which renal tissue from aged healthy dogs was adequately examined with advanced diagnostics-namely, transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence-so age-associated changes in canine podocytes and glomerular basement membranes are poorly characterized. An age-associated decrease in the glomerular filtration rate in humans and dogs (specifically small breed dogs) has been documented. Although lesions in aged rats and mice differ somewhat from those of aged dogs and humans, the knowledge gained from rodent models is still vital to elucidating the pathogenesis of age-associated renal disease. Many novel molecules implicated in renal aging have been identified through genetically modified rodent models and transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of human kidneys. These molecules represent intriguing therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. Likewise, influencing critical pathways of cellular aging, such as telomere shortening, cellular senescence, and autophagy, could improve renal function in the elderly
Parachini-Winter et al "A case of canine high-grade T-cell lymphoma immunophenotypically consistent with T-zone lymphoma"
No full textTransformation of canine lymphoma/leukemia to more aggressive diseases: anecdotes or reality?
Full text linkTransformation is the evolution of an indolent lymphoma/leukemia to an aggressive lymphoma, typically harboring a very poor prognosis. This phenomenon is well described in humans , but under-estimated in dogs although recognized as a possible evolution of indolent lymphomas/leukemias. In canine chronic leukemias blast crisis (mainly in myeloid ) and Richter syndrome (transformation into a high grade lymphoma) (mainly in B-cell lymphocytic leukemia) has been reported. Transformation is a possible event also in canine low grade lymphomas, although rare. The increased knowledge has also generated new questions and posed challenges that need to be addressed to improve outcome, including the recognition of the clinical characteristics at diagnosis associated with a higher risk of transformation in an attempt of anticipating the typical evolution
Severe Renal Failure in a Dog Resembling Human Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis.
Full text linkA case of renal disease in a dog resembling human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is presented. A kidney biopsy from this animal showed focal glomerular sclerosis, with variable distribution, affecting the perihilar and peripheral segments of the glomerular tuft. Non-sclerotic glomeruli were markedly enlarged. Interstitial fibrosis in association with tubular atrophy affected approximately 20% of the area of the biopsy. Immunofluorescence labelling showed immunoglobulin M deposits entrapped in segmental sclerotic areas and ultrastructural examination revealed segmental sclerosis and obliteration of capillaries, vacuolation of podocytes and diffuse effacement of foot processes. The dog was humanely destroyed 1 month later. At necropsy examination there was severe end-stage kidney disease with interstitial fibrosis involving more than 60% of the renal tissue. The clinical course and the microscopical, immunofluorescence and ultrastructural findings in this case have similarity to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in man. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
- …
